LG for Development and Disease

Unit 6, Fall 2014 BIOL 302

Unit 6 Learning Guide and Goals: Chapters 15, 20

Learning Goals for the Unit

Students will be able to explain how transcriptional regulators alter chromatin structure to bring
about activation or repression of transcription.
Students will be able to explain how transcription factors act in eukaryotic cells and their role
in regulating gene expression in a combinatorial fashion to bring about cellular differentiation.
Students will gain an appreciation of the potential of different types of stem cells.
Students will be able to explain how different types of genetic misregulation can lead to
disease.

Reading/video requirements for the Module 6 i/tRAT November 13

Reading from Genetic Analysis: An Introductory Approach
o Chapter 15:Introduction and section 15.1
o Chapter 20: Introduction and section 20.1
Scitables article: Transcription Factors and Transcriptional Control in Eukaryotic Cells:
http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/transcription-factors-and-transcriptional-control-ineukaryotic-1046
Scitables article: The Complexity of Gene Expression, Protein Interaction, and Cell
Differentiation: http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/the-complexity-of-gene-expressionprotein-interaction-34575
Scitables article: Cell Division and Cancer: http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/celldivision-and-cancer-14046590
Stem Cells and Cancer: http://ludwigcenter.stanford.edu/overview/
Reading/Video requirements for November 18
Reading from Genetic Analysis: An Introductory Approach
o Chapter 20: Sections 20.2, 20.3
Scitables article: Hox Genes in Development: The Hox Code:
http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/hox-genes-in-development-the-hox-code-41402
Genes Control Body Segmentation video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OHR5K2o7uQU
(a bit hokey, but gets the information across)
JING on Inductive Signaling in C. elegans
Reading/Video requirements for November 20
Reading from Genetic Analysis: An Introductory Approach
o Chapter 20: Section 20.4
Human development: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UgT5rUQ9EmQ
Explore Stem Cells: http://www.explorestemcells.co.uk/StemCellSourcesCategory.html?
o Adult Stem Cells
o Adult vs Embryonic Stem Cells
iPS Cells: Where We Started and Where Were GoingPDF in Bb
Novas Stem Cells: Early Research video: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/body/stem-cellsresearch.html
JING(s) on Stem Cells

LG for Development and Disease

Unit 6, Fall 2014 BIOL 302
Reading/Video requirements for November 25
Scitable articles:
o Genetic Regulation of Cancer: http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/geneticregulation-of-cancer-891
o p53: The most frequently Altered Gene in Human Cancers:
http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/p53-the-most-frequently-altered-gene-in14192717
o Cell Cycle Control by Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressors: Driving the Transformation
of Normal Cells in Cancerous Cells: http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/cellcycle-control-by-oncogenes-and-tumor-14191459
All about MutationsPDF on Bb
Cell proliferation signaling pathway video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9NLCst72YtQ
Trinucleotide repeat animation: http://www.dnatube.com/video/12270/Tri-Nucleotide-RepeatAnimation
JING on cancer
Reading/Video requirements for December 2
NO ASSIGNED READINGTEAM COMPETITION REVIEW

Learning Objectives
November 13
Explain how transcription factors act in a combinatorial fashion to regulate gene expression.
Describe how regulated gene expression leads to cell differentiation.
November 11-14 (Discussion 11)
Explain the difference between spatial, temporal and conditional gene regulation with regards
to cellular differentiation.
Describe how microarray analysis works.
Analyze the results of a microarray experiment in the context of cellular differentiation.
November 18
Arrange the sequence of gene regulation events needed to specify individual segments of the
fruit fly.
Describe the inheritance pattern of maternal-effect genes.
Compare and contrast homeotic genes with homeobox containing genes.
Explain the role of cell-cell interactions in specifying cell fate in the nematode.
Explain shared developmental pathways that exist among diverse organisms, based on
evolutionary relatedness.
November 20
Predict the consequences of genetic mutations on the development process in Drosophila and
humans
Characterize the different types of stem cells, with regards to their developmental potential.
Describe the role chromatin structure plays in restricting cell fates.
Compare and contrast the amount of heterochromatin in stem cells versus differentiated cells.

LG for Development and Disease

Unit 6, Fall 2014 BIOL 302
November 18-21 (Discussion 12)
Explain how a mutation in a signal-transduction pathway can lead to cancer.
Explain how a mutation in a tumor suppressor gene can lead to cancer.
November 25
Explain how a mutation in a signal-transduction pathway can lead to cancer.
Explain the hypothesis of cancer stem cells.
Explain how a mutation in a tumor suppressor gene can lead to cancer.
Predict whether a cancer is caused by a mutation in a tumor-suppressor gene or in an oncogene
based on its effect on the cell cycle.
Describe the two models, unequal crossing over and hairpin-mediated polymerase slippage,
that may explain the expansion repeats seen in Huntington Disease

Key wordsterms the student should be able to define:

totipotent, pluripotent, induced pluripotent stem cell, determination, differentiation, egg-polarity genes,
segment-polarity genes, gap genes, pair-rule genes, morphogen, homeotic gene, homeobox,
homeodomain, homeotic complex (HOM-C), Hox gene, homeotic mutations, induction, inhibition,
*apoptosis, malignant tumor, metastasis, *oncogene, *tumor-suppressor gene, proto-oncogene,
haploinsufficiency, cyclin-dependent kinase, cyclin, signal-transduction pathway, unequal crossing
over, hairpin-mediated polymerase slippage, cancer stem cell, euchromatin, heterochromatin, inductive
signal, maternal effect
For terms with *: go to Talking glossary of genetic terms: http://www.genome.gov/Glossary/
Assignment due dates at a glance
Monday 11/17 (11:59 pm) Bb pre-class reading quiz #14
Wednesday 11/19 (11:59 pm) Bb pre-class reading quiz #15
Sunday 11/23 (11:59 pm) MG homework set #9
Tuesday 11/24 (11:59 pm) Bb pre-class reading quiz #16
Monday 12/1 (11:59 pm) MG homework set #10 (note date change, since no pre-reading quiz for 12/2)

Chapter Problems to Practice (not graded)

Chapter 15: 6, 12, 18
Chapter 20: 3, 4, 5, 13, 14,16, 20, 22