ETS National Assessment Framework

Mathematics

Grade 3 Grade 4 Grade 5 Grade 6 Grade 7 Grade 8

NUMBER SENSE AND OPERATIONS

Number Sense
M.3.NS.1.1 Count, read, and M.4.NS.1.1 Count, read, and M.5.NS.1.1 Count, read, and
write whole numbers to 10,000 write whole numbers to millions write whole numbers to millions
and decimals to hundredths. and decimals to hundredths. and decimals to thousandths.
M.3.NS.1.2 Compare and order M.4.NS.1.2 Compare and order
M.5.NS.1.2 Compare and order M.6.NS.1.1 Compare and order M.7.NS.1.1 Compare and order M.8.NS.1.1 Compare and order
whole numbers to 10,000 and whole numbers to millions and
fractions, improper fractions, fractions, mixed numbers, rational numbers, including real numbers, including numbers
decimals to hundredths (use decimals to hundredths (use
mixed numbers, decimals, and decimals, percents, integers, numbers written in scientific written in scientific notation
symbols <, >, =). symbols <, >, =). percents (including mixed and signed numbers (including notation (positive powers of 10). (positive and negative powers of
M.3.NS.1.3 Compare and order M.4.NS.1.3 Compare and order combinations of the forms). mixed combinations of the 10).
unit fractions (denominators to unit fractions and mixed forms).
10). numbers (denominators to 12).
M.3.NS.1.4 Identify and locate M.4.NS.1.4 Identify and locate M.5.NS.1.3 Identify and locate
whole numbers, fractions, and whole numbers, fractions, mixed whole numbers, fractions,
decimals on a number line. numbers, and decimals on a improper fractions, mixed
number line. numbers, decimals, and integers
on a number line.
M.3.NS.1.5 Identify place value M.4.NS.1.5 Identify place value M.5.NS.1.4 Identify place value
from hundredths to 10,000. from hundredths to millions. from thousandths to millions.
M.3.NS.1.6 Round whole M.4.NS.1.6 Round whole M.5.NS.1.5 Round whole
numbers or decimals to a given numbers or decimals to a given numbers or decimals to a given
place value (tenths to 10,000). place value (hundredths to place value (thousandths to
millions). millions).
M.3.NS.1.7 Translate among M.4.NS.1.7 Translate among M.5.NS.1.6 Translate among
words, numerals, and models of fractions using words, numerals, fractions (including improper
fractions (denominators to 10). and models (denominators to and mixed) using words,
12). numerals, and models.
M.3.NS.1.8 Translate among M.4.NS.1.8 Translate between M.5.NS.1.7 Translate among M.6.NS.1.2 Translate among M.7.NS.1.2 Translate among M.8.NS.1.2 Translate among
equivalent forms of a whole equivalent fractions and equivalent fractions (including equivalent fractions (including equivalent fractions (including equivalent forms of fractions
number (standard, expanded, decimals (1/4=0.25, 1/2=0.5, improper and mixed), decimals, improper and mixed), decimals, improper and mixed), decimals, (including improper and mixed),
and word forms) and compose 3/4=0.75). and percents (25%, 50%, 75%, and percents (up to 100%), and percents (including over decimals (terminating and
and decompose whole numbers. 100%), including simplifying including simplifying fractions. 100%). repeating), and percents
fractions. (including over 100%).
M.6.NS.1.3 Identify rational M.7.NS.1.3 Differentiate M.8.NS.1.3 Recognize subsets
numbers and represent ratios as between rational and irrational of the real number system
a/b, a to b, a:b. numbers. (natural, whole, integers,
rational, and irrational numbers).

Continued on next page

ETS National Assessment Framework – Mathematics

Copyright © 2007 by Educational Testing Service. All rights reserved. ETS and the ETS logo are registered trademarks of Educational Testing Service (ETS).
FOCUS ON STANDARDS, FOS, and Listening. Learning. Leading. are trademarks of ETS. Focus on Standards™
 Grade 3
Number Sense
Numerical Operations and Problem Solving
M.3.NS.2.1 Add and subtract
two- and three-digit whole
numbers with and without
regrouping.
M.3.NS.2.2 Multiply and divide
two- and three-digit whole
numbers by one-digit whole
numbers with no remainders.
M.3.NS.2.3 Add and subtract
proper fractions with like
denominators through 10.
M.3.NS.2.4 Add and subtract
decimal numbers to tenths and
hundredths.
M.3.NS.2.5 Solve one-step
application problems involving
whole numbers.
2 ETS National Assessment Framework – Mathematics
Copyright © 2007 by Educational Testing Service. All rights reserved. ETS and the ETS logo are registered trademarks of Educational Testing Service (ETS).
FOCUS ON STANDARDS, FOS, and Listening. Learning. Leading. are trademarks of ETS.
Grade 4
M.4.NS.2.1 Add and subtract
multi-digit whole numbers.
M.4.NS.2.2 Multiply and divide
multi-digit whole numbers by
one-digit whole numbers with
remainders and no remainders.
M.4.NS.2.3 Add and subtract
fractions with like denominators fractions and mixed numbers
to 12.
M.4.NS.2.4 Add and subtract
decimal numbers to hundredths. decimals to thousandths place
M.4.NS.2.5 Solve one- and two- M.5.NS.2.4 Solve two-step
step application problems
involving whole numbers.
Grade 5
NUMBER SENSE AND OPERATIONS
M.5.NS.2.1 Multiply multi-digit
whole numbers by three-digit
whole numbers, and divide
multi-digit whole numbers by
two-digit whole numbers with
remainders.
M.5.NS.2.2 Add and subtract
with like and unlike
denominators to 12.
M.5.NS.2.3 Add and subtract
and divide decimal numbers by
one-digit divisors.
application problems involving
whole numbers, and one-step
application problems involving
simple fractions.
Grade 6
M.6.NS.2.1 Add, subtract,
multiply, and divide fractions
and mixed numbers with unlike
denominators.
M.6.NS.2.2 Add, subtract,
multiply, and divide decimals.
M.6.NS.2.3 Solve multi-step
application problems involving
whole numbers, fractions, and
decimals.
Grade 7
M.7.NS.1.4 Translate between
scientific notation and standard
notation with positive exponents
only.
M.7.NS.1.5 Understand the
meaning of absolute value of a involving absolute value.
number, interpret the absolute
value as the distance of the
number from zero on a number
line, and determine the absolute
value of real numbers.
M.7.NS.2.1 Add, subtract,
multiply, and divide integers,
fractions, and decimals.
M.7.NS.2.2 Solve multi-step
application problems involving
rational numbers.
Focus on Standards™
Grade 8
M.8.NS.1.4 Translate between
scientific notation and standard
notation with positive and
negative exponents.
M.8.NS.1.5 Simplify expressions
M.8.NS.2.1 Add, subtract,
multiply, and divide rational
numbers.
M.8.NS.2.2 Solve multi-step
application problems involving
rational numbers.
Continued on next page
 Grade 3 Grade 4
Numerical Operations and Problem Solving
M.4.NS.2.6 Solve problems
involving addition and
subtraction of money amounts,
including making change.
M.4.NS.2.7 Use the
commutative, associative, and
distributive properties.
. M.6.NS.2.8 Find the percent of a M.7.NS.2.5 Solve one- and two-
3 ETS National Assessment Framework – Mathematics
Copyright © 2007 by Educational Testing Service. All rights reserved. ETS and the ETS logo are registered trademarks of Educational Testing Service (ETS).
FOCUS ON STANDARDS, FOS, and Listening. Learning. Leading. are trademarks of ETS.
Grade 5
NUMBER SENSE AND OPERATIONS
M.5.NS.2.5 Solve problems
involving addition and
subtraction of money amounts,
including making change, and
multiplication and division of
money amounts with whole-
number multipliers and one-digit
divisors.
M.5.NS.2.6 Identify the
commutative, associative,
distributive, identity, and inverse
properties in numerical
expressions.
M.5.NS.2.7 Apply order of
operations with whole numbers
using the four basic arithmetic
operations and parentheses.
Grade 6 Grade 7 Grade 8
M.6.NS.2.4 Solve problems
involving money.
M.6.NS.2.5 Use the
commutative, associative,
distributive, identity, and inverse
properties to simplify the
calculations of numerical
expressions.
M.6.NS.2.6 Apply order of M.7.NS.2.3 Apply order of M.8.NS.2.3 Apply order of
operations with fractions and operations to simplify numeric operations to simplify numeric
decimals, using the four basic expressions involving whole expressions involving real
arithmetic operations and numbers, integers, fractions, numbers, including parentheses
parentheses. and decimals, including and exponents.
parentheses and exponents.
M.6.NS.2.7 Represent problems M.7.NS.2.4 Use ratios and M.8.NS.2.4 Use ratios and
using ratios and proportions. proportions to solve problems. proportions to solve problems.
M.8.NS.2.5 Solve two- and
number. step real-world percent multi-step real-world percent
problems involving discounts, problems including discounts,
markups, tips, sales tax, and markups, tips, sales tax, percent
simple interest. increase and decrease, simple
interest, compound interest, and
commission.
Focus on Standards™
 Grade 3 Grade 4 Grade 5 Grade 6 Grade 7 Grade 8

NUMBER SENSE AND OPERATIONS

Factoring, Exponents, and Roots
M.4.NS.3.1 Identify prime and
composite numbers to 50.
M.4.NS.3.2 Apply divisibility
rules for 2, 5, and 10.
M.5.NS.3.1 Write all composite M.6.NS.3.1 Express numbers as
numbers to 100 as a product of a product of their prime factors
prime factors. in exponential form.
M.5.NS.3.2 Apply divisibility
rules for 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, and 10.
M.5.NS.3.3 Find common M.6.NS.3.2 Find common
factors of two numbers up to multiples and factors including
100 and list multiples of a given the GCF and LCM.
number.
M.5.NS.3.4 Recognize perfect M.6.NS.3.3 Recognize perfect
2 2
squares and their roots to 6 . squares and their roots to 10 .
M.6.NS.3.4 Understand that
raising a number to a whole-
number power is repeated
multiplication.
M.7.NS.3.1 Recognize perfect M.8.NS.3.1 Recognize perfect
2 2
squares and their roots to 15 . squares and their roots to 20 ,
and perfect cubes and their
3
roots to 5 .
M.7.NS.3.2 Find whole-number M.8.NS.3.2 Understand that
powers of numbers. raising a number to a negative
whole- number power is
repeated division.
M.7.NS.3.3 For an integer that is M.8.NS.3.3 For an integer that is
not a square, determine which not a square or cube, determine
two consecutive whole numbers between which two consecutive
its square root lies between. integers its root lies.
M.7.NS.3.4 Multiply, divide, and M.8.NS.3.4 Multiply, divide, and
simplify rational numbers by simplify rational numbers by
using rules of exponents. using rules of exponents,
including negative whole-
number exponents.

4 ETS National Assessment Framework – Mathematics

Copyright © 2007 by Educational Testing Service. All rights reserved. ETS and the ETS logo are registered trademarks of Educational Testing Service (ETS).
FOCUS ON STANDARDS, FOS, and Listening. Learning. Leading. are trademarks of ETS. Focus on Standards™
 Grade 3
Patterns, Functions, and Relationships
M.3.AF.1.1 Identify, describe,
extend, and create patterns
using rules, objects, pictures,
and numbers found in lists,
tables, and charts, and
generalize a rule for a pattern.
M.3.AF.1.2 Determine the
output from a function machine
when given an input value.
Algebraic Representations
M.3.AF.2.1 Translate a verbal
description into an expression or
equation using a box or symbol
to represent an unknown
(addition and subtraction).
M.3.AF.2.2 Recognize and use
the inverse relationships
between addition and
subtraction and between
multiplication and division
(including fact families).
5 ETS National Assessment Framework – Mathematics
Copyright © 2007 by Educational Testing Service. All rights reserved. ETS and the ETS logo are registered trademarks of Educational Testing Service (ETS).
FOCUS ON STANDARDS, FOS, and Listening. Learning. Leading. are trademarks of ETS.
Grade 4
M.4.AF.1.1 Identify, describe,
and extend numerical patterns
and relationships, including
arithmetic and geometric
sequences that grow and shrink,
and generalize a rule for a
pattern.
M.4.AF.1.2 Use and understand M.5.AF.1.2 Translate between a M.6.AF.1.2 Find the next or
input/output tables, T-charts, one-operation function table and missing term of a one-operation
and reversing function a function rule.
machines.
M.4.AF.1.3 Describe how
change in one quantity affects
the value of a related quantity in
a practical situation.
M.4.AF.2.1 Translate a verbal
description into an expression or
equation using a box, symbol, or
letter to represent an unknown
(addition and subtraction).
M.4.AF.2.2 Understand and
identify examples of the Addition
and Multiplication Properties of
Equality.
M.4.AF.2.3 Identify and graph
ordered pairs in the first
quadrant of the coordinate
plane.
Grade 5
ALGEBRA AND FUNCTIONS
M.5.AF.1.1 Identify, describe,
and extend numerical patterns
and relationships, including
triangular numbers and perfect
squares, and generalize a rule
for a pattern.
function.
M.5.AF.1.3 Describe how
change in one quantity affects
the value of a related quantity,
based on data in a table or
graph in a mathematical or
practical situation.
M.5.AF.2.1 Translate a verbal
description into an expression or
equation using a symbol or letter
to represent an unknown (four
basic arithmetic operations).
M.5.AF.2.2 Solve one-step
equations in one variable
involving addition or subtraction
(whole numbers and decimals).
M.5.AF.2.3 Identify and graph
ordered pairs in the four
quadrants of the coordinate
plane.
Grade 6
M.6.AF.1.1 Identify, describe,
and extend patterns, including
linear, exponential, and simple
quadratic relationships, and
generalize a rule for a pattern.
M.6.AF.1.3 Predict and describe
how a change in one variable
results in a change in another
variable in a linear relationship.
M.6.AF.2.1 Translate a verbal
description into an algebraic
expression, equation, or
inequality in one variable.
M.6.AF.2.2 Solve one-step
linear equations in one variable
(whole numbers, decimals, and
fractions).
M.6.AF.2.3 Graph ordered pairs
from a function table, verbal rule,
or simple linear equation
(y = mx, y = x + c, or y = x - c).
Grade 7 Grade 8
M.7.AF.1.1 Identify, describe, M.8.AF.1.1 Find the nth term in
and extend a variety of patterns, a pattern or function table.
including recursive patterns
such as the Fibonacci numbers,
and generalize a rule for a
pattern.
M.7.AF.1.2 Translate between a M.8.AF.1.2 Determine if a
two-operation function table and relation is a function.
a function rule; find the next or
missing term of the function.
M.7.AF.1.3 Differentiate
between independent and
dependent variables, given a
linear relationship.
M.7.AF.2.1 Translate a verbal M.8.AF.2.1 Translate a verbal
description into an algebraic description into an algebraic
expression, equation, or equation, inequality, or a system
inequality in one and two of equations in two variables.
variables.
M.7.AF.2.2 Solve two-step M.8.AF.2.2 Solve multi-step
linear equations and one- and linear equations and inequalities
two-step inequalities in one in one variable; graph the
variable; graph the solution set solution set of an inequality on a
of an inequality on a number number line.
line.
M.7.AF.2.3 Identify the slope of M.8.AF.2.3 Graph linear
a line in a mathematical functions (slope-intercept form,
situation and interpret the point-slope form, and standard
meaning of the slope in a form) and identify the linear
problem situation. equation for a given graph.
Continued on next page
Focus on Standards™
 Grade 3
Algebraic Representations
Measurement
M.3.MG.1.1 Choose the
appropriate units of measure for
length (inches, feet, centimeters,
meters), capacity (cups, gallons,
milliliters, liters), area (square
inches, square feet, square
centimeters, square meters),
and time (minutes, hours).
6 ETS National Assessment Framework – Mathematics
Copyright © 2007 by Educational Testing Service. All rights reserved. ETS and the ETS logo are registered trademarks of Educational Testing Service (ETS).
FOCUS ON STANDARDS, FOS, and Listening. Learning. Leading. are trademarks of ETS.
Grade 4
M.4.MG.1.1 Choose the
appropriate units of measure for
length (inches, feet, yards,
miles, millimeters, centimeters,
meters), time (seconds, minutes,
hours), capacity (cups, fluid
ounces, pints, quarts, gallons,
milliliters, liters), area (square
units), volume (cubic units), and
weight (pounds, tons, ounces,
grams, etc.).
Grade 5
ALGEBRA AND FUNCTIONS
M.5.AF.2.4 Evaluate algebraic
expressions with one variable by
substituting a given whole
number or decimal.
MEASUREMENT AND GEOMETRY
M.5.MG.1.1 Choose the
appropriate measuring tool
(ruler, yard stick, meter stick,
clock, weight scale) and unit
(foot, inch, meter, centimeter,
minute, pound, kilogram, liter,
cup) to measure to a specified
degree of accuracy.
Grade 6
M.6.AF.2.4 Evaluate algebraic
expressions and apply formulas
by substituting given decimals,
fractions, or whole numbers for
up to two variables (including
using order of operations with no
exponents).
M.6.AF.2.5 Solve one- and two-
step problems involving rate,
average speed, distance, and
time.
M.6.MG.1.1 Choose the
appropriate measuring tool
(ruler, yard stick, meter stick,
balance scale, clock,
thermometer, weight scale,
protractor) and unit (metric,
customary) to measure to a
specified degree of accuracy.
Grade 7 Grade 8
M.7.AF.2.4 Evaluate algebraic M.8.AF.2.4 Simplify and
expressions and apply formulas evaluate algebraic expressions,
for up to three variables, and apply formulas.
including using order of
operations.
M.7.AF.2.5 Solve multi-step
problems involving rate, average
speed, distance, time, or a direct
variation.
M.7.AF.2.6 Identify the M.8.AF.2.5 Identify and use
properties used to simplify properties to justify the steps in
algebraic expressions. solving an equation.
M.7.AF.2.7 Represent M.8.AF.2.6 Differentiate
quantitative relationships between linear and non-linear
graphically, and interpret the functions by evaluating tables
meaning of a specific part of a and graphs.
graph.
M.7.MG.1.1 Choose the M.8.MG.1.1 Choose units of
appropriate measuring tools and appropriate size and type to
unit (metric and customary) to measure angles, perimeter,
measure capacity, length, area, surface area, and volume.
weight, and mass to a specified
degree of accuracy.
Continued on next page
Focus on Standards™
 Grade 3
Measurement
M.3.MG.1.2 Read and interpret
pictorial representations of
measurements of length
(customary and metric), weight
(nearest ounce), temperature in
both Fahrenheit and Celsius
(nearest degree), and capacity.
M.3.MG.1.3 Convert and
compare units within the same
measurement system, including
money, time (minutes, hours,
days, weeks), weight (ounces,
pounds, grams, kilograms),
length (inches, feet, centimeters,
meters), and capacity (cups,
gallons, milliliters, liters).
M.3.MG.1.4 Tell time to the
nearest quarter- hour.
M.3.MG.1.5 Determine elapsed
time to the nearest quarter-hour
and within the same month
(units of days and weeks).
7 ETS National Assessment Framework – Mathematics
Copyright © 2007 by Educational Testing Service. All rights reserved. ETS and the ETS logo are registered trademarks of Educational Testing Service (ETS).
FOCUS ON STANDARDS, FOS, and Listening. Learning. Leading. are trademarks of ETS.
Grade 4
M.4.MG.1.2 Read and interpret
pictorial representations of
measurements of length (to
nearest centimeter and 1/2
inch), weight, temperature, and
capacity.
M.4.MG.1.3 Convert and
compare units within the same
measurement system and solve
real-world problems. Include
money, time (minutes, hours,
days, weeks, months), weight
(ounces, pounds, grams,
kilograms), length (inches, feet,
yards, centimeters, meters,
kilometers), and capacity (cups,
pints, quarts, gallons, milliliters,
liters).
M.4.MG.1.4 Tell time to the
nearest minute and to the
nearest five-minute interval.
M.4.MG.1.5 Determine elapsed
time to the nearest minute and
in five-minute intervals within the
same 24-hour period and across
months (units of days, weeks,
and months).
Grade 5
MEASUREMENT AND GEOMETRY
M.5.MG.1.2 Read and interpret
pictorial representations of
length (to nearest centimeter
and 1/4 inch), and angle
measure with a protractor (to
nearest degree).
M.5.MG.1.3 Convert and
compare units within the same
measurement system and solve
real-world problems. Include
money, time (seconds, minutes,
hours), weight (ounces, pounds,
grams, kilograms), length
(inches, feet, yards, centimeters,
meters, kilometers), and
capacity (cups, pints, quarts,
gallons, milliliters, liters).
M.5.MG.1.4 Determine elapsed
time in hours and minutes
(forward and backward), and
start and end time using a clock
or calendar.
Grade 6
M.6.MG.1.2 Read and interpret
pictorial representations of
length (to nearest millimeter and
1/8 inch), and angle measure
with a protractor (to nearest
degree).
M.6.MG.1.3 Convert and
compare units within the same
measurement system in real-
world situations; compute
measurements of combined
units and represent in
appropriate form (e.g., 9’8” +
3’6” = 13” 2”, 152 minutes = 2
hours 32 minutes).
M.6.MG.1.4 Calculate and
compare unit rates and unit
prices.
Grade 7 Grade 8
M.7.MG.1.2 Convert units of M.8.MG.1.2 Use proportional
area and volume within the relationships and formulas to
same measurement system convert units from one
(e.g., square feet to square measurement system to another
yards, cubic meters to cubic (e.g., degrees Fahrenheit to
centimeters). degrees Celsius).
M.7.MG.1.3 Use measures
expressed as rates (speed,
density) and measures M.8.MG.1.3 Solve problems
expressed as products (person- involving rates, derived
days). measurements, and scale factors
M.7.MG.1.4 Use a scale using ratios, proportions,
drawing or map to determine the formulas, and graphs.
actual measure of objects, and
vice versa.
Focus on Standards™
 Grade 3 Grade 4 Grade 5 Grade 6 Grade 7 Grade 8

MEASUREMENT AND GEOMETRY

Geometric Properties and Relationships
M.3.MG.2.1 Identify, classify,
and describe two-dimensional
shapes (vertex, edge, side,
angle) for squares, rectangles,
triangles, and circles.
M.3.MG.2.2 Identify right angles M.4.MG.2.2 Identify angles (in
(in isolation and geometric
figures) and determine whether as right, acute, or obtuse.
an angle is less than or greater
than a right angle.
M.4.MG.2.1 Identify, classify, and M.5.MG.2.1 Identify, classify, M.6.MG.2.1 Identify, classify, M.7.MG.2.1 Use multi-
describe two- and three- and describe prisms and and describe prisms, pyramids, classification criteria for triangles
dimensional shapes (vertex, pyramids by the number of cones, cylinders, and spheres. (e.g., right scalene triangle).
edge, side, face, angle) for edges, faces, or vertices.
quadrilaterals, triangles, circles,
pentagons, hexagons, octagons,
cubes, rectangular prisms, and
spheres.
M.5.MG.2.2 Identify angles (in M.6.MG.2.2 Identify angles (in M.7.MG.2.2 Identify the M.8.MG.2.1 Solve problems
isolation and geometric figures) isolation and geometric figures) as isolation and geometric figures) relationship between pairs of using corresponding, alternate
complementary or supplementary. as vertical, adjacent, angles formed when two parallel interior, alternate exterior,
Given an angle’s measure, complementary, or lines are cut by a transversal vertical, supplementary, and
determine its complement or supplementary. (vertical, supplementary, complementary angles.
supplement. Use benchmark complementary, corresponding,
angles (45º, 90º, 180º) to estimate alternate interior, alternate
the measure of other angles. exterior, linear pair).
M.4.MG.2.3 Identify intersecting, M.5.MG.2.3 Identify points, M.6.MG.2.3 Identify skew lines. M.7.MG.2.3 Identify angle M.8.MG.2.2 Identify parallel,
parallel, and perpendicular lines. lines, line segments, rays, bisectors and perpendicular perpendicular, and intersecting
chords, radii, diameters, and bisectors. planes.
planes.
M.4.MG.2.4 Identify congruent M.5.MG.2.4 Identify and M.6.MG.2.4 Identify M.7.MG.2.4 Apply properties of
and non-congruent shapes. describe congruent and similar corresponding parts of congruent or similar figures to
figures in mathematical and congruent and similar figures. solve problems involving
practical situations. missing lengths or missing angle
measurements.
M.4.MG.2.5 Identify figures with M.5.MG.2.5 Identify lines of M.6.MG.2.5 Identify and describe
bilateral symmetry. symmetry in simple and complex rotational symmetry. Understand
shapes. the number of degrees in a turn
(1/4=90º, 1/2=180º, 3/4=270º,
full=360º).
M.4.MG.2.6 Determine the M.5.MG.2.6 Determine the M.6.MG.2.6 Determine and M.7.MG.2.5 Determine and M.8.MG.2.3 Determine and
results of a slide (translation). results of a slide (translation), describe the results of a describe the results of a describe the results of multiple
flip (reflection), or a turn translation or reflection over the translation, reflection, rotation, transformations in the coordinate
(rotation), including on a x-axis or y-axis and a rotation or dilation in the coordinate plane.
coordinate plane. about the origin. plane.

Continued on next page

8 ETS National Assessment Framework – Mathematics

Copyright © 2007 by Educational Testing Service. All rights reserved. ETS and the ETS logo are registered trademarks of Educational Testing Service (ETS).
FOCUS ON STANDARDS, FOS, and Listening. Learning. Leading. are trademarks of ETS. Focus on Standards™
 Grade 3 Grade 4 Grade 5 Grade 6 Grade 7 Grade 8

MEASUREMENT AND GEOMETRY

Geometric Properties and Relationships
Perimeter, Area, Volume
M.3.MG.3.1 Determine the
perimeter of rectangles and
complex shapes composed of
rectangles on a square grid.
M.3.MG.3.2 Determine the area M.4.MG.3.2 Determine the area M.5.MG.3.2 Determine the area
of simple two-dimensional
shapes on a square grid.
M.5.MG.2.7 Identify a
rectangular prism from a given
net, and vice versa.
M.4.MG.3.1 Determine the M.5.MG.3.1 Find the perimeter
perimeter of a simple polygon of regular, irregular, and
(whole number and decimal side complex two-dimensional
lengths). figures.
of rectangles, including squares. of rectangles, squares, and
triangles in mathematical and
practical situations; determine the
area of complex shapes made up
of rectangles, squares, and
triangles.
M.4.MG.3.3 Determine the M.5.MG.3.3 Find the volume of
volume of solid figures by cubes and rectangular prisms.
counting the number of cubes
that will fill the shape.
M.5.MG.3.4 Recognize that
rectangles with the same
perimeter do not necessarily
have the same area, and vice
versa.
M.6.MG.2.7 Identify a prism and M.7.MG.2.6 Identify a pyramid
cylinder from a given net, and and cone from a given net, and
vice versa. vice versa.
M.6.MG.2.8 Know the sum of M.7.MG.2.7 Use properties of M.8.MG.2.4 Apply the
the angles in a triangle is 180º vertical, adjacent, Pythagorean theorem and its
and use this information to solve complementary, and converse in mathematical and
problems. supplementary angles and the practical situations.
sum of angles of a triangle to
solve problems.
M.6.MG.2.9 Determine the M.7.MG.2.8 Find the midpoint M.8.MG.2.5 Find the distance
lengths of vertical and horizontal between two points on a between two points on a
line segments on a coordinate coordinate plane. coordinate plane using the
plane. Pythagorean theorem and using
the distance formula.
M.6.MG.3.1 Find the M.7.MG.3.1 Find the perimeter
circumference of circles in of complex shapes with missing
mathematical and practical side lengths.
situations.
M.6.MG.3.2 Determine the area M.7.MG.3.2 Determine the area M.8.MG.3.1 Determine the
of quadrilaterals, triangles, and of complex or irregular two- surface area of spheres and
circles in mathematical and dimensional figures in complex three-dimensional
practical situations; determine mathematical and practical figures.
the surface area of prisms and situations; determine the surface
cylinders (including using nets). area of pyramids.
M.6.MG.3.3 Find the volume of M.7.MG.3.3 Find the volume of M.8.MG.3.2 Find the volume of
prisms and cylinders in pyramids and cones in spheres and complex three-
mathematical and practical mathematical and practical dimensional figures in
situations. situations. mathematical and practical
situations.
M.6.MG.3.4 Describe what M.7.MG.3.4 Describe what
happens to the perimeter and happens to the surface area and
area of a two-dimensional shape volume of a three-dimensional
when the dimensions are figure when the measurements
changed. of the object are changed.

9 ETS National Assessment Framework – Mathematics

Copyright © 2007 by Educational Testing Service. All rights reserved. ETS and the ETS logo are registered trademarks of Educational Testing Service (ETS).
FOCUS ON STANDARDS, FOS, and Listening. Learning. Leading. are trademarks of ETS. Focus on Standards™
 Grade 3
Data Analysis and Statistics
M.3.DAP.1.1 Collect, organize,
display, and interpret data using
tally charts, pictographs,
timelines, bar graphs, and line
plots.
10 ETS National Assessment Framework – Mathematics
Copyright © 2007 by Educational Testing Service. All rights reserved. ETS and the ETS logo are registered trademarks of Educational Testing Service (ETS).
FOCUS ON STANDARDS, FOS, and Listening. Learning. Leading. are trademarks of ETS.
Grade 4 Grade 5
DATA ANALYSIS AND PROBABILITY
M.4.DAP.1.1 Collect, organize, M.5.DAP.1.1 Collect, organize,
display, and interpret data display, and interpret data
including bar graphs, line plots, including Venn diagrams,
and Venn diagrams. double- bar graphs, and
histograms.
M.4.DAP.1.2 Identify the range M.5.DAP.1.2 Determine the
and mode of a data set and range, mean, median, and mode
describe the information it and describe what each
provides about the data set. measure provides.
M.4.DAP.1.3 Translate data M.5.DAP.1.3 Determine the
from one type of representation appropriate type of graph to
to another. effectively display data (bar
graphs, line plots, Venn
diagrams, double-bar graphs,
and histograms).
M.5.DAP.1.4 Identify
appropriate questions and
populations to obtain the desired
information.
Grade 6
M.6.DAP.1.1 Collect, organize,
display, and interpret data,
including stem-and-leaf plots
and circle graphs.
M.6.DAP.1.2 Compare and
interpret information provided by
measures of central tendency
(mean, median, and mode) and
measures of spread (range),
and use these concepts to
explain familiar situations (e.g.,
height of students in the class
and hair color of students in the
class).
M.6.DAP.1.3 Determine the
appropriate type of graph to
effectively display data (bar
graphs, line plots, Venn
diagrams, double-bar graphs,
histograms, stem-and-leaf plots,
and circle graphs).
M.6.DAP.1.4 Identify which
method leads to a more
representative sampling of a
population.
Grade 7
M.7.DAP.1.1 Collect, organize,
display, and interpret data,
including stem-and-leaf plots,
circle graphs, and box-and-
whisker plots.
M.7.DAP.1.2 Analyze a set of
data, including graphical
representations, by using and
comparing measures of central
tendency (mean, median, mode)
and measures of spread (range,
quartile, interquartile range).
M.7.DAP.1.3 Recognize how
decisions about graphing affect
the representation of data
(scale, size of classes in a
histogram, number of categories
in a circle graph).
M.7.DAP.1.4 Compare data from
two or more samples to determine
how sample selection can
influence results. Understand how
the relative size of a sample
compared to the target population
affects the validity of predictions.
Focus on Standards™
Grade 8
M.8.DAP.1.1 Collect, organize,
display, and interpret data using
graphical methods, including
scatter plots, and approximate
the line of best fit. Describe the
relationship between the two
variables.
M.8.DAP.1.2 Determine which
central tendency is the most
appropriate for a given situation
and explain the reasoning used.
Describe how additional data
added to data sets (including
outliers) may affect measures of
central tendency.
M.8.DAP.1.3 Explain how
different graphical
representations of data and
misleading graphs can bias the
interpretation of the data.
 Grade 3 Grade 4 Grade 5 Grade 6 Grade 7 Grade 8

DATA ANALYSIS AND PROBABILITY

Probability
M.3.DAP.2.1 Identify whether
common events are certain,
likely, unlikely, or impossible.
M.3.DAP.2.2 Determine if a
spinner, coin, or die is fair or
unfair.
M.4.DAP.2.1 Represent the
probability of an event as a
fraction, and identify whether the
probability is certain, likely,
unlikely, uncertain, impossible,
more likely, less likely, or
equally likely.
M.4.DAP.2.2 Determine the
fairness of simple probability
games.
M.4.DAP.2.3 Represent all
possible outcomes for a
probability experiment in a clear
and organized way with a
maximum of 12 outcomes
(tables, tree diagrams, lists).
M.5.DAP.2.1 Use 0, 1, and
ratios between 0 and 1 to
represent the probability of
outcomes for an event, and
associate the ratio with the
likelihood of the outcome.
M.5.DAP.2.2 Represent all
possible outcomes for a
probability experiment in a clear combinations and permutations.
and organized way with a
maximum of 20 outcomes,
including the use of the
fundamental counting principle
involving three items.
M.6.DAP.2.1 Represent M.7.DAP.2.1 Compute the M.8.DAP.2.1 Compute the
probabilities as ratios, probability of simple compound probability of an event with and
proportions, and decimals events (limited to two events); without replacement.
between 0 and 1 inclusively, and events to include “and” situations
percentages between 0 and 100 (flipping a coin twice resulting in a
inclusively. heads twice) and “or” situations
(rolling a number cube with a
result of 3 or 4).
M.6.DAP.2.2 Represent all M.7.DAP.2.2 Construct sample
possible outcomes for simple spaces for a compound event.

11 ETS National Assessment Framework – Mathematics

Copyright © 2007 by Educational Testing Service. All rights reserved. ETS and the ETS logo are registered trademarks of Educational Testing Service (ETS).
FOCUS ON STANDARDS, FOS, and Listening. Learning. Leading. are trademarks of ETS. Focus on Standards™