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Inorganic
Chemistry
Period 3 Elements
Ung Hie Huong
LEARNING OUTCOMES:
Students should be able to:
Describe the reactions of Period 3 elements with oxygen
Interpret the ability of elements to act as oxidising and reducing agents
Describe the reactions of Period 3 elements with water
Describe and explain the acid-base properties of oxides of Period 3 elements
1.1
Group
Element
13
14
15
16
17
18
Na
Mg
Al
Si
Cl
Ar
Atomic radius
Decreases
Entalphy of fusion
Decreases
Entalphy of
vaporisation
Decreases
First ionisation
energy
Increases
Electronegativity
Increases
Type of element
Electrical
conductivity
Type of bond
Metal
Metalloid
Nonmetal
Conductor
Semi
conductor
Nonconductor
Metallic bond
Physical state of
element at r.t.p.
Covalent bond
Solid
Gas
1.2
Group
Element
+
O2
13
14
15
16
17
18
Na
Mg
Al
Si
Cl
Ar
Na2O
MgO
Al2O3
SiO2
P4O6/ P4O10
(In excess O2)
Element
Sodium, Na
Magnesium,
Mg
Aluminium,
Al
Silicon, Si
Phosphorus,
P
Sulphur, S
Equation
4Na(s)
Observation
Equation
2Mg(s)
Observation
Equation
4Al(s)
Observation
Equation
Si(s)
Observation
Equation
Observation
Sulphur
Sulphur
Sulphur
trioxide,
Equation
S(s) + O2(g)
2SO2(g) + O2(g)
+ O2(g)
2Na2O(s)
White
+ O2(g)
+ 3O2(g)
+ O2(g)
2MgO(s)
White
2Al2O3(s)
White
SiO2(s)
White
SO2(g)
2SO3(g)
1.3
Group
Element
+
H2O
13
14
15
16
17
18
Na
Mg
Al
Si
Cl
Ar
NaOH
MgO
HCl + HOCl
Element
Sodium, Na
Magnesium,
Mg
Chlorine,
Cl2
Equation
2Na(s)
Observation
Equation
Mg(s)
Observation
Equation
Cl2(g)
+ 2H2O(l)
+ H2O(g)
+ H2O(l)
2NaOH(aq)
Alkali
MgO(s)
HCl(aq)
+ H2(g)
+ H2(g)
+ HOCl(aq)
Bleaching agent
1.4
Group
Oxide
Oxidation number
1
Na2O
2
MgO
13
Al2O3
14
SiO2
+1
+2
+3
+4
Ionic-covalent
Giant covalent
Structure
Physical state (r.t.p.)
Acid-base property
+ Water
+ HCl
Ionic
Solid
Basic
Dissolves
Weakly Basic
Insoluble
Na2O + H2O
2NaOH
Dissolves
Na2O + 2HCl
2NaCl + H2O
+ NaOH
Dissolves
MgO + 2HCl
MgCl2 + H2O
Amphoteric
Insoluble
Dissolves
Al2O3 + 6HCl
2AlCl3 + 3H2O
Dissolves
Al2O3 + 2NaOH
+ 3H2O
2NaAl(OH)4
Sodium aluminate
Electric conductivity
Acidic
Insoluble
15
P4O6
P4O10
+3
+5
Liquid
Solid
Acidic
Dissolves
16
SO2
SO3
+4
+6
Simple covalent
Gas
Gas
Acidic
Dissolves
17
Cl2O
Cl2O7
+1
+7
Gas
Liquid
Acidic
Dissolves
P4O6 + 6H2O
4H3PO3
SO2 + H2O
H2SO3
Cl2O + H2O
2HClO
P4O10 + 6H2O
4H3PO4
SO3 + H2O
H2SO4
Cl2O7 + H2O
2HClO4
Dissolves in
conc. NaOH
SiO2 + 2NaOH
Na2SiO3 +
H2O
Non-electrolyte