Essential University Physics, 3e (Wolfson)

Chapter 37 Molecules and Solids

37.1 Conceptual Questions
1) Covalent bonding is due to
A) the sharing of electrons between atoms.
B) the transfer of electrons between atoms.
C) atoms bonding to hydrogen molecules.
D) atoms bonding to oxygen molecules.
Answer: A
Var: 1

2) Ionic bonding is due to

A) the sharing of electrons between atoms.
B) the transfer of electrons between atoms.
C) atoms bonding to hydrogen molecules.
D) atoms bonding to oxygen molecules.
Answer: B
Var: 1

3) A rotating diatomic molecule has rotational quantum number l. The energy DIFFERENCE
between adjacent energy levels
A) increases as l increases.
B) decreases as l increases.
C) is the same for all changes in l.
D) is independent of l.
Answer: A
Var: 1

4) A rotating diatomic molecule in its l = 1 quantum state has energy E. What is the energy of the
same molecule in its l = 2 quantum state?
A) 2E
B) 3E
C) 4E
D) 6E
E) 8E
Answer: B
Var: 1

5) A vibrating diatomic molecule has vibrational quantum number n. The energy DIFFERENCE
between adjacent energy levels
A) increases as n increases.
B) decreases as n increases.
C) is the same for all changes in n.
D) is independent of n.
Answer: D
Var: 1
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6) A vibrating diatomic molecule in its ground state has energy E. What is the energy of the same
molecule in its second EXCITED state?
A) E
B) 2E
C) 3E
D) 5E
E) 9E
Answer: D
Var: 1

7) A p-type semiconductor has a net positive charge.

A) True
B) False
Answer: B
Var: 1

8) An unfilled electron state in the valence band is called

A) a hole.
B) an empty electron.
C) a conduction electron.
D) a positron.
E) an empty positron.
Answer: A
Var: 1

9) In a p-type semiconductor, a hole is

A) a donor atom.
B) an extra electron supplied by a donor atom.
C) an extra proton supplied by a donor atom.
D) a missing atom in the crystalline structure.
E) a region where an electron is missing.
Answer: E
Var: 1

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37.2 Problems
1) A diatomic has a moment of inertia of 7.73 10-45 kg m2. What is its rotational energy in the
quantum state characterized by l = 2? (h = 6.626 10-34 J s, h = 1.055 10-34 J s, 1 eV =
1.60 10-19 J)
A) 22.7 eV
B) 27.0 eV
C) 587 eV
D) 72.2 eV
E) 87.1 eV
Answer: B
Var: 1

2) A diatomic molecule has 2.6 10-5 eV of rotational energy in the l = 2 quantum state. What
is its rotational energy in the l = 1 quantum state?
A) 3.4 eV
B) 4.1 eV
C) 5.3 eV
D) 7.8 eV
E) 8.7 eV
Answer: E
Var: 1

3) A diatomic molecule has 18 10-5 eV of rotational energy in the l = 2 quantum state. What is
its rotational energy in the l = 0 quantum state?
A) 90 eV
B) 60 eV
C) 30 eV
D) 15 eV
E) 0 eV
Answer: E
Var: 1

4) The spacing of the atoms (treated as point masses) in the H2 molecule is 7.4 x 10-11 m. What
is the energy of the l = 1 rotational level? (1 eV = 1.60 10-19 J, h = 6.626 10-34 J s, h =
1.055 10-34 J s, mH mproton = 1.67 10-27 kg)
A) 0.090 eV
B) 0.070 eV
C) 0.045 eV
D) 0.030 eV
E) 0.015 eV
Answer: E
Var: 1

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5) Estimate the rotational energy (in eV) for a diatomic hydrogen molecule in the l = 2 quantum
state. (The equilibrium separation for the H2 molecule is 0.074 nm.) (1 eV = 1.60 10-19 J, h =
6.626 10-34 J s, h = 1.055 10-34 J s, mH mproton = 1.67 10-27 kg)
A) 0.011 eV
B) 0.026 eV
C) 0.032 eV
D) 0.046 eV
E) 0.055 eV
Answer: D
Var: 1

6) The moment of inertia of a fluorine (

) molecule is

What is the rotational

energy of a fluorine molecule for the l = 19 state? (h = 6.626 10-34 J s, h = 1.055 10-34 J
s, 1 eV = 1.60 10-19 J)
A) 4.2 10-2 eV
B) 2.1 10-3 eV
C) 4.6 10-2 eV
D) 5.1 10-2 eV
E) 5.6 10-2 eV
Answer: A
Var: 23

7) A certain molecule has 2.00 eV of rotational energy in the l = 1 state. In the l = 4 state, what
would its rotational energy be?
A) 8.00 eV
B) 16.0 eV
C) 20.0 eV
D) 30.0 eV
E) 32.0 eV
Answer: C
Var: 1

8) When a certain diatomic molecule undergoes a transition from the l = 5 to the l = 3 rotational
level, the emitted photon has wavelength
Calculate the moment of inertia of the
molecule. (c = 3.00 108 m/s, e = 1.60 10-19 C, h = 6.626 10-34 J s, h = 1.055 10-34 J
s)
Answer: 1.45 10-46 kg
Var: 50+

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9) The vibrational frequency of an HF molecule is 8.72 1013 Hz and the reduced mass of the
molecule is 1.589 10-27 kg. What is the ground state vibrational energy of an HF molecule? (1
eV = 1.60 10-19 J, h = 1.055 10-34 J s, h = 6.626 10-34 J s)
A) 0.12 eV
B) 0.18 eV
C) 0.24 eV
D) 0.30 eV
E) 0.36 eV
Answer: B
Var: 1

10) A diatomic molecule is vibrating in its first excited quantum state above the ground state. In
that excited state, its frequency is 2.0 1013 Hz. What is the energy of the molecule in this
state? (h = 6.626 10-34 J s, h = 1.055 10-34 J s, 1 eV = 1.60 10-19 J
A) 0.041 eV
B) 0.083 eV
C) 0.12 eV
D) 0.15 eV
E) 0.17 eV
Answer: C
Var: 1

11) A certain diatomic molecule emits a photon of energy 1.20 eV when it makes a transition
from the n = 1 vibrational state to the next lower vibrational state. What is the frequency of
vibration of the molecule? (h = 6.626 10-34 J s, h = 1.055 10-34 J s, 1 eV = 1.60 10-19
J)
A) 1.93 1014 Hz
B) 2.90 1014 Hz
C) 4.35 1014 Hz
D) 1.82 1015 Hz
E) 2.73 1015 Hz
Answer: B
Var: 1

12) A certain diatomic molecule emits a photon of energy 1.20 eV when it makes a transition
from the n = 1 vibrational state to the next lower vibrational state. If the molecule made a
transition from the n = 2 state to the n = 1 state, what would be the energy of the photon it would
emit? (h = 6.626 10-34 J s, h = 1.055 10-34 J s, 1 eV = 1.60 10-19 J)
A) 3.60 eV
B) 2.40 eV
C) 1.20 eV
D) 0.60 eV
E) 0.30 eV
Answer: C
Var: 1
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13) Approximately how many states in the range from 5.0 eV to 5.2 eV are there in a copper bar
of volume 5.3 cm3? (h = 6.626 10-34 J s, h = 1.055 10-34 J s, mel = 9.11 10-31 kg, 1 eV
= 1.60 10-19 J)
A) 5.1 1022
B) 3.2 1022
C) 1.6 1022
D) 8.2 1021
E) 3.2 1021
Answer: C
Var: 1

14) The energy gap between the valence and conduction bands in a certain semiconductor is 1.25
eV. What is the threshold wavelength for optical absorption in this substance? (c = 3.00 108
m/s, 1 eV = 1.60 10-19 J, h = 6.626 10-34 J s)
A) 599 nm
B) 639 nm
C) 959 nm
D) 873 nm
E) 994 nm
Answer: E
Var: 1

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