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Mrunal(GS3)Cleanenergy:FloatingSolarPlants,AgnisumukhLPG

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[Energy]DeenDayalGramJyoti,NationalLEDProgram,
SyntheticGas,FloatingSolarplants,AgnisumukhLPG
PostedByMrunalOn27/01/2015@11:50pmInEnvironment|37Comments

1. DeendayalUpadhyayaGramJyotiYojana
2. LEDSchemesunderModiraj
1. TheoryCFLvsLEDvsBulblights?
2. #1:NationalProgramforLEDstreetlights&homelights
3. #2:DELP:DelhiwalloLEDleloYojana
3. Floatingsolarpowerplant
4. SyntheticGas&CNRRao
5. AgnisumukhLPGstove
6. Directsaleofbiodieselbymanufacturers
7. Misc.Developments
8. MockQuestions

DeendayalUpadhyayaGramJyotiYojana(DDLJDDUGJY)
When? Cabinetclearedtheschemein2014,November.
Which Notannouncedyet.Althoughmostlikelypowerministrybecausethey
ministry? implementedRajivGandhiGraminVidhutikaranYojanaearlier.

SalientFeatures?
1. Separateagricultureandruralhomeelectricitysupplylines.(separateagriculture
andnonagriculturefeeders).
2. Improveruralelectricityinfrastructure,setupelectricitymeters,useICTenabled
smartgrids.
3. 24x7electricitytoallhouseholdsby2019.
4. AndmostimportantlytostopRajivGandhiGrameenVidhyutikaranYojana.
(becausetwoswordscantstayinonescabbard.)
5. Costover40,000crorerupees.
6. Stateelectricitydistributioncompanieswillbegivencontractsbuttheyvetofinish
projectswithin2years.

LEDSchemesunderModiraj
TheoryCFLvsLEDvsBulblights?

Filament
Bulb

Electriccurrentheatsuptungstenmetalandtheyglow.Theyare
coveredwithglasstopreventaircontactotherwisetungstenwillbe
oxidized.
InertArgongasaddedtopreventTungstenevaporation.
Halogenbulbshavesomehalogengas(likeChlorine,Bromine)to
prolonglifebecausetheydeposittheevaporatedtungstenbacktothe
filament.
LED88%moreefficient&50xmorelifecyclethanbulb
Electronspassthroughmercurygasatlowpressure.
ThisgasemitsUVlight

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Tube
light

LED

InnerFluorescentwhitephosphorcoatingofthetube,willturnthisUV
lightintovisiblelight.
LED50%moreefficient&810timesmorelifecyclethanCFL.

Lightemittingdiodes(LED)useSemiConductorstoemitlight,when
DCcurrentpassed.
BlueLEDinventorswonNobel2014.clickmeformore

#1:NationalProgramforLEDstreetlights&homelights
Purpose
InstallLEDbulbsasstreetlightsandhomelights
Deadline
March2015toMarch2016.
Coverage
100cities.
Benefit?
24croreenergyunitswillbesaved.
WhyinNews? ModilaunchedinJan.2015

#2:DELP:DelhiwalloLEDleloYojana
DomesticEfficientLightingProgramme(DELP).
ByDelhiGovernment,TataPower,BSESYamnuaetc.
TheyprovideLEDbulbatacheappriceusingonbillfinancingmodel.
AssuchoneLEDbulbcosts~350600rupeesinopenmarket.
Butthisgrouppurchasedbulbsinbulkhenceverycheapforthem.
TheyllsellittoyouatRs.130perbulb.(Rs.10upfront,remaining120in12easy
installmentsofRs.10eachinyourlightbill.)Onecustomercangetmax.2LED
bulbs.
Toavailthisscheme,youvetoregisterateeslindia.org/DelhiLaunchorbysendingan
SMStoa7042299688.
Witheverybulb,youcansaveRs.162inelectricitybilleveryyear.Bulbcanrunfor
3years.
WhyinNews?ModilaunchedthisschemeinJanuary2015.

FodderfromModisLEDspeech
Powercanbeproducedinlargequantitybystaffoffewhundredpeople.
Buttosavethatmuchamountofelectricity,weneedcroresofpeopletochange
theirlifestylehabits.
But,Itismuchmoreeconomicaltoconservepower,thantoproducepower.
Mustinvolvecelebrities,eminentcitizenstocreatejuntaawareness.
OnnewyearinsteadofgivinggiftslikediariesandcalendarsbettergiveLEDsare
gifts!
Sameway,CompaniescoulddistributeLEDbulbsalongwithdividendpaymentsto
theirshareholders.
ThisDelhiwalloLEDleloYojanashouldbereplicatedinothertownswith
populationof1lakhandabove.

#2:Floatingsolarpowerplant

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Where?
1. W.Bengal:10KWplantoverwater,nearRajarhatNewTown.(inaugurationinJan
2015)
RaftfittedwithHollowdrumstofloatonwater.Solarcellsinstalledoverthe
raft.
FundingfromMinistryofnewandrenewableenergy.
2. Gujarat:solarcellsinstalledaboveNarmadaCanal.EvenUNSecretaryGeneral
BankKiMoonlikedthisidea.

Benefitsoffloatingsolarplants?
Waterconservation:becausetheseplantscutoffsunlightfromwater,thuswater
evaporationreducedfromcanalsanddamreservoirs.
Duringdryseason,hydroelectricoutputdeclinesfromdam.Iffloatingsolarpanels
installedoverdamreservoirs,itcanpreventshortfallinelectricityoutput.+no
additionalmanpowerrequiredforchowkidaari.
Suchsolarplantshavehigherefficiencybecauserelativelycoolertemperaturein
waterbodies=higherefficiencyofsolarcell.100sq.metersoffloatingsolarcells
cangenerate10MW.
Shortageofland,andgiventhestringentnormsinerstwhileLARR2013act,itwas
difficulttoacquirelandanyways!
Criticism
NGOssaychemicalsfromsolarcells,willcontaminatewater.
Panelsobstructsunlightfromwaterbodies,itmaynegativelyaffecttheflorafauna
inlongterm.

SyntheticGas&CNRRao

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CNRRaosmethodcandothiswithoutneedingveryhightemperature

WhatisSyntheticgas?
Syntheticgas=Carbonmonoxide+hydrogengas.Andbecauseofthishydrogen,
isfarsuperiorandcleanfuel.
Syntheticgasismadefromcoalandwater.
WhataretheapplicationsofSyntheticgas?
1. Vehiclefuel.
2. Intermediateforcreatingsyntheticnaturalgas
3. Methanolandammoniaproduction.
WhatrethechallengesinSyntheticgasproduction?
1. First,Wevetosplitcarbonmonoxidefromcoal,andhydrogenfromwater.This
procedurerequiresveryhightemperature(~1440Celsius),henceveryexpensive.
2. ButBharatRatnarecipientDr.C.N.R.Raoisworkingonanewmethodtoproduce
itat~900Celcius,usingachemicalcompoundcalledLanthanumCalcium
Manganate.
3. Ifwereducethetemperaturerequirementfurther,wecanusesolarplantstoprovie
theheatforsynthesisofthisgas.

AgnisumukhLPGstove

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Designedby
IncomeTaxofficerHariRao
Manufacturedby Agnisumukh,aBengalurubasedcompany.
BenefitsofAgnisumukhLPGstove?
Whenswitchedon,stovesceramicburnerturnsorangered,&producesuniform
heatlikecharcoal.
Hencetherearenoflames,noincompletecombustion.
Uniformheatingofutensil,sopropercookingoffood.Cooksfasterandsaves
~50%gas,leavesnosootorsmoke.
Itstemperaturecanbecontrolled,itcanbeturnedoffwithatimerlikea
microwave.
Ifthereisgasleak,Itcansentalertviacall/sms.
Atpresentmeantforindustrialpurpose,domesticproductclearanceawaited.
Question:WhyLPGstovegoodbutLPGcarbad?
LPGproducedfromfossilfuels.Mixofvarioushydrocarbons,varyingcomposition,
notsuitableforvehicleengines.
LPGheavierthanair,sosettlesdownwhenthereisaleakage.Hence,dangerous
forvehicles.
So,betteruseCNG(compressednaturalgas)isusedinvehicles.

Directsaleofbiodieselbymanufacturers
2014:Railbudgetpermitted5%blendingofBiodieselwith(real)diesel.Butthiswouldbe
fruitlessIFrailwaycantgetbiodieselinlargequantityataffordableprice.
Before
OnlyfollowingentitiescouldsellBiodiesel
1. PSUoilcompanies
2. Privatecompanieswithover2000crore
rupeesinoilinfrastructure.
Result:supplybottlenecks,forPSUoil
companythecostofbiodieselproductionhigher
than(real)dieselMRP.

AfterJan2015liberalization
Modicabinetallowedfollowing
entitiestosellbiodieseltoendusers
suchasRailways
1. Privatebiodiesel
manufacturers
2. Jointventurecompanies

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Misc.Developments

BioBus
inUK

Discarded
Laptop
batteries

GenECOcompanyplantconvertsfoodwasteandsewageintogas,
throughanaerobicdigestion(meanswithoutoxygen),similartodesi
gobargasplants.
Thisgasisfilledupinthebus.Buscancarry~40passengers,to
~300kmusing1fulltankofgas.
Produceslessemissionthanconventiondieselengine,hencegood
forurbanairquality.
Insteadofusingnewbatteries,IBMscientistsusedoldlithiumion
batteriesfromdiscardedlaptopsaftertweakingthem.
SuccessfultestinginBangaloreslums.
Everyyear,over50millionlaptopbatteriesdiscarded,and70%of
themcanbeusedforrunningLEDlights.

MockQuestions
Q1.CorrectStatementsaboutDinDayalGramJyotiYojana
A. ItisacomponentoftheRajivGandhiGrameenVidhyutikaranYojana
B. Itaimstoprovide247electricitytoruralhouseholdsby2016.
C. Itaimstosetupcombinedfeedersforagricultureandnonagriculturepurposefor
costefficientoperationsinruralareas.
Answerchoices
A. Only1and2
B. Only2and3
C. Only1and3
D. Noneofthem
Q2.Whataretheadvantagesoffloatingsolarplant?
1. Waterconservation
2. Preventeutrophication
3. Higherefficiencythangroundbasedsolarpanels.
Answerchoices
A. Only1and2
B. Only2and3
C. Only1and3
D. Noneofthem
Q3.Whyarewaterfloatingsolarpanelsconsideredmoreefficientthanlandbased
solarpanels?
A. Theycantraplatentheatfromsurroundingwatertogenerateadditionalelectricity.
B. Theyperformathigherefficiencyunderthecooltemperatureduettosurrounding
water.
C. BothAandB
D. NeitherAnorB
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Q4.Sunlightisanexampleof
A. fluorescence
B. XRayemission
C. Incandescence
D. Noneofabove
Q5.Fluorescenttubelightscontain___gasat____pressure.
A. argon,high
B. argon,low
C. mercury,low
D. mercury,high
Q6.Inafluorescenttubelightwhenelectronicspassthroughthetube,thegas
insidethetubegenerates___.
A. Florescence
B. visiblelight
C. IRlight
D. UVlight
Q7.AnLEDbulbuses____toemitlightandworkson___current.
A. halogen,AC
B. halogen,DC
C. Semiconductors,AC
D. Semiconductors,DC
Q8.Considerfollowingstatements:
A. NobelChemistryprizefor2014wasgivenforinventionofBlueLED.
B. WithoutinventionofBlueLED,wecouldnevergetwhiteLEDbulbs.
C. BlueLEDsuseIndiaumGalliumNitridesemiconductor.
Answerchoices
A. Only1and2
B. Only2and3
C. Only1and3
D. Noneofthem
Q9.CorrectstatementsaboutSyntheticgas
A. Itcanbeusedinproductionofmethanol
B. ItcontainsartificiallysynthesizedMethaneandPropanegases.
C. BothAandB
D. NeitherAnorB
Q10whatarethespecialtiesofanAgnisumukhLPGstove?
A. Itproducespurestformofblueflame,therebygivingmaximumheatoutputfor
givenamountofgas.
B. Itcanwarntheuserincaseofgasleakage.
C. BothAandB
D. NeitherAnorB
Q11.Findcorrectstatements
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A. Iffilamentbulbwasfilledwithpureoxygeninsteadofargon,itsproductlifewill
increase.
B. Iffilamentbulbwasfilledwithchlorineinsteadofargon,itsproductlifewill
decrease.
C. BothAandB
D. NeitherAnorB
Q12.Inafluorescenttubelight,ifmercurygaswasreplacedwithneongas,and
thewhitecoatingwasremoved,whatwillhappenwhenthelightisswitchedon?
A. Bluelight
B. Yellowlight
C. Redlight
D. Nothingwillhappen.
Q13.Inafluorescenttubelight,ifweremovethewhitecoatingandthenturnthe
lightson,whatwillyouget?
A. Roombacteriawilldie
B. Yourskinwillgettannedcolorwithprolongedexposure.
C. BothAandB
D. NeitherAnorB
Q14.Findincorrectstatements
1. IndustriallicenseisrequiredtoproducebiodieselinIndia.
2. BiodieselcanbeobtainedfromSoyabean,Jatropha,MustardandPalmoil
3. Indianrailwaypermits10%blendingofbiodieselwithrealdiesel.
Answerchoices
A. Only1and2
B. Only2and3
C. Only1and3
D. Allofthem
(GS3)DiscussthesignificanceofDeendayalUpadhyayaGramJyotiYojanaand
NationalProgramforLEDstreetlights&homelightsforenergyconservationinIndia.
(200words)

ArticleprintedfromMrunal:http://mrunal.org
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