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Allocortex
This term collectively describes the nonneocortical areas, which are phylogenetically
older than the neocortex.
The allocortical areas are on the medial
surface/rim of the cerebral hemisphere.
The allocortical areas build two large
systems: the rhinencephalon and the limbic
lobe.
The rhinencephalon participates in olfactory
functions. The limbic lobe participates in
complex memory functions (mainly spatial
memory).
LOBES
1: sulcus lateralis
B: Broca area
Other structures on the medial surface: the paracentral lobule (in frontaland parietal parietalis lobes), the precuneus (parietal lobe), and the cuneus
(occipital lobe). 1: sulcus centralis; 2: sulcus calcarinus;
3: polus temporalis. Area subcallosa: black lines. Isth: isthmus gyri cinguli.
Frontal lobe
Broca area (inferior frontal gyrus - operculum frontale) and Wernicke area
(the posterior part of the superior temporal gyrus). A small part of the
auditory neocortex is also visible (dotted). Arrow: central sulcus.
Gyrus postcentralis
Gyrus precentralis
Broca area (inferior frontal gyrus - operculum frontale) and Wernicke area
(the posterior part of the superior temporal gyrus). A small part of the
auditory neocortex is also visible (dotted). Arrow: central sulcus.
Occipital lobe
The parietooccipital sulcus separates it from the
parietal lobe (the sulcus is seen on the medial
surface).
The main structure is the calcarine sulcus (seen on
the medial surface), which commences at the
occipital pole, and joins to the parietooccipital
sulcus. The two sulci surround a triangular area: the
cuneus. The cuneus is part of the occipital lobe.
The gyrus beneath the calcarine sulcus is the lingual
gyrus.
On the superolateral surface of the hemisphere, the
occipital lobe is characterized by short gyri: the
occipital gyri.
Cc
posterior
Radiatio optica
Lateral ventricle
17
Sulcus calcarinus
IV
GennariGennari-stripe
17
18
Temporal lobe I.
This lobe is separated from the parietal and
frontal lobes by the lateral sulcus. This is the
longest sulcus, commences above the temporal
pole and ends at the supramarginal gyrus.
The superolateral surface displays three gyri:
superior-, middle- and inferior temporal gyrus.
On this surface, its border towards the occipital
lobe is not marked (the preoccipital notch is a
slight curving on the lateral contour of the
hemisphere).
The superior temporal gyrus has a hidden
surface towards the lateral sulcus. This surface
presents the transverse temporal gyri (Heschlgyri).
STRONG ACTIVATION
OF MEDIAL, INFERIOR
TEMPORAL LOBE DURING
VISUAL MEMORY TASK:
HIPPOCAMPUS, GYRUS
PARAHIPPOCAMPALIS,
GYRUS FUSIFORMIS.
(Brewer et al, Science,
Vol. 281, 1998.)
Gyri orbitales
Bulbus, tractus
olfactorius
Gyrus rectus
Polus temporalis
Phi: gyrus
parahippocampalis
Spl: splenium
corporis callosi
Mesencephalon
INFERIOR SURFACE
CORPUS CALLOSUM:
1. Rostrum
2. Genu
3. Truncus
4. Splenium
5. Forceps major (posterior)
6. Forceps minor (anterior)
COMMISSURA ANTERIOR
COMMISSURA POSTERIOR
Branches of PCA
on the inferior
surface. These
branches also
supply a narrow
strip of the temporal
superolateral
surface (inferior
temporal gyrus).
The occipital lobe
is supplied, too.
Normal neocortex
II
III
NONNON-PYRAMIDAL CELLS
PYRAMIDAL CELLS
Sulcus calcarinus
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
White matter
P
P
I
II
III
IV
Parvalbumin immunfests
THE END