EARTHQUAKE

Earthquake is a sudden shaking of the earth's surface that often causes a lot of
damage. It is the result of a sudden release of stored energy in the Earth's crust that
creates seismic waves. Earthquakes may happen naturally or as a result of human
activities. Smaller earthquakes can also be caused by volcanic activity, landslides,
mine blasts, and nuclear experiments.
At the Earth's surface, earthquakes can be seen from the shaking or displacement
of the ground. Sometimes, they cause tsunamis, which may lead to loss of life and
damage of property. There are two types of earthquake that occurs naturally, they
are tectonic and volcanic earthquakes. Tectonic earthquakes are earthquakes that
are caused by tectonic plates getting stuck and putting a strain on the ground. The
strain becomes so great that rocks give way by breaking and sliding along fault
planes. Volcanic earthquakes are earthquakes which are caused by the movement
of magma in volcanoes. In volcanic regions earthquakes may be caused both by
tectonic faults and by the movement of magma in volcanoes. Such earthquakes can
be an early warning of volcanic eruptions.
The size of an earthquake is usually reported using the Richter scale or a related
Moment scale. Earthquakes which are 3 on the Richter scale or lower are hard to
notice. Whereas, those which are 7 on the Richter scale causes serious damage
over large areas.
A. Find the synonym from the text!
1. Unexpected
:

6. lava

2. Harm

7. amount

3. Occur

8. district

4. Land

9. large

5. Asset

10. observe

B. Find the meaning in Indonesia!

1. Sudden
:

6. Displacement

2. Waves

7. Occur

3. Naturally

8. Plates

4. Volcanoes

9. Stuck

5. Surface

10.Strain

C. Answer the questions based on the text!

1. What is earthquake?
2. What are the causes of smaller earthquakes?
3. How many kinds of earthquake? Mention it!
4. Why does the tectonic earthquake happen?
5. How is the earthquake usually reported?

Penguins
Penguins are birds that cannot fly. There are eighteen different species. They
are all splendid swimmers and can propel themselves through the water at rate of
30 kilometers per hour. They live only in the southern seas of the world, on the
island of Australia, in New Zealand, South Africa and southern South America. Those
that live in the snow and ice cannot build nests.
The biggest are the Emperor penguins which stand about 1.2 meters and
weigh about 75 kilograms. When a female lays an egg, it is the male that keeps it
off the ice by resting it on top of his feet. When the chick hatches, the male, which
will not have eaten for two months, then goes off to feed while the female stays
with the chick to-feed and protect it.
Adelle penguins gather in huge colonies, sometimes as many as half a million
in one group.
Rock hopper penguins are so called because of the way they hop from rock to
rock. They have long crests on their heads. Their chicks are covered with soft down
when hatched. They are helpless at first and needed to be looked for several weeks.
As far back as 1499 it was noted that the jackass penguin brayed like an ass. It is
also known as the black-footed penguin. Gentoo penguins live on many of the
Antarctic islands. They are very friendly and do not fear man. King penguins also
live in the Antarctic. They toboggan on their stomachs at the great speed on the ice
to escape their enemies.
A. Find the meaning!
1. Splendid
:
2. Propel
:
3. Rate
:
4. Nest
:
5. Hatches
:
6. Go off
:
7. Protect
8. Gather
9. Colony
10.Crest
:

:
:
:

11.Hop
12.Helpless
13.Covered
14.Island
15.Friendly
16.Toboggan
17.Resting
18.Brayed
19.Stomach
20.Escape

B. Answer the questions based on the text!

1. What make penguins different from birds commonly?
2. Where do the penguins live?
3. What is the biggest penguin? What does it look like?
4. What the male-penguins do when their chicks hatch?
5. Why are some penguins called rock hopper penguins?

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