Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
b
Sin B
c _
Sin C
a = b + c 2bc cos A Can swap letters around but angle A, B or C must be between
the lengths you know.
Logarithms
f(x) = bx where b = base, x = exponent.
y = bx and x = log b y
Use Pascals triangle to give the coefficients and remember that the powers drop for the xs
and increase for the ys. (e,g from xn for the 1st term to xn-1y for the 2nd etc to end with yn.)
Easiest to write out sequence using x and ys then substitute in the actual terms afterwards
remembering to apply the power to the whole expression.
(x+y)n = ( n )xn + ( n )xn-1y + ( n )xn-2y2 = +( n )yn where ( n ) = n C r =
n!
1
2
n
r
0
r!(n r)!
(If want rth term of the nth row of Pascals triangle use n C r)
Use the formula booklet for full formula and just substitute in numbers.
Trigonometry
Tangent Curve
Cosine Curve
Sine Curve
1.5
1
0.5
0
45 90
180
270
360
-0.5
-1
1.5
1
0.5
0
-0.5
-1
-1.5
10
5
45 90
180
270
360
45 90
180
270
360
-5
-10
-1.5
Sine
Repeats every 360. Supplementary angle at 180 - .
Cosine
Repeats every 360. Supplementary angle at 360 -
Tangent
Repeats every 180.
Tan = sin
sin2 + cos2 = 1
cos
If finding sin 2 then let 2 = and find solution for then your answers.
Remember that range of possible values for is twice as big (e.g. 0 < < 360 becomes
0 < < 720) as will halve the solutions as = 2.
Radians
2 = 360
Arc Length s = r Area of sector A = r 2 (Must be in radians)
= 180
Often better to calculate angle in degrees then change to a fraction of especially when
using trigonometry.
Integration
Opposite of differentiation.
x n dx =
Trapezium Rule
Used if you cannot integrate the function. Split curve up into separate trapeziums of equal
width and find approximate area for each. Number of intervals (separate trapeziums will be
given.) Area of a trapezium = h (y0 + y1) where h = x1 x0.
Can use the formula area = h{(y0 + yn) + 2( y1 + y2 + + yn-1)} where h = xn x0 and
n = number of intervals. (xn and x0 are the upper and lower limits).
n