PETE 310

Lectures # 11
Real Gases from SPE 26668

SPE Paper 26668

Real Gas Equation
Evaluation of Ppc & Tpc when composition
is known
Evaluation of Ppc & Tpc when gas specific
gravity is known
New ways of handling corrections for N2,
CO2, H2S

This Methodology Replaces Book

Method
Corrections for impurities MUST be
handled using the method in paper
Determination of Ppc and Tpc from this
paper replaces method in book
Watch for equations to be used in THIS
PRESENTATION

Pseudocritical Properties
Defined once K and J are evaluated

Different methods to evaluate K and J

Given compositions
Given specific gravities only

Corrections for non-hydrocarbon components is included

in expressions

Pseudocritical Properties
Compositions known & C7+ includes corrections for
H2S, N2 and CO2
and

Pseudocritical Properties
Watch index !!!

And
In this order

Pseudocritical Properties
Compositions known including corrections for H2S,
N2 and CO2

And
In this order

Coefficients in Equation 4

Pseudocritical Properties
Specific gas gravity & composition of
impurities is known

i = H2S, N2 and CO2- 3 major impurities)

Coefficients in Equation 6

Note on Gas Gravity

Do not confuse this Gas Gravity with the
gas gravity at reservoir conditions

R2 - Statistical Evaluation of Goodness

of Fit (How well you fit the data)
n

SSR

(Yi Y )2

i 1
n

SSE

(Yi

Yi )2

sum of squares of (predicted average)

sum of errors squared
(true value predicted value)

i 1

SSY

SSR SSE

Coefficien t of Determinat ion

SSR
SYY

When R2 is close to 1 SSE is close to zero!

sum of errors squared is nearly zero

Appreciate Estimates

A Faster Procedure (but less accurate)

Given gas specific gravity read J
Given compositions of N2, CO2, H2S correct
J using charts
J = J + sum(Correction_i)
Note the corrections are negative

A Faster Procedure (but less accurate)

Given gas specific gravity read K
Given compositions of N2, CO2, H2S correct
K using charts
K = K + sum(Correction_i)
Note the corrections are negative

The Chart for J

The Corrections for J

The Chart & Corrections for K

The Procedure
Determine Tpc and Ppc
Given gas composition
Given gas gravity & compositions of
impurities

At given p and T determine Tpr and Ppr

Determine z for the gas requested

Evaluate z-factor

Practical Applications
Sequester CO2 in depleted reservoirs
Design gas storage equipment (cylinders,
tanks)

Transportation
Material balance in Reservoir Engineering
(PETE 323)

Exercise in Class
Determine the density of an acid gas at
3,500 psia and 220 oF
The gas contains 5% CO2 and 15% H2S and
has a specific gravity of 1.4

Questions to think
What errors could you have in your
predictions if the corrections for
impurities are neglected?
How good are these new correlations
compared with the existing ones?

READ SPE 26668 paper for additional

details