Solutions to some problems from Problem Sets 27

Problem set 2
1. Let D be the region inside the unit circle centered at the origin. Decide
without calculation whether the integrals are positive, negative, or zero.
(j) D xex dA. Solution. The region D is symmetric both with respect
to x and y axes. Looking at the contributions to the integral of the function f (x, y) = xex , we can see that any contribution made by the point
(x, y), where x > 0, is greater than the corresponding contribution made by
(x, y), since ex > 1 > ex for x > 0. Thus, the integral of f in the region
D isR positive.
(k) D xy 2 dA. Solution. The function xy 2 is odd with respect to x and
the region D is symmetric with respect to x. Thus, the integral is equal to
zero.
R

Problem set 3
2. (c) Find the volume under the graph of f (x, y) = x + y and above the
region y 2 x, 0 x 9, y 0.

Solution. The region of integration R is bounded by the curve y = x

from above, by the line x = 9, and by the line y = 0. Thus,
Z 9 Z x

(x + y) dA =
R

(x + y) dy dx
0

x


=
xy + y 2 /2 dx

0
0
Z 9
Z 9

3/2

5/2

+ x/2 dx = (2/5)x

9


+ x /4 = 117.45

2

Problem set 4R R
x
3. (b) Convert 0 6 x
dy dx to polar coordinates and evaluate.
Solution. The region ofintegration R is the triangle bounded by the lines
y = x, y = x and x = 6. Since the angle between the x-axis and the line
y = x is /4 and the angle between the x-axis and the line y = x is /4,
changes from /4 to /4. We can
find the limits for the radius r from
the right triangle with the angle : 6/r = cos . Thus, we have
Z /4 Z 6/ cos

Z 6 Z x

dy dx =
0

r dr d
/4 0

Z /4

=
/4

/4


3

d
=
3
tan

= 6.

2

cos
/4

R R
2
3. (b) Convert 0 2 y 4y xy dx dy to polar coordinates and evaluate.
Solution. The region of integration R is the sector of the disc of radius 2
with angle /4 bounded by the lines y = x, y = 0 and by the arc of the
circle x2 + y 2 = 4. Since the angle between the x-axis and the line y = x is
/4, changes from 0 to /4. Obviously, r goes from 0 to 2. Thus, we have
Z
Z
Z Z
4y 2

/4

r3 cos sin dr d

xydx dy =
0

Z /4
sin(2)

= 4

r4 
 d
4 0

Z /4
sin(2)

/4


d = cos(2)
= 1.

0

4. Find the volume of an ice cream

cone bounded by the hemisphere z =
p
p
8 x2 y 2 and the cone z = x2 + y 2 .
Solution. Find first where the hemisphere and the cone intersect:
z=

x2

y2

x2 + y 2 x2 + y 2 = 4,

z = 4.

The volume of the ice cream cone has two parts. The first part (which is
the volume of the cone) is the volume of the solid bounded by the plane
2
2
2
zR = 2 and
p the cone z = x + y . Hence, this volume is given by V1 =
2
2
x + y ) dA, where where R is the disk of radius 2 centered at the
R (2
origin, in the xy-plane. Using polar coordinates, we have:
Z 2 Z 2

V1 =
0

(2 r)r dr d

2


= 2(r r /3) = 2(4 8/3) = 8/3.

2

The second part is the volume of the region above

the plane z = 2 but inside
R p
the sphere x2 +y 2 +z 2 = 8, which is given by R ( 8 x2 y 2 2) dA where
R is the same disk as before. Now
V2 =

Z 2 Z 2 p

( 8 r2 2)r dr d

Z 2 Z 2 p
0

8 r2 r dr d

2r dr d
0

Z 2 Z 2 p
1
0

Z 2 Z 2

8 r2 dr2 d

0
2 Z 2

2r dr d
0



1


= 2 ( (8 r2 )3/2  2 r2 


3
0
0
2 3/2
3/2
=
(8 4 ) 8.
3

Thus, the volume of the ice cream cone is given by

V = V1 + V2 = 8/3 +

2 3/2
(8 43/2 ) 8 = 32( 2 1)/3.
3

Problem set 5
2. Find the volume of the region bounded by z = x + y, z = 10, and the
planes x = 0, y = 0.
Solution. The region of integration W is the pyramid with the triangular
base in the plane z = 10. The vertices are at the points (0, 0, 0), (0, 10, 10),
(10, 0, 10), and (0, 0, 10). If we choose the outer integral with respect to z,
then z changes from 0 to 10. In the cross-section by the plane z = z0 we
have triangle with vertices at (0, 0), (0, z0 ), and (z0 , 0) in the xy-coordinate
plane. This triangle is bounded by the lines x = 0, y = 0 and x + y = z0
in the xy-coordinate plane. It means that the limits on the middle integral
with respect to x are from 0 to z and the limits on the inner integral are
from 0 to z x. Thus, we have
Z 10 Z z Z zx

dV
W

Z 10 Z z

dy dx dz =

=
0

(z x) dx dz

0
0
z
Z 10
Z 10

2
1
500
x 
z 2 dz =
.
=
zx  dz =

2
2
3
0
0
0

4. Find the volume of the region bounded by the planes z = 3y, z = y,

z = 1, x = 1, and x = 2.
Solution. Since the cross-sections of the region of integration by the plane
x = x0 are triangles bounded by the lines z = 1, z = y, and z = 3y, the
volume is given by
Z 2Z 1Z z

Z
W

Z 2Z 1

dy dz dx =

dV =
1

z/3

(2z)/3 dz dx = 1/3.
1

5. Find the volume of the region bounded by z = x+y, 0 x 5, 0 y 5,

and the planes x = 0, y = 0, and z = 0.
Solution. The solid is a pyramid with the base in the plane x + y = 5 and
vertices at (5, 0, 0), (0, 5, 0), (5, 0, 5), (0, 5, 5), and (0, 0, 0). The base is a
rectangle. Other 4 edges are triangles. Three of them belong to the planes
x = 0, y = 0, and z = 0. The fourth edge is in the plane x + y = z.
If we choose the outer integral with respect to z, then z changes from 0 to
5. If we fix some z = z0 , then we have to integrate the inner double integral
over the trapezoid with vertexes at (0, z0 ), (0, 5), (z0 , 0) and (5, 0) in the xyplane. This integral can be expressed as the difference between the integral
over the trianlge with vertices at (0, 0), (0, 5), (5, 0) and the integral over
3

the triangle with vertices at (0, 0), (0, z0 ), (z0 , 0) in the xy-coordinate plane.
Thus, here is the triple integral for the volume of the pyramid:
Z 5 Z 5 Z 5x

Volume =
0

dy dx

Z z Z zx

0
0
5 Z 5

dy dx
0

(5 x) dx

=
0

0
z

dz

(z x) dx

dz

Z 5

=
0

25 z 2

2
2

dz =

125
.
3

Problem set 7
3. (a) Convert the following triple integral to spherical coordinates:
Z 2 Z 3 Z r

r dz dr d.
0

(b) Evaluate either the original integral or your answer to part (a).
Solution.
(a) The region of integration is the region between the cone
p
2
z = x + y 2 , the xy-plane and the cylinder x2 + y 2 = 9 with the radius
r = 3. In spherical coordinates, r = 3 becomes sin = 3, so = 3/ sin .
The angle changes from /4 to /2, since we consider the outer part of
the cone between the cone and the cylinder. Thus, the integral becomes
Z 2 Z /2 Z 3/ sin
0

/4

2 sin d d d.

(b) The original integral is easier to evaluate. We have

Z 2 Z 3 Z r

r dz dr d
0

2


= 2
rz  dr

0
0
Z 3
Z 3

3

= 2
(2r) dr = 2r  = 18.

0
0

5. Let W be a cone topped by the sphere of radius 2 centered at the origin

(see the figure).

Write the limits of integration for W dV in the following coordinates:

(a) Cartesian; (b) Cylindrical; (c) Spherical.
Solution.
The sphere is given by the equation x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 4 and the
cone has the
equation z 2 = x2 + y 2 . Thus, they intersect in the plane z = 2. The region
of intersection R is the disc x2 + y 2 = 2.
2
2
(a) Choose the outer integral

with respect2 to x.2 Since R is the disc x +y =

2, x changes from
2 to 2. Since x + y = 2 on the border of R, y
changes from 2 x2 to 2 x2 . To find the limits on z, we have to look
at the equations of the sphere and of the
p cone. The lower limit on z is taken
from the equation of the cone: z = px2 + y 2 and the upper limit follows
from the equation of the sphere: z = 4 x2 y 2 . Thus, we have
Z Z
Z
2x2

4x2 y 2

2 2x2

dz dy dx
x2 +y 2

2
2
(b) Since the
region of intersection R is the disc x + y = 2, r changes
from 0 to 2 and goes from 0 to 2. The limits on z can be found
from the equations of the sphere and of p
the cone, taking into account that
2
2
2
x +py = r . The
lower limit is z = x2 + y 2 = r, the upper limit is
2
2
z = 4 x y = 4 r2 . Thus we have

Z 2 Z 2 Z 4r2

r dz dr d.
0

(c) Since the lower part of the solid is a cone x2 + y 2 = z 2 , changes from 0
to /4. changes from 0 to 2, since the upper part of the solid is spherical
with radius 2. Obviously, changes from 0 to 2. Thus, we get
Z 2 Z /4 Z 2
0

2 sin d d d.