Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
Burkitt's lymphoma
Classification and external resources
C83.7
ICD-9
200.2
ICD-O:
M9687/3
OMIM
113970
DiseasesDB
1784
eMedicine
med/256
MeSH
D002051
Contents
[hide]
1 Genetics
2 Classification
3 Microscopy
4 Malignant B cell characteristics
5 Treatment
6 Epidemiology
7 References
[edit] Genetics
Almost by definition, Burkitt's lymphoma is associated with c-myc gene translocation.
This gene is found at 8q24.
The most common variant is t(8;14)(q24;q32). This involves c-myc and IGH@. A
variant of this, a three-way translocation, t(8;14;18), has also been identified.[3]
[edit] Classification
Currently Burkitt's lymphoma can be divided into three main clinical variants: the
endemic, the sporadic and the immunodeficiency-associated variants which are all
associated with HIV and AIDS. Burkitts Lymphoma is usually associated with over 90%
of AIDS cases. All facial features exhibited by Burkitts lymphoma are associated to
HIV/AIDS.[5]
Seven-year-old Nigerian boy with a several month history of jaw swelling which had
been treated with antibiotics. The tumor was ulcerated and draining.
Picture of a mouth of a patient with Burkitt's lymphoma showing disruption of teeth and
partial obstruction of airway.
The endemic variant occurs in equatorial Africa. It is the most common
malignancy of children in this area. Children affected with the disease often also
had chronic malaria which is believed to have reduced resistance to Epstein-Barr
virus (EBV) allowing it to take hold. The disease characteristically involves the
jaw or other facial bone, distal ileum, cecum, ovaries, kidney or the breast.
[edit] Microscopy
[edit] Treatment
Treatment with dose-adjusted EPOCH with Rituxan (rituximab) has shown an 8 year
survival rate of 91% for low risk, 90% for low-intermediate risk, 67% for highintermediate risk, and 31% for high risk cases with few of the side effects associated with
Burkitt's lymphoma chemotherapy.[8]
Effect of the chemotherapy, as with all cancers, depends on the time of diagnosis. With
faster growing cancers, such as this one, the cancer actually responds faster than with
slower growing cancers. This rapid response to chemotherapy can be hazardous to patient
as a phenomenon called "tumor lysis syndrome" could occur. Close monitoring of patient
and adequate hydration is essential during the process.
Chemotherapy
cyclophosphamide
doxorubicin
vincristine
methotrexate
cytarabine
ifosfamide
etoposide
rituximab[9]
Other treatments are immunotherapy, bone marrow transplants, surgery to remove the
tumor, and radiotherapy.
[edit] Epidemiology
Of all cancers involving the same class of blood cell, 2% of cases are Burkitt's
lymphoma.[10]
[edit] References
1. ^ synd/2511 at Who Named It?
2. ^ Burkitt D (1958). "A sarcoma involving the jaws in African children". The
British journal of surgery 46 (197): 21823. doi:10.1002/bjs.18004619704. PMID
13628987.
3. ^ Liu D, Shimonov J, Primanneni S, Lai Y, Ahmed T, Seiter K (2007).
"t(8;14;18): a 3-way chromosome translocation in two patients with Burkitt's
lymphoma/leukemia". Mol. Cancer 6: 35. doi:10.1186/1476-4598-6-35. PMID
17547754.
4. ^ a b Smardova J, Grochova D, Fabian P, et al. (October 2008). "An unusual p53
mutation detected in Burkitt's lymphoma: 30 bp duplication". Oncol. Rep. 20 (4):
7738. PMID 18813817. http://www.spandidos-publications.com/or/article.jsp?
article_id=or_20_4_773.
5. ^ Ferry JA (April 2006). "Burkitt's lymphoma: clinicopathologic features and
differential diagnosis". Oncologist 11 (4): 37583. doi:10.1634/theoncologist.114-375. PMID 16614233. http://theoncologist.alphamedpress.org/cgi/pmidlookup?
view=long&pmid=16614233.
6. ^ Bellan C, Lazzi S, De Falco G, Nyongo A, Giordano A, Leoncini L (March
2003). "Burkitt's lymphoma: new insights into molecular pathogenesis". J. Clin.
Pathol. 56 (3): 18892. doi:10.1136/jcp.56.3.188. PMID 12610094. PMC
1769902. http://jcp.bmj.com/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=12610094.
7. ^ Fujita S, Buziba N, Kumatori A, Senba M, Yamaguchi A, Toriyama K (May
2004). "Early stage of Epstein-Barr virus lytic infection leading to the "starry sky"
pattern formation in endemic Burkitt lymphoma". Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. 128
(5): 54952. PMID 15086279. http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?
request=get-abstract&issn=0003-9985&volume=128&page=549.
8. ^ Wyndham H. Wilson, Kieron Dunleavy, Stefania Pittaluga, Upendra Hegde,
Nicole Grant, Seth M. Steinberg, Mark Raffeld, Martin Gutierrez, Bruce A.
Chabner, Louis Staudt, Elaine S. Jaffe, and John E. Janik (2008). "Phase II Study
of Dose-Adjusted EPOCH-Rituximab in Untreated Diffuse Large B-cell
Lymphoma with Analysis of Germinal Center and Post-Germinal Center