Pablo Vaggione - Bloomberg Philantrophies 30 Oct 2015

TRANSFORMING YOUR CITY THROUGH
STRATEGIC SPATIAL PLANNING
PABLO VAGGIONE
Innovation Friday Webinar Session
PABLO VAGGIONE TRANSFORMING YOUR CITY
THROUGHOctober
STRATEGIC SPATIAL
Friday,
30, PLANNING
2015
AGENDA
1. Conceptual framework for strategic planning

2. Examples
Copenhagen
Curitiba
3. Conclusion: why planning is important
PABLO VAGGIONE TRANSFORMING YOUR CITY THROUGH STRATEGIC SPATIAL PLANNING
A TOOLKIT TO MANAGE A CITY'S FUTURE
A vision from 10,000 feet.
which guides action plans at street level
WHEN CITIES DO NOT MANAGE THEIR FUTURE
Planning is irrelevant, left behind by speed of urbanization

Quality of life is compromised
Urban value is not captured
Resources (land, energy, water) are over-consumed
Competitiveness is challenged
Reactive mode but patches do not tackle issues at their root

CITIES NEED TO PREPARE FOR GROWTH
Rapid urbanization carries significant challenges

Delivering basic infrastructure with limited financial resources
Informal settlements, high land consumption, inequality
Environmental drawbacks of (uncontrolled) growth
Transforming challenges into opportunities requires

Planning strategically - from vision to action
Creating conditions (regulatory/incentives) for implementation
Demonstrate ability to enforce the plan pilot projects
A SENSE OF DIRECTION
A SENSE OF DIRECTION
Where is your city now?

Where does your city want to be in 20-30 years?
What makes it special?
How to make the most of its attributes?
What external conditions may influence us?
What spatial strategy will lead to the desired direction?
How much will it cost to implement (and maintain)?
Who does what?
What adjustments to stay on track/ahead?
FROM VISION TO IMPLEMENTATION
1. Lead and facilitate a visioning process

2. Engage a broad range of stakeholders
3. Prepare a baseline of current conditions
4. Strategic planning exercise to choose preferred direction
5. Agree on the strategic goals to be achieved each year
6. Set indicators by which performance is to be measured
7. Develop a (binding) spatial plan to materialize the vision
8. Allocate resources through multi-annual budget
9. Create conditions (regulatory, etc) for implementability
10.Generate traction through pilot projects
PLANNING IS NOT AN END
A plan not executed is a waste of public resources

Signals inability to implement
Hampers credibility
May damage citys reputation
PLANNING AND BANKABILITY
Cities need to be investible

Credible roadmap: vision, action plan with civic support
Transparency and enabling business climate
Plans need to deliver quality of life at the right price point

Jobs, services, open space, civic amenities
Cost of implementing plan, phasing, opps for partnerships
A good plan can help reduce investment risk

Predictability of projects aligned with long-term vision
VISIONARY PLANNING
New York Commissioners Plan of 1811

Expansion area 20 x larger than existing city
Grid accommodates key technological
solutions in advance (electricity, tram, car)
Solid framework for phased investment
Flexible to accommodate density increase
Construction efficiency and affordability
Better ventilation and light reduce deceases
VISIONARY EXECUTION
Barcelonas 22@ District
In 2000 the city council re-zoned an
underused industrial area of 200 ha
Retrofitted with residential (18%), economic
activity (71%) institutional (11%) space
192m of public investment in infrastructure
mobilized 1.8bn private investment
Centralized public climate control (district
heating)
Pneumatic waste-collection network
Regulations indicate that hot water is to be
obtained through solar thermal energy and
electricity through photovoltaic energy
Fibber-optic telecommunications networks
Image source: Antonio Pascual
MANAGING SPATIAL GROWTH STRATEGICALLY

Key factors for a spatial framework
Mixed use
Avoid spatial mismatch
between jobs and residential
The right density

Implications on infrastructure
and public transport viability
Balance urban expansion

with livability
Public space and natural
areas is key for livability and
makes cities memorable
LAHORE
LAHORE
Built up area
increase at
least 3.55%
per year
*Between 2005 and 2014. Source: Urban Unit
All population figures are metro areas
Atlanta 5m
Barcelona 5m
London 13m
New York City 19m
Lahore 9m
Mexico City 21m
Illustrative simulation of Lahore

footprint in 2030 at current periurban density
THE RIGHT DENSITY?
Implications in infrastructure
and services provision
Low density (less 60p/ha): higher
capital cost per capita
Extreme high density (800p/ha +):
higher cost on maintenance
Implications on mobility
10 p/ha
30 p/ha
<30p/ha: bus PT not viable

>90p/ha: rail PT not viable
>150p/ha: walkable environment
350 p/ha
SPATIAL STRATEGIES TO MANAGE URBAN GROWTH
Polycentrism
Extension
Intensification
Not one or the other but a
combination of all strategies
Polycentrism
Polycentrism
Polycentrism
Polycentrism
Polycentrism
Indicated for rapid population

growth (2% +) for large cities
Needs coordination between
districts and municipalities
Needs public transport to link
satellites with core
Needs jobs and services in
satellites
Example: Shanghai, China
Plan 1999-2020
Extension
1. Calculate land needs for

20-30 years
Extension

20-30 years
2. Layout a grid of streets
Extension

20-30 years
3. Develop according to
demand
Extension

20-30 years
demand
Extension

20-30 years
demand
Extension
Indicated for rapid population

growth (2% +) for mediumsized cities
Needs political continuity to
implement a long-term plan
Needs understanding of
market to identify development
stages
Link with existing infrastructure
Example: Barcelona, Spain
Plan of 1859
Intensification
Intensification
1. Set a growth boundary
Intensification

2. Allow growth within
boundary only
Intensification

2. Allow growth within
boundary only
3. Designate reserve areas
Intensification
Suitable for slow

population growth
Preserving local
character is driver
Maximizes existing
investment in
infrastructure
Service centers to rural
productivity areas
Example: Metropolitan
Portland, USA
Examples
Copenhagen
Curitiba
COPENHAGEN PLAN 1947 THE FINGER PLAN
Post-WWII sprawling growth

Annexation of neighboring
villages without a spatial logic
A strong vision and simple

spatial idea to prevent sprawl
Vision created through a
participatory process
Easily communicated to both
politicians and citizens
Linked transport and land use

planning at a metro scale
Implemented over decades
Principles recognizable in the
2007 and 2013 Finger Plan
COPENHAGEN PLAN 1947 THE FINGER PLAN
Precursor to TOD
Rail corridors towards
historical villages in the
periphery
Wedges in between fingers
to remain as green areas
Each finger with small
communities of 10,000hab,
Shops, schools, etc built
around stations
Largely successful in
absorbing population
increase
COPENHAGEN
TODAY
Finger Plan
remains
legible in the
functional
structure
CURITIBA SPATIAL AND TRANSPORT PLANNING INTEGRATION
Significant rural migration

pressures population doubled
in the 50-60s
Population doubled again in the
1970's due to industrialization
Overcrowding and traffic
congestion in central area
Sprawling development in the
periphery
Lack of mass transport system
made commutes expensive and
long
THE 1966 MASTER PLAN
Spontaneous
growth
Growth through structural axes

Special zoning plans along axes
Commercial and residential
development for increased
population density to make
transport system financially
viable
Municipality acquired land and
reserved rights-of-way
3 parallel roads a block apart
Central road exclusively for
public transport
Planned
growth
BRT AND ZONING COORDINATION
Curitiba pioneered BRT in 1974

Dedicated lane, large capacity
buses, off-board payment,
stations expedite entry and exit
66% faster than conventional bus
Plan allocates higher Floor Area
Ratio (FAR) on structural axes
FAR along axes where BRT runs
is 6:1; and 4:1 along other routes
served by public transport
FAR decreases the further away
plots are from public transport
HIGHER FAR ON BRT AXES
CONTINUITY
The 1966 plan was consistently

implemented over several LG
administrations
Outcome - an efficient transport
system structures the city
Around 70% of commuters use
public transport daily
Curitiba grew from 361,000 in
1960 to 1.8 million in 2007
Managed to minimize congestion
in the central area and sprawling
development in the periphery
BETTER QUALITY OF LIFE
1970 less
than 1 sq
meter of
green space
per person
2002 52 sq
meters of
green space
per person
Concluding remarks
WHY STRATEGIC PLANNING IS IMPORTANT
Thriving cities have a vison and action plan for growth
Anticipating is more cost effective than reacting
Planning helps leaders to make an impact, step by step
A planned urban form makes a difference in quality of life
Planning has a positive impact on the urban economy
Regional planning helps cities attain efficiencies of scale
Plan continuity generates credibility
A strategic plan gives consistency to messages
Thank you
pablo@pablovaggione.com

Pablo Vaggione - Bloomberg Philantrophies 30 Oct 2015

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TRANSFORMING YOUR CITY THROUGH

STRATEGIC SPATIAL PLANNING

1. Conceptual framework for strategic planning

3. Conclusion: why planning is important

PABLO VAGGIONE TRANSFORMING YOUR CITY THROUGH STRATEGIC SPATIAL PLANNING

A TOOLKIT TO MANAGE A CITY'S FUTURE

A vision from 10,000 feet.

which guides action plans at street level

PABLO VAGGIONE TRANSFORMING YOUR CITY THROUGH STRATEGIC SPATIAL PLANNING

WHEN CITIES DO NOT MANAGE THEIR FUTURE

Planning is irrelevant, left behind by speed of urbanization

PABLO VAGGIONE TRANSFORMING YOUR CITY THROUGH STRATEGIC SPATIAL PLANNING

CITIES NEED TO PREPARE FOR GROWTH

Rapid urbanization carries significant challenges

Transforming challenges into opportunities requires

PABLO VAGGIONE TRANSFORMING YOUR CITY THROUGH STRATEGIC SPATIAL PLANNING

PABLO VAGGIONE TRANSFORMING YOUR CITY THROUGH STRATEGIC SPATIAL PLANNING

Where is your city now?

PABLO VAGGIONE TRANSFORMING YOUR CITY THROUGH STRATEGIC SPATIAL PLANNING

FROM VISION TO IMPLEMENTATION

1. Lead and facilitate a visioning process

PLANNING IS NOT AN END

A plan not executed is a waste of public resources

PABLO VAGGIONE TRANSFORMING YOUR CITY THROUGH STRATEGIC SPATIAL PLANNING

PLANNING AND BANKABILITY

Cities need to be investible

Plans need to deliver quality of life at the right price point

A good plan can help reduce investment risk

PABLO VAGGIONE TRANSFORMING YOUR CITY THROUGH STRATEGIC SPATIAL PLANNING

New York Commissioners Plan of 1811

PABLO VAGGIONE TRANSFORMING YOUR CITY THROUGH STRATEGIC SPATIAL PLANNING

PABLO VAGGIONE TRANSFORMING YOUR CITY THROUGH STRATEGIC SPATIAL PLANNING

Image source: Antonio Pascual

MANAGING SPATIAL GROWTH STRATEGICALLY

The right density

Balance urban expansion

PABLO VAGGIONE TRANSFORMING YOUR CITY THROUGH STRATEGIC SPATIAL PLANNING

*Between 2005 and 2014. Source: Urban Unit

PABLO VAGGIONE TRANSFORMING YOUR CITY THROUGH STRATEGIC SPATIAL PLANNING

All population figures are metro areas

New York City 19m

Mexico City 21m

PABLO VAGGIONE TRANSFORMING YOUR CITY THROUGH STRATEGIC SPATIAL PLANNING

PABLO VAGGIONE TRANSFORMING YOUR CITY THROUGH STRATEGIC SPATIAL PLANNING

Illustrative simulation of Lahore

THE RIGHT DENSITY?

<30p/ha: bus PT not viable

SPATIAL STRATEGIES TO MANAGE URBAN GROWTH

PABLO VAGGIONE TRANSFORMING YOUR CITY THROUGH STRATEGIC SPATIAL PLANNING

PABLO VAGGIONE TRANSFORMING YOUR CITY THROUGH STRATEGIC SPATIAL PLANNING

PABLO VAGGIONE TRANSFORMING YOUR CITY THROUGH STRATEGIC SPATIAL PLANNING

PABLO VAGGIONE TRANSFORMING YOUR CITY THROUGH STRATEGIC SPATIAL PLANNING

PABLO VAGGIONE TRANSFORMING YOUR CITY THROUGH STRATEGIC SPATIAL PLANNING

Indicated for rapid population

PABLO VAGGIONE TRANSFORMING YOUR CITY THROUGH STRATEGIC SPATIAL PLANNING

1. Calculate land needs for

PABLO VAGGIONE TRANSFORMING YOUR CITY THROUGH STRATEGIC SPATIAL PLANNING

1. Calculate land needs for

PABLO VAGGIONE TRANSFORMING YOUR CITY THROUGH STRATEGIC SPATIAL PLANNING

1. Calculate land needs for

1. Calculate land needs for

1. Calculate land needs for

Indicated for rapid population

PABLO VAGGIONE TRANSFORMING YOUR CITY THROUGH STRATEGIC SPATIAL PLANNING