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I1 R1
and
I1 X 1
Rc1
and
Xm
E1 V1
. If
Io
current of the transformer (less than 5%). A further approximation of the equivalent
circuit can be made by removing the excitation branch, as shown in Fig.3.12b. The
equivalent circuit referred to side 2 is also shown in Fig.3.12c.
predict
the
behavior
R1 , X l1 , Rc1 , X m1 , R2 , X l 2
and
of
the
a N1 / N 2
transformer.
The
parameters
R1 , R2
copper wires, the total length, and the cross-sectional area of the winding. The
magnetizing inductances
Lm
winding and the reluctance of the magnetic path. The calculation of the leakage
inductance
Ll
Note that the core losses will be the same whether 110 volts are applied to the
low-voltage winding having the smaller number of turns or 1100 volts are applied
to the high-voltage winding having the larger number of turns. The core loss
depends on the maximum value of flux in the core.
(a)
(b)
Fig.3.13 No-load (or open-circuit) test. (a) Wiring diagram for open-circuit test.
(b) Equivalent circuit under open circuit
Rc1 and X m1
of
shunt branch can be neglected. The equivalent circuit with the secondary
short-circuited can thus be represented by the circuit shown in Fig.3.14b. Note that
since
2
2
Z eq1 Req
1 X eq1
rated current through the windings. It is convenient to perform this test by applying
a voltage to the high-voltage winding.
As can be seen from Fig.3.14b, the parameters
can be determined
R1 a 2 R2 R2
and
X l1 a 2 X l 2 X l2
Note that because the voltage applied under the short-circuit condition is small,
the core losses are neglected and the wattmeter reading can be taken entirely to
I12 Req1
Fig.3.14 Short-circuit test. (a) Wiring diagram for short-circuit test. (b).
Equivalent circuit at short-circuit condition.