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Gritical-current
exchangefieldandthicknessof the ferromagnetic
metal(F) in an S-F Josephsoniunction
andS. V. Panyukov
A. L Buzdin,L. N. Bulaevskil,
of theUSSR
of Sciences
Institute,Academy
Physics
P. N. Lebedeu
(Submitted19December1981)
Pis'maZh. Eksp.Teor.Fiz. 35, No. 4,147-148(20February1982)
The Josephsoncurrent in an,S-.F-Sjunction is calculatedfor a short weak link.
The current amplitudedependsin an oscillatorymanneron the exchangefreld of
the pure ferromagneticmetal. When certain conditions are satisfiedin a
superconductingring with an ^s-r-.s junction, the energy minimum of the
current and magneticflux.
systemcorrespondsto the statewith spontaneous
PACSnumbers:74.50.+ r,74.44.ik
of the current
junctionsthe oscillatorydependence
Josephson
In standard,S-1/,S
phases
of the elecof the interferenceof the
on the magneticfield is a consequence
tronsof a Cooperpair,which aredeterminedby the vectorpotential. Weshallshow
metal-superferromagnetic
that this interferenceappearsin a superconductor-pure
of the electronsin tlte Cooperpair are
conductorjunction, but in this casethe phases
junctions
metal. The,S-F-.S
field of the ferromagnetic
determinedby the exchange
fieldsin pureferromagteticmetals.
exchange
canthereforebe usedto investigate
Weshallexaminean S-F-Sjunction with the geometrystrownin Fig. l, which
I of the ferro'
that the thickness
to the ODSEEmodel.l Weassume
corresponds
superconducting
the
with
small
compared
are
dimension
magnetandits transverse
correlationlengtho andwith the electronmeanfreepathlengthl, i.e.,L 11d
interactionparameter
(!o (/. Wealsoassume
that the effectiveelectron-phonon
the system,we
describe
To
ferromagnet.
zerc
in
the
of the BCSmodelis equalto
pairing
df
eleqtrons
singlet
equationswith
usethe Eulenberger
,
(t+in *
I
i
a \
u, L^) ff rt= a{x)s7),ff + s' : t,
-,,L*)
( + in -
(l)
0021-3640182104178-03$1.00
178
trons there is the exchangeinteraction hrl/*(r) o lQ),where 7 are the Pauli mat r i c e s , a n d 0 * a n d r y ' a r e e l e c t r o n o p e r a t oIrnst.h i s r e g i o n t h e g f u n c t i o n d e s c r i b e s
the electron motion with projection of the spin (-1r5)on the axis parallel to /t. The
influenceof the magneticfield on the electronmotion resultsin the replacementof
9 by the gradient-invariantphasedifference.
The solution of Eqs. (l) in region I and 3 has the form of an exponentialfuncIn region2 we find
tion with the exponents0, tSr/lZrcl, and S)= ,/e +F
^
f2( x) =Cse
-2
2(a+ih)xlv
1u+ih)x/v,
fi(x)
=Coe
(2)
whereC6 andCj are constants.Taking into accountthe boundednessof the functions/ and/+ at infinity and their continuity at the boundariesof regions| , 2 and
By usingit we can easilycalculatethe
2,3,we determinethe function g'(.,rt).
current1.(p) that flows through the contact:
n a a 2*
r,(va)=
*^r :=
dy I
r-,
L*-
A.*(& -yy2)
th
2T
qiy
+ sin-th
2
A cq,(,p+D.:2)
2T
(3)
wherea=2lhV, fvp, andR1,'is-the resistanceof the weak link in the normal state.
The familiar expressionfcn the Josephsoncurrent in a short, weak ,S-i/-Slink follows
from Eq. (3) for a = 0.1'2
The currentIs(p,a) oscillatesas a function of ,pand c. The Is(p,a) dependence
is simplifiednear 7", where
nLz
I " ("s' , a ) = s
kRNT
- dy
F ( a ) s i nq , F ( a ) : a 2 I i ; c o s y .
o /'
JETPLett,Vol.35,No.4,20 February1982
Buzdin et al.
179
h
FIG.2. Dependence
of themaximumJosephson
currenton the temperature
in anS-f'-Sjunction
f o r t h e p a r a m e t e r s , T "Kx,4@ = 1 0 K , h o x3 0 0 K , a n d u F - 2 Xl 0 t c m / s e c ( s h o w n s c h e m a t i cally).
The oscillations of the maximum current as a function of c can be detected experimentally from the temperature dependenceof 1", since the exchangefield in
the ferromagnet changeswith the temperature. We shall examine a ferromagnetic
with a RKKI interactionand a Curie point @. For this case,fts = 1/@ep,where ep
is the Fermi energyin the ferromagneticmetal, and fte is the exchangefield at Z=0.
SettingF - | eY,T"x4K,@< 10 K, andL x l0-3 cm, we find large,nonmono'
tonic variations of the current 1" by changingthe temperature by about 0.5 K. Figure 2 showssdrematically the I"(T) dependencefor the parametersT"N 4 K,
@ t l 0 K , h s x 3 0 0 K , a n d v p = 2 X l O 7c m / s e c .
We note that a closedsuperconductingring with an S-f'-.Sjunction inserted into
it has a spontaneouscurrent and magretic flux in the ground state if F(a) ( 0 and
the ring inductanceis sufficiently large.3
We wish to thank V. V. Schmidt for discussions,which stimulated the study of
the propertiesof the S-F-Sjunction. We alsowish to thank G. F. Zharkov, A. D.
Zukin,D. A. Kirzhnin, and D. E. Khmel'nitskii for a useful discussionof the work.
Usp.Fiz.Nauk127,185(1979).
1.K. K. Likharev,
Fiz.Nizk.Temp.3, 945(1977)[Sov.J' Low Temp'
2. I. O. KulikandA. N. Omel'yanchuk,
) 4 ,r 4 2( 1 9 18 ) 1 . ,
P h y s3. ,4 5 9( r 9 7 7 );l 4 , 2 9 6( 1 9 7 8 1
Pis'maZh: Eksp.Teor.Fiz.25,314(1977)
V. V. Kuzii andA. A. Sobyanin,
3. L. N. Bulaevskil,
(1987)1.
Lett.
25,290
[JETP
by EugeneR. Heath
Translated
l;ditedby S.J. Amoretty
180
JETPLett,Vol.35,No.4,20 February1982
Buzdin et al.
180