TECHNOLOGICAL ASPECTS CONCERNING DIMINISH OF DUST CONTENT IN

WASTE GASES RESULTED IN STEELMAKING PROCESESS

Costica T. Mustata1, Elena Ionela Chitovet2
1

UZINSIDER Bucharest, 2Politehnica University Bucharest

Key words: steelmaking plant, dedusting, dry purification, bags filter, electric arc furnace.
Abstract: The paper presents technological aspects related to modernization of the dedusting equipment for
waste gases resulted in steelmaking proceses at Resita Metallurcical Complex. It designed an installation that
collect and purify the raw waste gas from electric arc furnace and ladle furnace both 100 tonnes capacity.

1.

INTRODUCTION

With the increasing industrialization of the

planet. ambient pollution has become one of the most
important issues, related to the evolution of life on earth. In
this context, international bodies and organizations have
initiated and implemented several environmental projects,
and forced world governments to issue specific laws in this
respect . The most important project in this category is
"Kyoto Protocol" signed by most countries that sets out
milestones to be pursued in view to improving the planets
life. Romania is also a signatory to this Protocol and
elaborated the legislation which requires to polluters
operators , environmental protection measures.
In this frame, UZINSIDER, IPROMET and Resita
Steelmaking Plant, [CSR] designed, manufactured and put
into operation at the electric steelmaking plant of the last
one, a dedusting system of waste gas resulted in
steelmaking process.

2.

CURRENT SITUATION

Existing dedusting system at the Resita Steelmakling

Plant for capture and purification of gases from an Electric
Arc Furnace [EAF] of 100 tons capacity, includes only the
aspiration through the hole capture located in the furnace
cap and wet cleaning system.
This capture system has several disadvantages such as:

Inability capture the entire amount of gas

released during both melting and especially in the
tilted vault phase;
The Wet separation system of dust from gases not
fully ensure its retention and, most of it crosses
all systems capture and flue it to the chimney,
dust which it release into the atmosphere;
Although wet separation system retains some of
the dust, it pollutes the water, which is still
needed capturing dust in settling ponds.

3.

PROPOSED TECHNOLOGY

It was concluded that the wet treatment should be

replaced with a dry cleaning, more effective, thus
suggesting a separation of dust from waste gas in the
battery bag filters with pulse-jet bag desilting or reverse air
blow.
To capture the entire amount of waste gas in all of all
steelmaking technological phases it was included a
secondary circuit, consisting in a hood located under the
roof of steelworks, above EAF. This will takeover surplus
of gas resulted during melting, as well as those that arise
during tilted vault of the furnace.

4.

DESCRIPTION OF THE CAPTURE

AND FILTRATION SYSTEM.
PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION

The system was designed to retrieve all waste gases

quantities resulted both EAF and installation adjacent,
namely LF, both with a capacity of 100 tons.
System structure consists of two circuits namely;
primary, for gas suction through capture cap hole of EAF
and secondary circuit for suction of waste gas through hood
on the roof and dry cleaning facility.
That was dimensioned so to ensure treatment of whole
quantity of gas for both circuits, and includes assembly
plant to ensure thorough mixing, filtration, circulation and
evacuation undertaken by them.
Figure # 1 is shown a section through electric
steelmaking plant, where can see the entire set of capture
and circuit of gases to filtration system and then to the
chimney, and Figure # 2, an exterior view of filtration
plant.

Figure # 1 - CSR Electric Steelmaking Plant section

The Dedusting Insalation is composed by:

Afterburner chamber;

Cooling pipes' pipe in pipe ";

Cooler air;

Spark Retention and Mixing Chamber, with the

purpose to retain, by gravimetric separation,
sparks or solid particles who were involved in the
secondary circuit capture, and did not stop along
the way, sparks should not get into the filter bag
that can burn.

Figure # 3 Structure of bags filter

Waste gas from EAF and LF are captured at the vault level
and directed to filtration and dedusting installation.

Figure # 4. Section through the Bags Filter Module

Figure # 2 Bags Filter - outdoor baths

Bags Filter is main cleaning machine, the dust in

raw gas is kept at passing a special canvas bags.
The gas passes through, but dust can not cross,
and thus deposited on the incident side. The
cleaning of bags being performed by a special
fan, or blowing with compressed air.
waste gas chimney.

For the determination and computation of the filter bags is

use specialized software programs, as Fluent and Gambit.
As a first approximation it is considered that the flue gas
behaves ideally. In this case, equations describing the gas
flow, and which is used in mathematical modeling are:

Flow equation;

Continuity equation;

Momentum Equation ;

In Figure. # 3 and 4, it can see a typical section

through a bags filter where is seen a filtering bags battery
and the organization of it [1].
Flue gas circulation through the installation is
provided by two exhausters, located between the bags filter
and chimney , with dampers and start devices on the
suction pipes.

Waste Gas Emi sions

+
600
500
400
300
200

Based on these equations it was calculated the gas

stream through the filter circuit. Similar researches were
made at Intensive-Filter GmbH & Co. KG [1] which
highlighted several advantages of using CFD method in
designing of bags filters. A simulation of gas flow into the
filter bag is shown in Figure # 5

100
0
15

30

45

60

75

90

105

120

135

T i me (mi n)

EAF Waste Gas

LF Waste Gase

Figure # 6. Variation of waste gas emission

Dust in Waste Gas

250
200
150
100

Figure # 5. The gas streams into filter module

50

5.

RESULTS

0
15

In Table # 1 are showing the main data on the waste gas

resulted in steelmaking process.
Tabelul 1

Nr.

Denomination

crt.
1
2
3
4
5

Total gas quantity

Total filtration surface
Dust content in gas
Gas temperature
Depressure in filter

UM

1,000,000
8,561
2.5
130
120

Filters material density gr./sq.m.

600

Bag sizes
mm.

140

mm.
pcs.

5,200
12

No. of bags per

module
10 No. of rows per
module
11 No. of bags per rows

pcs.

312

pcs.

24

pcs.

13

12 Dust in filtered waste

mg./q.m.

10

length
Number of modules

45

60

75

90

105

120

135

T i me (mi n. )

Dust in RawGas, (x10 gr.)

Dust in Clean Gas, (mg)

Value

c.m./h
sq.m.
gr./c.m.
degrees
mm CA

diameter

30

The Graphs in Figure # 6 and # 7 highlight the

evolution of the waste gas volume, respectively the dust
quantity in steelmaking period.

Figure # 7. Variation of the dust quantity in the waste gas.

6.

CONCLUSIONS:

Commissioning of the dedusting installation at Resita

Steelmaking Plant
solved one of the most acute
environmental problems in the area. Steelmaking Plant
from CSR equipped with EAF and LF, produces approx.
400,000 tonnes of liquid steel per annum.
Before commissioning of dedusting plant, factory
emits into the atmosphere about 2.0 tons of dust each hour
of operation in the melting regime. New technology, have
reduced the amount of dust in the waste gas to 10 kg. per
hour.
In accordance with the Romanian laws, but also with
European Union Directives, the dust content in exhausted
gases in the atmosphere should not exceed 50 mg / c.m.
As such, dedusting installation made by UZINSIDER,
IPROMET and CSR has achieved its goal.

REFERENCES:
1. Knop, K., Koger, A., Schrooten, T. CFD for Filters
Global Cement Magazune, June, 2010;
2. FabriClean Design Principles www.flsmidth.com
3. Rimini, B., Ferretti, G., Bartolomasi, M. Sizing of
Dedusting System, World Cement, June, 1997.

4. Swar, A.K., Meikap, B.C., - Role of Particle Capture

Velocity to Control Fugitive Dust Emission by Bag Filter
System, South Africa Journal of Chemical Engineering, Vol.
16, no.1,2010.