INTRODUCTION TO

ENVIRONMENT AND POLLUTION

Prepared by:
Engr. Irfan Ahmed

What is Environment?
Environment includes all the
conditions, circumstances and
influences surrounding and
affecting the total organization
or any of its parts.

 Environment

is
surrounding
condition
for

atmosphere/
existence.
"Environment
is an essential
natural process or an outcome of
occurrence.
"Environment is of two types, one
is negative and the other is
positive.

Environmental Segments
Lithosphere
Hydrosphere

Atmosphere
Biosphere

Lithosphere
The cover of rock
constituting the earths
crust is called
Lithosphere.
Soil and Rocks are the
important part of
lithosphere.

Hydroshpere
It includes all the surface
and groundwater
resources e.g. Oceans,
Seas, rivers, streams,
Lakes, reservoirs, dams,
Glaciers, polar ice caps
and groundwater.

Atmosphere
The atmosphere
comprises of mixture
of gases: Nitrogen,
Oxygen, hydrogen etc.
It extends up to 500
kms, above the
surface of earth.

Biosphere
This is region of the
Earth where life exits.
It extending from about
10 kms below the sea
levels 6 kms above
the sea levels.

What is pollution?
Introduction

of
pollutants
into the environment which
deteriorate the nature and
harm living resources and
ecosystems
thereby
endangering human health.

TYPES OF POLLUTION
1. Air Pollution
2. Water Pollution
3. Solid Waste Pollution

4. Soil Pollution
5. Noise Pollution

6. Radio active Pollution

AIR POLLUTION

WATER POLLUTION

SOLID WASTE POLLUTION

SOIL POLLUTION

NOISE POLLUTION

RADIO ACTIVE
POLLUTIONPOLLUTION

Ecology
Greek origin
OIKOS = household
LOGOS = study of

Study of the house/environment in

which we live.

Origin of the wordecology

Ecology is study of interactions

between

non-living components in the

environment

light
water
wind
nutrients in soil
heat
solar radiation
atmosphere, etc.

AND

Living organisms
Plants
Animals
microorganisms in soil, etc.

To study Ecology involves

For non-living
(abiotic)

Climatology
Hydrology
Oceanography
Geology
soil analysis, etc.

For living
(biotic)

animal
behavior
etc.

Abiotic

Biotic

What is an ecosystem?
System

= regularly interacting
and interdependent components
forming a unified whole
Ecosystem = an ecological
system;
= a community and its physical
environment treated together
as a functional system

Ecosystems:
Fundamental Characteristics

Structure:

Living (biotic)
Nonliving (abiotic)

Process:

Energy flow
Cycling of matter
(chemicals)

Change:

Dynamic (not static)

Succession, etc.

Abiotic components:
ABIOTIC components:
Solar energy provides practically all the
energy for ecosystems.
Inorganic substances, e.g., sulfur, boron,
tend to cycle through ecosystems.
Organic compounds, such as proteins,
carbohydrates, lipids, and other complex
molecules, form a link between biotic and
abiotic components of the system.

Thank You