2014 oct

ISIS. Background and impact IN THE ANNEX

2014 oct

The Islamic Caliphate is proclaimed with the creation of the Islamic State under the leadership of Abu Bakr Al-Bagdadi, stretching the control from North of Aleppo to south of Bagdad, including cities of Raqqa in Syria and
Mosul in Iraq with about 6 million people living under its ruling. Control is based on alliances with local sunni tribal groups (consult ANNEX II) who had been victims of Bashar al Assad in Syria and from Nouri al-Maliki in Iraq,
weaker adversaries regardless of political position or beliefs at the moment. the sustainability is reached by balance of government by fear and governmnet by consent.

2014 jun

I.S's donations have no significant weigth in the total amount of incomes. Its most important income proceed fron oil sales, "zakat" or taxes on businesses and individuals, tolls on commercial road traffic, sale of captured
equipment, operations in expropiated factories and criminal activities like kidnapping for ransom, looting or extortion.

2014

Coalition forces withdraw from Afghanistan. Talibans in Afghanistan empower AQ. International policy ignoring Talibans of Mullah Mohammad Omar and the Haqqani Network bring a new sanctuary to AQ created by local
forces and repetition of fails. International policy should help the Afghan Government in security and defense.

2013 aug

ISIS begins sustained attacks on Syrian rebel groups such as Liwa al Tawhid and Ahrar al Sham, and then al Nusra in Raqqa and Aleppo. This completely changes the nature of the rebellion in Syria.

2013

ISIS announces the initiation of a "soldier's harvest" campaign to intimidate/liquidate/assassinate Iraqi security forces and to establish the control over the territory.

jul

2013 apr

Jebbab al-Nusra is declared by the ISI as the official Syrian offshoot and therefore the group shall be known as the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS). Al-Nusra immediately rejects the statement and appeals to Al-Qaeda
central for judgment.

2012

And following years, the Islamic State expands on both sides of the Iraq/Syria border to continuate from terrorism to insurgency. Underground cells became military divisions and hit-and-run tactics became campaigns of
conquest to hold territory. These organizational skills requerired special support from senior officials under Saddam Hussein and by Ba'athist leaders. Originaly seculars but later they claimed religious legitimation for their
actions, according to their extremme Salafist Takfir interpretation of Islam, acording to which, who ever that reject their thesis, is a infidel (kafir) or an apostate (murhab) . This is a fundamentalist perspective supported by
military leaders of the former Saddam Hussein's regime, who do not administrate good civilian administration. How reacted AQ? With criticism to the extensive violence toward the considered like kafir and murthab. Therefore
TAKFIRISM = Absolutist jihadism.

jul

2012

ISI announces the initiation of "breaking down the walls" campaign to refuel the group by freeing members from Iraqi prisons and by regaining lost ground.

2011 nov

IRAQ. The I.S show itself tactically and strategically adapted after survive along years like a persistent violent criminal/terrorist gang able to mount multiple synchronized attacks in Iraq. Sectarian approach of the Prime Minister
Nouri al-Maliki, made sunni minority to remain marginalized . Therefore Sunni support to the Islamic State was a pillar for its growth.

2011 aug

Ayman al-Zawahiri release an statement about OBL death. Strategic debate arises about the Western enemy VS the local wars in North Africa, Arabian Peninsula or Afghanistan. AQ plays the ROLE of multiplier to insurgent local
groups by shaping propaganda campaigns, enforcing new religious groups, supply financial and logistic aid and recruiting of jihadists. In Afghanistan the original cooperator was Mullah Mohammad Omar. Taliban who managed
internationally the Haqqani network. AQ upholds a complex adaptative system diverse and flexible formed by multiple cells and networks with different goals. ADAPTATIVE CONDITION: AQ embeds within groups like a
consulting service provider not regularly involved with local groups in operations. Therefore, operations are launched by these local groups and networks independently. AQ AIMS: traditionally are three: 1. To overthrow key
regimes in muslim countries (near enemy). 2. To establish a pan-islamic Caliphate. 3. To fight against the far enemy. NEW GOALS: To unite Muslims against the far and near enemies. To construct an Islamic belt worlwide from
North Africa to South East Asiaby the Middle East, East Africa and Central Asia. AQ. ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE: Is hyerarchical with the Afghan front embeded with groups and cells. It is organized in SHURAS: Inner shura.
Media Shura. Military shura (recruitment and operations) and two committees: religious to issue fatwas and financial to acquire founds, finance operations, manage money. UP-TO-DOWN strategy: the primary threat to western
countries by organizing groups directly supported by AQ senior operatives from AQ-C. AIDING & ABETTING: Support the insurgency by financial aid, propaganda efforts and tactic experience obtained in Warfields like Iraq, Syria
or Pakistan (multiplier effect). Military tactics gather explosive building of IED's learn by local insurgents Taliban from AQ although they were initially reluctant to obtain training in first instance, when AQ was perceive by
Talibans like an intruder. In the first stages AQ encouraged Talibans to commit suicide attacks against Police and Military (reluctancy) but they were caused more civil cassualties than officials. This popular rejection to AQ was
used by coalition forces and the Afghan Government against AQ in Afghanistan.

2011 may

BACKGROUND. Osama Bin Laden is dead in Abbottabad (Pakistan), Ayman Al-Zawahiri substitute him one month later. After the U.S leave Iraq unprotected, AQ attacks shias massively and bring Iraqi sunnis to a revolt against
AQ-I. AQ-I creates Jebbab al-Nusra (al-Nusra Front ), a secular front to fight against Syrian government of Bashar al-Assad (shia regime) . DISSAGREGATION and competition. Jebab Al-Nusra separate from AQ-I when Al-Zawahiri
is dissobey by the rebels. They share same goals of creating a strong islamic caliphate divided in Emirates (or provinces) but both divert in the means. Once split from AQ-I, they form the I.S.I.S. AQ-Islamic Maghreb based in
Mali also tries to split from the matrix but they do not achieve it. Nowadays I.S. and AQ-I compete for resources and preminence taking advantage of the weaknesses of Iraqi Government Al-Maliki and the Syrian situation.

2010

Suicide attacks in Kampala (Uganda) by a cell of Al Shabab Al-Mujaheedin (ASAM) under direction of AQ-EA during the world soccer final match between Spain and Nederland in South-Africa. Same organization which had
attempted against Israeli targets in 2002 in Mombassa (Kenya) and Dar-Es-Salam (Nairobi) in 1998. The proliferation of this orgzanization roots in 1991 whit the deep instability in Somalia (neighbour country) where the
organization roots its basis. Implicated: Fazul Abdullah Mohammad, Saleh Ali Nabhan and Oman Issa (implicated in 2002 attacks in Mombassa) . Poor socio-economic conditions, had secured AQ operattives within local
communities, population extremely poor and lacking of basic necessities such as running water but with deep Islamic beliefs, receive relief assistance and direct economic help from F.A.M, he marries a local woman and other
jihadists integrate in the community. They are maintained links from the small cell and AQ-C by Saleh Ali Nabhan (strategist of ASAM) and Tariq Abdullah. The allegiance between ASAM and AQ-C is demonstrated after 1998's
bombings by AQ members in Somalia, and the establishment of a training camp in Mogadishu. MOTIVATION: The support by Uganda to peacekeeping operation in Somalia with 2700 peacekeepersreplacing the Ethipian
possitions in january/2009. Al-Shabbab previously to the attempts had already condemned any form of entertainment including, cinema, DVD's and sports. Attacks had been prepared in Somalia and FAM is killed in 2011 in
Mogadishu, 32 suspects from East African countries were charged.

jul

2010 may

Abu Bakr Al-Bagdadi is the new leader of ISI (AQ-in Iraq) .

2010 apr

Abu Omar Al-Bagdhadi is dead by a US air strike with Abu Ayyub al Masri. Both had radicalized fight against Western targets bringing conflict within the ISI against the AQ's official original doctrine. Which involves the religious
toleration, but they target Catholic Churches in Iraq in the precise moment that Adam Ghadahn prepares an Arabic statement addressed to Christian Arabs invoking the spirit of Islamic tolerance. So they break AQ's doctrinal
and estrategical planning. Their death raise hope for a new unification of jihadists in Iraq. It would be possible later with the declaration of the ISIS (DAESH) in october/14 after merging AQ-I (ISI) and its Syrian branch Jebbab alNusra.

2009 dec

(dec. 25) Christmas attacks FAILED by AQ-AP. AUTHOR: Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab. Try to blow up a flight from Amsterdam to Detroit by detonation in the mid-air of explosives hidden in his underpants. He had been trained
by AQ in Pakistan and AQ had provided him with explosives once in his base in Arab Peninsula. AQ-AP claims responsibility.

2009 sep

Two suicide bombers attack the AMISOM. ASAM attacks the UN mission in Somalia after the withdrawal of Ethiopian troops from Somalia last january and the weakening of the security. Abu Mansur had declared the Islamic
Emirate of Somalia two years before. CONCLUSION. Somalia nowadays is expected to remain like a safahaven of AQ-EA to recruit and train expatriates and threat the neigbouring countries. Which exert increasing pressure on
ASAM. Regional threatwith no international interests but demonstrated global consequences.

2009 aug

ISI bombs Iraqi Ministries of Foreign Affairs and Finance, killing hundreds.

2009

jul

JAKARTA (Indonesia). Marriot & Rithz hotels are attacked by Jemaah Al-Islamyah. The islamic community under the influence and support from AQ-SE, the regional arm of AQ-C. Noordin Mohammad Top is considered the
intelectual aithor and he is killed in a raid by the security forces. Jemaah Al-Islamyah: This action is consequence of the perseverance of the leader-less social movement supplying social support to terrorist organizations. The
head of Jemaah Islamiya had been arrested and convicted after the string of attacks in 2003, 2004 and 2005 against western targets in Muslim countries. Jemaah Islamiyah replicates AQ-C mix estrategy of attacking near and far
enemies in te region by attempting against Western interests in the Asian region on behaf of the same goals which are building the Caliphate. Til then, Jemaah Islamyah had demonstrated ideological and operational training
combining public indoctrination in collective preachings with technical skills in weaponry and explosives, this combination created technical formed jihadists highly motivated. 200 members were trained in Camp Saddah
(Afghanistan) between 1985 and 1995 with the cooperation from Majelis Mujahidin Indonesia (terrorist group) . Regarding the Jemaah al-Islamyah, CONCLUSION: There is need to prevent the regional action. Needs of regional
security policy. Not understimate the perseverance. Transnational action thanks to intelligence. Cooperation with the UMA to promote integration. Improvement of inter-ethnic peace and religious harmony in the region.

2009 jan

Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki targets Sunni leaders and awakening groups, increasing sectarian tensions and latent support for ISI and Sunni tribal areas. This lessens the pressure on ISIS allowing it to stave off disaster.

2008 nov

Coordinated attacks by LET (Lashkar e-Taiba) in Mumbai. Pakistani influence in jihadist groups mobilized to secure internal and external strategic objetives. Pakistan (the State) had sponsored groups acting against India in
Kashmir. Pakistani's militant groups used since the war against the URSS (anti-soviet jihad) had became now a political instrument. Pakistan's background was formed by groups of Pakistani-Talibans, which made appearance in
Waziristan (Pakistan) in 2004 after having fought in Afghanistan. These are no pakistanis but Sunni groups with no influence from Iran. These groups reorient their views toward Kashmir (region under Indian administration).
Some of them belonged to Tehreek e-Taliban-e-Pakistan (TTP), focussed on attacking NATO troops in Afghanistan. CONCLUSION. There is dissaggregation of groups as result of the ISAF in Afghanistan. It had been founded LET:
Lashkar-e-Taiba, banned in 2002, differing sustantially from other groups acting from Pakistan, LET coordinated the attacks on Mumbai. The attack happens after hundred of attacks throughout India, 60 hours of fight after
taking positions by 10 Pakistani operatives who had held Mumbai by sea, divided in 4 teams launch 4 attacks coordinated; the target is to tak hostages and receive mediatic attention for: Regional expansion, recruitment and
funding with both operational and mediatic success. Targets are international civilians according to Antisemitic agenda and the India's Jewish community. Perpetrators are trained to first infiltrate all the means and then the
operatives under a hyerarchical structure and leadership. Motivations and goals are soft targets belonging to the "Brahamanic, Talmudic and Crussader alliance" after the Indo-israeli counterterrorist relations to have deeply
irritated Pakistan and the Indian lobby in the U.S grow economically in a background of political and economic competition in the Central Asia between both countries. Attacks demonstrated the Pakistani's instrumentalization
of jihadism, it's anti-India agenda, the preminece of Lashkar e Taiba in South-East Asia and its operational autonomy in respect to AQ. Pakistan demonstrated a selective war on terrorism and preservation of militant groups to
serve its foreign policy goals. It caused cinism on the sense of continued US military support to Pakistan, distrust to Pakistani officials, threat to development of free commercial relations under the conditioning of violence and a
new doctrine on the defese by India toward Pakistan. Pakistan as an islamic nation-state not oriented to the commerce and non-competitive economically versus India, globalized, opened and focussed in global relations.

2008 sep

It is declared by Abu Mansur the Islamic Emirate of Somalia under the troops of Ethiopia with US support.

2008 jun

Suicide attack in Islamabad to the Danish Embassy in response to anti-muslim cartoons in Danish Media.

2008 may

Relentless pressure on ISI and other groups by USMIL and GOI results in a descent of violence since 2005.

2008 jan

Suicide bombing plot in Barcelona. 14 arrested. Target the local subway system. All foreigners but one nationalized Spanish. 11 indicted and imprissioned with proves of gatherings, communications, computers and unknown
origined cash. PLOTTERS: Sunni radicals from Pakistan. Fundamentalists Tablighi Jamaat members and doctrine followers. Links to South Wazaristan in the porous border with Afghanistan. PUNJABIS. 8 of 11 came from Punjab,
originally mobilized by AQ in 2007, allies with Talibans from Pakistani side. Individual and collective actors tried to attempt by suicide bombers with explosive devices against soft targets to force the withdrawal of western
troops within the ISAF and the NATO from Afghanistan.

2008

Until 2011. The level of threat is changed in the Airport of Shippol (Amsterdam) due to it is a route of transit for international terrorists.

2008

Theory of the LEADERLESS JIHAD by Marc Sageman. Homegrown terrorists are the authors of Sinai attacks and others following the OBL fatwa against the Jews, Crussaders and their alliates. AQ's role is to serve like an
inspiration to the jihadist social movement between homegrown cells to act independently. Small terrorist networks pursue their own activities for their own local reasons and they are SELF-REGULATED, SELF-MOTIVATED and
AUTONOMOUS. This independence makes them more effective in the consecution of terrorist goals with no up-to-down management. Financing and logistics in the leaderless jihad consists in the commission of petty crimes
and some cash, like the 1500 $ receive from Gaza insurgents by the Sinai bombers, a stolen car and the explosives obtained from a left-over land-mines in the dessert of Sinai from previous wars. The inner motivation in the case
of Sinai is deprivation and poverty as Sinai Bedouines.

2008

Sanaa bombings in Yemen against the U.S Embassy by 8 militants with two suicide bombing cars. One shooter team paved the way to penetrate the check points, then a car exploded in the line to enter the Embassy with people
wainting at the gate. The result was 20 locals and 7 attackers, no severe damages and no American killed.. Original background is unstable with a long history of terrorist attacks against Western and Police forces.
PERPETRATORS: 1 espiritual leader, 1 militar leader and 5 common militants with a mix of tactical/ideological leaders, cell formed first by recruitiment in prison and later trained in local training camps replicating AQ-C up-todown organization. There was no Up-to-down organization but yes middle level-down. External links were not demonstrated and AQ-SAP tries to become the local Yemeni branch of AQ-AP fully independent. Saudis had already
fought the Kingdom and scaped from Saudi Arabia, Afghanistan and Pakistan to Yemen as reaction to the pressure of ISAF forces and the political shift of Saudi Arabia fighting AQAP.

2007 sep

2007 sep

OPERATION ALBERICH. Germany. Three jihadists in Sauerland region state. Northern-Rhine Westphalia. Most important plot in Germany since 9/11. Manufactured explosives based on Hydrogen Peroxide. Two Germans
converted to Islam + one Turk grown in Germany. German authorities know the group in october 2006. Help supplied by NSA on email communications intercepted among Pakistan and Germany give rise to the operation
Alberich. It consists on the change of the hydrogen peroxide and the subsequent arrest along the controlled delivery. After 9/11 Jihadism in Germany is dominated by foreign organizations like AQ-C, AQ-AP and Ansar al islam
(Kurd jihadists). This network with previous makes the difference in the fact that this is INTERNATIONALIST = homegrown + national converts. The previous are INTERNATIONAL and independent form the host country. The
organization is the Islamic Jihad Union (IJU), funded in Uzbekistan after emerging in the 1990's in Kabul. Original alliance with the Taliban and other Asian jihadists is integrated. the Islamic Jihad Union (IJU) originally seeks the
downfall of the Uzbek Government but activities are performed in Central Asian Countries. So a domestic terrorist network becomes regional for central Asia and then international, it is absorbed by AQ-C, to later operate in
Germany and other countries. The IMU, also known as the Haqqani network, increasingly sent foreign jihadists to Afghanistan from other countries. So it is considered an INTERNATIONALIST group and they do not present
themselves like jihadist but yes like tied to Talibans and supported by other groups in Central Asia and Europe, with their alledged goal to disseminate their message worldwide. No conclusions are evidenced on the participation
of AQ-C in the Sauerland Plot. (consult ANNEX II)
THE DANISH GLASVEJ CASE. Police operation in Copen hagen area. The plot has both: Global and European context. Evolution of Islamist terrorism in Denmark by a second generation of immigrants, homegrown jihadists (local
group) amateur individuals with no professional training, no affiliation with international groups from the M.E or N.A. No experience, training or organizational skills and interest in the Global Jihad. By Surveillances it was
demonstrated intentions to prepare a twenty kg explosive within a vest and act by a suicide bomber. No findings after the arrests and searches further than manual on how to build explosives and speculation on the targets.
PLOTTERS: Born in Denmark, grown in Pakistan by family relocation with no father (in Denmark). No religious education in Islamabad (Pakistan). Start attending mosques in Denmark in 2005 due to loneliness and deintegration.
Unhappy with Danish culture, women dressed unpropperly and difficulties to be a good Muslim. Bipolar thought infidels (takfir) VS muslims and Talion Law or retributive law. Domestic and foreign jihadist links Within the
mosque among like minded Islamist Militants in Copenhage. AQ leadership and foot jihadists non-demonstrated connections. ROLE OF THE INTERNET: To connect jihadists by weak links and soft war like propaganda,
development of the plot and diffussion of tactical and technical knowledge.

2007 may

US military surge and Sunni awakening begin to greatly diminish ISI.

2007 april

Attack in Algeria. Two suicide bombers simultaneously attack Algerian Palace of the Government and a Police Station. Abu Muhammad Salah, AQIM leader claims responsibility. PROFILE OF THE BOMBER: It is a common
criminal recruitted in prisson when serving prison sentences for drugs trafficking. Three came from Al-Jabal suburb in Bourouba (Algiers). The attacks are committed the day 11. Which corresponds with the eleventh century and
the eighness of the Western Islamic Empire, or Glorious era of Al-Andalus. CONSECUENCES: AQ-IM faces a challenge due to its growing influence in ther region and changes the organization in modus operandi and targets.
There is split within AQ-IM, some do not support killed civilians, massive cassualties and indiscriminate actions. There is a loss of moral power by the supporters to the organization. MODUS OP.: 19 suicide attacks are executed
in Algeria by AQ-IM jihadists, the most addressed to official targets. There is a string of kidnapes and beheadings in exchange of Ramson and release AQ prisoners in jail. REGIONAL PROFILE of AQ-IM is demonstrated within the
Maghreb and Sahel from Mauritania westwards in contact with other organizations in Somalia. THE INTERNET plays a key role to establish an information and media committee in 2004 and to create their own website supplying
documents and manuals to manufacture explosives and poisons. The decentralized organization in tactical and operational terms combines with a closer confirmed relation of dependence of AQ central in doctrinal and
estrategic terms. Regional profile of AQ-IM targets security apparatus of apostates states and western targets, moreover the network recruits in the whole region (specially Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria and Mali) and provides
decentralized network.

2007 april

Second wave of attacks in Morocco to demonstrate that law-enforcement oriented responses after the events of may/2003 were right. The game had completely changed and civil society was aware of the terrorist threat. No
place for terrorist to operate thanks to preventive security meassures and civil cooperation from the Farah Neighbourhood. Jihadists respond to direct AQ methods of recruiting different to traditional ones, hold internal
discipline, class dynamics within the organization and AQ affiliates depend on young, impressionable and marginalized local men to operate. AIMS & MOTIVATIONS: Both Moroccan state and society are considered Takfir
(pagan) and they should by fought by violent means to enforce obedience to God more than to achieve political or military victory. CONSEQUENCES are added to the war against terrorism, limitations to wahabism and salafism
are impossed by Moroccan Government, that ban fatwas for child marriage for girls of 9 years old, as it had been enjoined by Wahabi leaders. Quranic houses and websites are shut down and Interior Government is accussed of
erradicating Salafism and enhancing Suffism by American Pressure. External links are investigated like AQ affiliates acting in Morocco, Algerian groups acting in Morocco and Moroccan jihadist acting in Algeria, it is discovered
the mixed structure of AQ in Morocco, both an horizontal shaped in grape-cluster with redistributed leadership and a leading up-to-down current contacted with the global AQ structure. Population backs the security forces
after receiving Governmental aid. From 2003 to 2007 AQ affiliates loss the initiative and salafists attack suffis in Morocco, meanwhile their orders and beliefes are persistent. In the Political scope, Morocco and Algeria are
competitive actors due to hostilities for the Sahara dessert, hostilities related to the Frente Polisario and different levels of threat within each country and it complicates the political cooperation in security issues. Religious
reforms demonstrate to be effective and ballance islamic tradition with modern conditions.

2007 mar

Khalid Sheick Mohammed (Kuwait 1965) is put under trialby militar court for the intellectual authoryof the 9/11. No clear proves, limited sources and information, no conclusion. Just testimonies. KSM is known as a global
entrepreneur of terrorism under AQ leadership, who planned the 9/11 ops during the spring of 2000. He admit the planning of 9/11 and other interrogatories to group members prove it. Other two waves of terror had not
worked thanks to investigators and KSM's cooperators were sentenced to 20 and 10 of imprisonment for logistical support to AQ activities. All 6 sofisticated operations planned before 9/11 were failed. Other small ones
supporting American homgrown jihadists non-trained (shooting and small explosions in public places) , under support by KSM.

2007

Algerian G.S.P.C is almost eradicated and changes its name by AQ-IM, it has international interests and its regional organization is oriented to the whole Sahel, changing tactics. The Algerian Threat becomes regional an
expansionist. AQ-Islamic Maghreb is created officially for the Islamic Maghreb and the North of Africa with combatants trained in Afghanistan and the former G.I.A members.

2006 oct

Islamic State in Iraq (ISI) is formed. Abu Omar Baghdadi is the new leader.

2006 sep

First terrorist attack in Ethiopia by suicide bombing against the President Abdullah Ysuf outside the Parliament. Ethiopian troops invade Somalia backed by the U.S Gov. In response to this attacks and due to the host that
Somalia provides AQ operatives. REACTION: Somalian Government start supporting the US war on terrorism.

2006 sep

Ayman Al-Zawahiri announces the G.S.P.C is welcome in to the ranks of AQ due to their persistent support for years. G.S.P.C is a salafits split from the G.I.A (Algeria), originally a domestic insurgent political group turned into
salafist and regional following the influence of AQ. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND: Afghan mujahedeens play a key role in developing ideological direction in this group in the 80's when 3000 to 4000 Algerians in Afghanistan have
fought and received trainning in AQ camps in Pakistan. 1000 of them are back in Algeria maintaining the Afghan customs, dresses and beliefs. These are called "The Afghanis". 1000 go in Bosnia. Others join the insurgency with
the GIA and fight against Algeria in the Algerian Civil War. G.S.P.C exclusively targets Goverment officials and Security Personnel to limit civilian cassualties following AQ's doctrine.

2006 aug

THE 2006 AIRLINE PLOT. SEVEN FLIGHTS TARGETED from London to the U.S and 12 men charged with conspiracy to blow up transatlantic airplanes outraged by the US and UK foreign policy. Act of terrorism by homegrown
terrorists directed from abroad with four condemned to life sentences: Abdullarh Ahmed Ali, Assar Sarwar, Tanvir Hussain and Umar Islam. TARGETS: Power plants, nuclear power stations, gas and oil refineries, country's
natioonal electricity grid, UK''s major Internet provider and other strategic ones. AQ MANEGEMENT from Pakistan hoping to cause massive economic damage on the US and its allies by the airline plot. ORIGINS start in
january/06 in response to the Israeli's initiation of a month-long campaign in Lebanon. The plans of AQ are acelerated to strike the US after the declaration by OBL in january/06 against Western powers. AUTHORS: Second
generation British Pakistanis who start courses at Portsmouth University in 2000 and sessions of Tablighi Jamaat, becoming religious. Both start operating madrassas in London in 2002 after travelling in Pakistan. They maintain a
permanent communication with Pakistan by text messages, email and phone taking security meassures like coded language, change of numbers and SIM cards. The plot fails due to its aceleration from Pakistan. Suicide tapes are
a main prove. Revenge reasons against the US, UK and Israel are explained in five video-tapes. Tapes are four kinds according to different audiences: directed to Estern Countries, directed to AQ sympathizers, directed at
Muslims, general to civil population in general, not considered innocent because they pay taxes to finance western policies. MODUS. Is by suicide bombers using hydrogen peroxide in transatlantic flights between august and
october 2006. Members were being tracked by US intelligence services and trying to travel into tribal areas of Pakistan. British officials were prudent and waiting, but U.S pressure to operate under George W. Bush Government,
accelerated the operation.

2006

LeT detonated 7 explosions accross Mumbai railway system with 187 killed. Just to demonstrate their penetration capability from Pakistan in India.

jul

2006 jun

Abu Mussab Al-Zarkawi is killed in a US military strike. SUNNI REACTION in Iraq is mostly to abandon insurgency and withdraw from fight against coalition forces and governmental forces in response to subsides, political power,
stable jobs and future expectations supplied by the Iraqi Government with the support by the US Government. Not to listen the AQ-C message from Pakistan incoherent with the Jihadist movement. Iraqi insurgent groups prefer
to construct a national sense with both sense of unit and purpose, to become guardians instead of warriors, to protect fellows and neighbourhoods from criminals, terrorists and insurgency. CONCLUSION. AQ tries to sustitute
the center of gravity form Pakistan to Iraq while international coalition forces acted in Afghanistan. To build s safe haven in Iraq for salafists with international background instead of local culture. To construct a logistic and
training base in Iraq for the jihadists movement by mean of sectarian warfare with a sustained campaign of violence. AAZW do not support initially the actions in Iraq but decides to take profit of weaknesses and oportunities.

2006 jun

Toronto 18 is arrested. Group of self radicalized and dissafected homegrown "wannabe jihadists" (15 to 42 old, five minors) arrested after plotting terrorist attacks inspired by AQ. Accussed of planning to detonate truck bombs,
to open fire in a crowded area, and to storm the Canadian Broadcasting Centre, the Canadian Parliament building, the Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS) headquarters, and the parliamentary Peace Tower to take
hostages and to behead the Prime Minister and other leaders.

2006 april

Second round of attacks in Sinai Peninsula against the multinational taskforce of peace observers based in Sinai peninsula to control the peace between Israel and Egypt. REIVINDICATION: By three different groups on Sharm el
Sheik attacks. Al-Tawhid Wal-Jihad according to Egyptian authorities (a split of Hammas following the Oslo accords in 1993) . Other were Holly warriors of Egypt and the Abdullah al Azzam Brigades of AQ in the Levant and Egypt.
AQ's involvement in Sinai attacks remained undemonstrated. Official opinion was the existance of an authonomous cell acting with scarce resources after training in Sinai, vehicles stolen in Sinai, technology used available in
Sinani landmines, no foreign involvement but little financial support from Gaza extremists and the group to operate alone. IN THE REGION: The facts were condemned by the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood and Hammas, both
are enemies of AQ. OBL & A.A.Z do not take responsibility of the attemps. According to the Sageman's theory of the leaderless jihad, the group was a bunch of self-radicalized, self-trained and self-financed discontent guys who
found their moral motivation in the AQ's global jihad, who represented a domestic threat to security. Sinai is crowded of Salafi non-organic groups influenced by AQ. These groups later under the influence of DAESH, would shift
their objetives from Israeli to Egyptian institutional and official ones, both in Sinai and across Egypt.

2006 mar

Antiterrorist operation in Milan. 7 suspects arrested (Moroccan and Tunnisian) . Belonging to the SGPC (Salafist Group for Preaching and Combat) under coordination by AQ-C. There was an attack failed in the Metro in response
to troops sent in Iraq by Italy. ACTORS: 1. Recruiter and tactical coordinator in Italy. 2. Primary tactical coordinator in Italy. 3. Tactical coordinator in France + financer + logistic. 4. Intermediary with the SGPC + operative
coordinator + 5. Abu Hamza. Senior AQ leader, Algerian coordinating SGPC + AQ-C. OPERATION: Planning; Agreement (AQ + SGPC) to finance and supervise the tactic coordination and operations; Aprobation of financing and
supervision; Recruitment by SGCP to radicalized individuals; Tactical planning by SGPC to provide logistic support + make explosives. The action in Italy consists of 5 suicide bombers to explode within the Milan underground as
part of a wider campaign to attack strategic targets in Europe in order to interfere in European Governments policies in the Muslim countries. 2nd target was a Catholic Church in Bologna (Basilica de St. Petronio) where
Mohammed appears naked in a fresco going to hell like it is described in the hell of Dante. The purpose to this regard is defending the Islam and the Prophet from the offenders and join the war of religions. SYSTEM: TWO
MEANS of organize. By delegation + cooperation. Three levels: Global by AQ-C + Regional by SGPC and domestic level by a network of 5 homegrown radicalized individuals. The Global level is strategic and doctrinal planning, the
regional is tactic and coordination, the domestic is operational. The terrorist attack was planned for the course of eve of the General Elections.

2006 mar

Abu Ubaydah al-Masri is the link between AQ-C and a senior AQ mastermind of the august/06 airline plot, he is experimented in combat operations in the law-less border among Afghanistan and Pakistan. Holds experience in
training others and insurgency operations. He becomes the chief of external operations overseas in the late 2005 in sustitution of Abu Faraj Al-Libi and Abu-hamza-Rabia. Ayman Al-Zawahiri calls on Muslims to inflict losses on
the crussader's west economic infra-structures. Specially airlines from Canada, the U.S and the U.K. Plans for the fith anniversary of the 9/11 and promote the use of liquid explosives by suicide operatives.

2006 feb

Bombing of the Shi'a al Askari Mosque in Samarra (Northern Bagdad), full sectarian conflict in the air.

2006

Al Shabab merges with the rejection of AQ despite of their pledge for loyalty to O.B.L as the only precondition to join the net. Two years after it is accepted like AQ in East Africa with terrorist activities in Kenya and Somalia.

2005 nov

Ayman Al-Zawahiri praise the attacks on London in july 2005. PROPAGANDA unexploded. Allegedly for their lack of interest in soft targets and the delegated action up to down with no full intervention of the leadership.

2005

jul

Ayman Al-Zawahiri declares that US invasion of Iraq had paved the way to the Jihad in the Islamic World. Europe had been a ground for innovative and polymorphous jihadist organizations. Antagonism between domestic and
global jihad is valid all over the Muslim world until the nineties. Local groups acquire global ideology on the Internet and by direct indoctrination, local groups join the global jihad within the Muslim countries. Local Groups
become global by tha channeling of human and financial resources. After the Iraq war, local European networks are globalized in modus operandi, international connections, political agenda and potential strategies. Therefore
the US invasion in Iraq represents the opening of a new phase in the Global Jihadism.

jul

LONDON BOMBINGS. July 7th. Authors are entirely homegrown under influence of AQ active terrorists. Main sacurity challenge comes entirely from unafiliated, self-recruited and self-radicalized individuals. ROLE of AQ is to
actively planning, supporting and indoctrinating homegrowns. The attack consist in two simultaneous blasts with the result of 200.000 evacuated and 500 trains within the entire London, shut down with a subsequent general
network-wide security inspection conducted. Four suicide bombers killthemselves to provoke the maximum rates of injuries and damages. These attacks against soft targets in Europe would not become the rule in Europe as it is
sanctioned by AQ. SURPRISE. The first attack in the UK in ten years to be a suicide attack. The bombers belonged to three mosques within active communities for young Muslims, communitarian facilities such as gym where four
of them worked out and a book store. MOTIVATION: like in the case of Australia, bombers were neighbours liked personally following the message of the worlwide violence against Muslims in general and women and children
in particular. They receive permanent influence from marthyrdom videos produced by Mohammed Siddique Khan and Tanweer within the active estrategy of propaganda issued by AQ (Al Sahab for Media Production is the AQ
media department) . Videos are made in Pakistan in november 2004 and february 2005 and they promote: 1. Sense of revenge against unfair attacks to muslim peoples. 2. Teological sense of the Muslim cause to be spread. 3.
Marthyrdom to remove injustice against Muslims by mean of the War on Terror. One year before MSK and Tanweer, in operation Crevice, were not found priority targets but petty fraudsters. MSK had attracted Police
attencion at least in three different times, first in july 2001 assist to Mujahedeen training camp in Pakistan, second in august/2003 assist to training camp in malakand (Pakistan), third in nov/04 and feb/05 definitive to the
London attacks and august/06 in the airliner-bombing plots.

2005

2005 jun

Third wave of jihadism in FRANCE. Before and after the 9/11. In 2000 with the planned attacks in Strasbourg and 2003 with the US invasion of Iraq. THE JIHADIST TRIANGLE of three networks between France-Northern Africa
and the Middle East. Ansar Al-Fatah is the most dangerous one due to international connections, French strategic targets and not just assistance to Jihadists in Iraq against the coallition invasion. There is a process of
radicalization within the French society following the radicalization from London (Londonistan) and its popular salafist cleric Abu Hamza. Iraqi networks are build from individual and collective rage thanks to the Internet to play
a significant role in collection and dissemination of jihadist materials and fatwas. The following year (2006) at least 20 volunteers attend Iraq following the 70 volunteers gone between 2003 and 2005. The Global connections
and military training represent a potentially serious threat in Europe.

2005 apr

AQI becomes a foreign fighter magnet and targets Shia's much to the concern of AQ Central.

2005 apr

SIDNEY TERRORIST PLOT. The evolution of the OPERATION PENDENNIS due to four suspects from Melbourne's cell were in connection with the Sidney cell. Sidney cell is more capable and determined to cause the largest attack
as possible. 9 arrested seasoned by veterans of the Islamist cause. Some years of surveillance. Strong historical and personal links to the AQ-SE in Indonesia. Dominant authority. Bilal Khazal, Lebaness-born inmigrant linked
with Islamic tawhid movement. In 2003 had been convicted in Lebanon for financing the Mc.Donals terrorist attacks in Beirut. He was recruiter of jihadists and mujahedeens to training camps. In sept 2009 he is sentenced by
Sidney Court to 9 years over the publication of a document in the Internet with instructions to attempt in the U.S, the U,K and Australia. The "musollah" is the place to pray under his leadership, it was in Shaldom street prayer
room and it was shared by several other jihadists. The cell is classified like EXTREME SUB-GROUP within the leadership form Melbourne of Sheick Omra Asja. Also known as a "Sunna Wal Jemaah" (community within the
community). Three of them were troubled young men with family history of violence, drugs abuse and delinquency. Turned to religious commitment in their 20's and conducted by the agressive branch of the Islam at Haldom
Street Mushallah in Melbourne. 1000 kms away from Sidney, from where they attended to find spiritual guidance by Abdul Nacer Benbrika. They were accussed of stockpiling a large amount of weapons and ammunition and
place orders to acquire precursor chemicals to build bombs in june (24 bottles of hydrogen peroxide and bateries) . Expected date to commit attack was in nov/2005. CONCLUSION: The challenge is online, terrorist threat in
Australia evolves since 9/11 from up-to-down organized cells to self-organized, self-motivated, self-recruited and self-indoctrinated homwgrown terrorists with no previous exhibition of extremist tendences in public.

2005 jan

Third wave of jihadism in FRANCE. Before and after the 9/11. In 2000 with the planned attacks in Strasbourg and 2003 with the US invasion of Iraq. The nineteeth arrondisement. Iraqi networks within a same district in Paris
compossed by militants together that listened the call of Jihad and went to Iraq to combat the U.S troops. They are dearticuled before flight. They joined in the Dawa Salafi Mosque within the nineteenth arrondissement, a
French neighbourhood of Paris.

2004 nov

Teo Van Gogh is killed in the Nederlands. There are no full conclusions to define the network and the international or homegrow jihadists. The definition of terrorist network is launched by the Dutch General Intelligence and
Security Service as: "fluid,, dynamic, vaguely bounded structure, consisting on a number of individuals. They are interrelated at individual and aggregated level in cells and they are at least temporarily linked by a common
interest towards an objetive that can be related to jihadism" . Not clear if it is a single act of a religious fanatic or a part of the global jihad. Nature + character of terrorists capture Dutch public opinion in debate for months and
estimulates both political and public survillance to the terrorist threat within the Dutch society. DEBATE: lone wolfs VS many radicalized in cells, leadered or leaderless. WAR ON TERRORISM is declared by the Dutch Minister of
economic affairs. Until the date THREE transnational jihadist networs had been uncovered in the Nederlands: The EIK Case; the Jihad Case & the Hojstad Group.

2004 oct

IS-Iraq is officially created under the leadership of Abu Mussab Al-Zarqawi under the umbrella of AQ-AP. Allegiance is declared to AQ leaders OBL & AAZW, but they need to spark sectarian struggle to organize the insurgency by
sunnis and concentrate the efforts against targets by impulsing Sunni reaction, originally neutral. Sunnis embrace the insurgence movement and the use of AQ principles like the enhacement of marthyrdom. Finally a safe haven
is created like the base for international jihadists. OBL public admission of Al-Zarqawi's group in december (two months later) .

2004 oct

ATTACK in Taba Hilton Hotel in Sinai peninsula (Egypt & Israel borders with Sinai). One bombing with 34 killed and ten floors down with 600 kgs of TNT within a truck. Second and Third bombings with no casualties. TARGETS:
Multinational force and peace observing mission after the 1978 Camp David's accords and the Israel-Egypt Peace Treaty in 1979. Authors are Bedouin tribes peacefully related with both Egypt and Israel. Paralell to the oficial
creation of IS-Iraq by Abu Mussab Al-Zarqawi. Official assesment attaches the attack to the OBL call on global Jihad in 1996, when AQ construct targets which are the alliance of Jews, Christians and their agents.

2004 sep

OPERATION PENDENNIS. Plot in Melbourne (Australia). Homegrown jihadists with minimum connections to AQ-C are arrested. Abdullah Merhi is a volunteer suicide bomber. Australian citizens with long residency form a 12
men group to conspire on launching a attack. Abdul Nacer Benbrika is an Alegerian born salafist cleric. He leads the group with training overseas and direct influence from AQ. The group is considered an islamic "Jemaah" (or
society). All men come from the cities poorest suburbs in the north, deintegrated families and share Lebanesse roots. They follow ANB like a fatherfigure and reinforce their Lebanesse cultural heritage although they are
disconnected from their home country. MOTIVATIONS build by analogic and collective reasoning: "You are a Muslim, they you belong to the Muslim collective, you should be integrated in the Jemaah acepted to fedcback the
sense of brotherhood." COMITEE: two from Lebanon + one homegrown. FOLLOWERS: Relatives (brothers and cousins) + Friends and one convert to Islam. Jihadist propaganda and websites: It is crucial to the formation of the
group. Contributes to cognitive transformation into radicalization process. FUNCTIONS: 1. To instill sense of outrage; 2. To create perception of Islamn incrisis as the central motivation; 3. To create sense of revenge by
victimization and exclusion perceived; 4. Perception of common identity and bond to create legitimation and sense of entity. Permanent exposition to jihadist material: To desentize and empower the individual within the
community. FINAL: The judge determines non-capability of the group (of wanna-bees) to carry out a terrorist attack but the birth of Jihadism in Australia.

2004 sept

Australian Embassy in Jakarta (Indonesia) is attacked. One tone car bomb explodes before the Embassy with a suicide bomber killing 9, the most Indonesian police officer in charge of the security service of the Embassy, other
civilians but not western targets killed, just material damages. Western targets at home is strategy revealed by AQ-SE's mixed estrategy of targeting the far enemy within the near enemy territory.

2004 aug

OPERATION RHYME. Under the TERRORIST ACT detention with no charges. After 14 days of detention, collection of inteligence and elaborating the case with the charges before the court. ACUSATION of conspiracy to murder
and other offences. Some of the group were released. Dhiren Barot ans his network is arrested in operation after 7 weeks of investigation. Operation scheduled to occur during the end of 2004, which demonstrated the strategy
of far enemy of AQ-C against the US and UK by mean of dirty-bombs aiming to achieve massive casualties. Dhiren Barot was an hindu converted to Islam with connections to AQ-C and AQ-SA (Al-Jemaah al-Islamiyah) since
1990's. Barot plans with meticulosity a string of atacks in the UK to set in practice the experience made in the aftermath of the 9/11. He seeked approval and support from AQ-C. SEVEN suspects are acquitted of the ricin
conspiracy. FIVE are found guilty of stockpilling amonium nitrate and conspiration to attemp. ONE LEADER under Barot: Omar Khyam, UK citizen with Pakistani origins strlongly linked to AQ and involved with other British
Pakistanis. CHANGE OF TREND IN NATIONALITY of the terrorists. Kamal Bourgas is another Argelian cooperator accussed of killing a Police Officer. EVIDENCES to the trial were brought from the computer documents within two
categories of files A and B. Potential targets in the US and Potential targets in the UK, which demonstrated survillances and intentions to attempt. Indicators that attacks were to take place in different places by different means
massively.

2004 july

Dhiren Barot dissappear fron survillance of security services. He would be demonstrated thanks to his computer files his social role as planner and long standing connections to AQ-C with a previous decade working on behalf of
violent jihadism in connection with individuals closely linked to the 9/11. There were ambitions to execute his own plans and not just planning. Next step would be to cause a massive killing by vehicle-borne IED's. He had
received training in IED's in Pakistan and received influence by AQ-SE and UK homegrown terrorists.

2004 may

Al-Zarqawi begins videotaped beheadings in Baghdad. MASSIVE KILLINGS and terror strategy. Rejected by AQ-C but the massive propaganda effects are not rejected by AQ with the consequents rise in incomes and voluntary
recruits from western countries.

HOMEGROWN

2004 april

O.B.L claims responsibility for the Madrid attacks by mention them and giving them moral support in a preach. PROPAGANDA to these acts is unexploded by AQ because AQ is not prone to massive killings on soft targets.

2004 april

OPERATION CREVICE since april 2003. London Codename used by MI5 and London Metropolitan Police. British Muslim Pakistanis under investigation. >34.000 hours of survillance + >45,000 hours of monitoring and
transcription. AQ manifested in: 1. Formation of the cell; 2. Provision of resources; 3. Training; 4. Guidance and directory of key moments. Also known as the FERTILIZER PLOT for the intention to use 600 kgs of amonium nitrate
which was stockpiled, core members are not suicide attackers. Are arrested before they had booked flights to Pakistan suppossedly to a training camp. CELL FORMATION is a free association of jihadists initially with religious
links but not jihadists (no training), they belong to a jihadist subculture allowed by authorities where it is easy to connect other jihadists. AQ middle management (tactic level) was uncontrolled. They were not under control of
AQ in the day-by-day. TRAINING is disruptive. They had already received training in Malakand camp in Pakistan with deep social and Psychological impact and had became violent after braindrain, training and shaping a unit.
RECEIVED technical skills, motivation, sense of group, sense of belonging to a major cause (AQ), focus and purpose or sense of mission. AQ implications have to do with recruitment of young men with initiative and
determination. Transformation of a leaderless group into a terrorist cell. Supply resources for instruction and guidance. Failed in provinding guidance during executive phase. AQ PRESCRIBED a string of simultaneous attacks in
London. This cell from the global scope identified like the facilitation network of AQ in the UK to Canada and the U.S.

2004 mar

29th. Momin Khawaja (24 years) is arrested in Ottawa after try to sell to UK jihadists software to commit remote attacks with amonium nitrate and urea in relation with FERTILIZER PLOTTERS. It is a case of Canadian-Pakistani of
second generation, born and homegrown in Canada self motivated by sunni radical doctrines (individually radicalized and committed) . In the moment of his arrest after being back from the UK, he held at home arms, explosives
and jihadist literature. He represents in Canada the new generation of extremists long time residents, became the first charged under anti-terrorist act passed by the Canadian Parliament in the aftermath of the 9/11. In this law,
Canadian Parliament punish by the first time in history the financing of terrorism. THE CASE. He is fluent in english and long time resident, committed to jihad under influence of extremist preachers with a collectivist victimist
discourse. Brings the capability of self-radicalize, become jihadist by his own and assemble a cell by the Internet with no training and no camp facilities. The ideology is based on the collective victimism of collective is "fair",
individual is "unfair" and the polarization of "we" VS "they". This sort of terrorism is formed by horizontal and amorphous cells, formed in virtual communities, developed by personal gathering, with no direct AQ command and
no terrorist training. ONLINE JIHADIST MANUAL. Leadership is substituted by propaganda and travel to training camps represents an impulse. This is the case of Crevice Plotters from the UK. In the manual, Al-Battar lists Canada
like the fifth most important Christian country to be attacked.

2004 mar

11-M. 911 days after 9/11 in Madrid. Doubts of intellectual authory in Spain. No doubt of authory overseas and overwhelming consensus. Criminal action and proceedings are extensive. AQ senior leads the actions by approval,
facilitation and supervision from head quarters in Pakisstan. Global terrorist threat is demonstrated against open societies and Western European Countries. The action is particular entrepreneurship and not institutionally
planned by AQ. Authors from the Madrid network are former common criminals turned into religious radicals, connected to AQ-IM, AQ-Central and North Waziristan.

2004

S.G.P.C following the AQ's strategy declares the International Jihad evolving from Algerian domestic terrorism towards North Africa and Sahel regional organization and influence. It stops being just a domestic threat to the
Algerian Government.

2003 dec

Amer Azizi travels into Spain to supervise, facilitate and approve the 11-M operations according to intelligence obtained by three different Western Intelligence services between 2008 and 2010. He holds the links to most key
members of the group.

2003 nov

ISTAMBUL BOMBINGS. Suicide bombers attack Jewish & British targets in Istambul with result of 61 killed + 700 wounded (the most Turkish muslims). Two waves of suicide bombings in 5 days against synagogues, British
consulate and HSBC bank. Operatives are trained in Afghanistan before 9/11. AQ aims to destabilize conservative Muslim government of the Justice and Development Party AKP. RESPONSIBILITY. Two competing claims: ONE by
Abu Hafs Al-Masri Brigades via the Internet. SECOND Turkish Great East Islamic Raider's Front by telephonic way and clear operational connections to AQ is more reliable. TERRORISTS: Ethnic structure was mix by Kurds and
Turks with similar backgrounds of good education and successfully climbed by the social ladder. Diverse crossing social clases and ethnic divisions with contacts that spanned from Afghanistan, Syria and Iraq. MASTERMIND: Abu
Mussab Al-Zarqawi is implicated in financing, planning and organizing. OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT: by Luayy Sakka, grown in a culture of nationalist Islamist struggle in Syria (Aleppo) , related to AQ in the 90's and likned to
Abu Zubaydah in Palestine. With important logistics official based in Pakistan and close relations to OBL. Linked to AAWZ in 1999 in Herat (Afghanistan). HIS ROLE is recruiter according to Abu-Mussab Al Suri (AQ global
strategist), capable to provide a cell with start-up money, jihadist professional with ties to AQ, and ability to commit suicide attacks wo wape away his traces. His terrorists network is fostered in Germany since 2001. (Turkish
Cell/AQ/Zarqawi network) . LOCAL DIMENSION: Plotters and jihadist organizations in Turkey. Two important islamist organizations: Turkish Hizbullah, not affiliated with Lebanesse Hizbullah and IBDA-C or Great East Islamic
Raiders. Their common aims are to establish an Islamic State in Turkey and both are connected to Turkish struggle and Iranian Revolution. DUAL LEADERSHIP The role of two major organizations was channeled by Luayy Sakka,
who had previously joined AQ in Afghanistan and later the Zarqawi network in Herat training camp, becoming his leuteniant and refusing pledge allegiance to AQ until later in 2004. Since then, Turkish jihadism remains like a
domestic problem related to insurgent kurdish phenomenom with no salafists background.

2003 july

11-M. Madrid terrorists cell is shaped in Tetouan (Morocco). Individual socialization in jihadism (leader-less) followed by an up to down strategy.

2003 may

Iranians join the war on terror by arresting AQ leaders in Iran.

2003 may

Zarqawi-led group begins operations in Iraq. Zarqawi's group explodes UN headquarters in Baghdad. SECTARIAN TERRORISM in Iraq takes place as a reaction to sectarian policy by Shiite Government. AQ-I is the channel to set
the agenda and conduct the islamist insurgent movements and scenario.

2003 may

RESPONSE TO U.S. invasion of Iraq. AQ receives help, human and economic resources massively. Abu Mussab Al-Zarkawi (Jordan) gives first stepts to create AQ-Iraq (AQ delegation in Mesopotamia ) between the two rivers. He
is especially violent and not predilected bu Ossama Bin Laden nor Al-Zarqawi. They suggest him to change the means and stop beheading or attacking innocent targets. Up to 2007, they are fuelled triangular dynamics of
radicalization and mobilization. In the Middle East by Al-Zarqawi to grow its net of volunteers and merging with the AQ-I to create the AQ-AP. In North Africa Algerian GSPC becomes regional in training and recruiting jihadists
for the Iraqi jihad and set the principles of the future AQ in the Islamic Maghreb. In Europe Jihadist activism by new militants and networks becomes a threat to security. Londonistan is a focus of radicalization under the radical
salafist cleric Abu Hamza and the send of at least 70 jihadists from the UK to Iraq, followed by other 20 from France. Abu Mussab Al-Zarqawi leads a breach with traditional AQ jihadits movement by decentralization and
fragmentation of the means and targets with no consultation and initial rejection from AQ-C. New strategy implies attacks on the shiites with the help of internationalist jihadists. Until 2006 AQ-I acts like a state with full
capabilites of hyerarchy, organization, bureaucracy, financind and different forms of violence to conquest power, like guerrilla tactis and mass cassualties suicide bombings in Iraq's major cities. Until the leadership of Abu
Mussab Al-Zarkawi, insurgents are mostly tribal groups deorganized and less powerful.

2003 may

Casablanca. 45 people were killed as a result of these attacks (12 suicide-bombers) . Suicide bombers came from the shanty towns of Sidi Moumen, a poor suburb of Casablanca attempting against the Casa de Espaa and other
placements. Salafiya Jihadiya, an offshoot of the Moroccan Islamic Combatant Group, thought to have al-Qaeda links and considered to be AQ in the Islamic Maghreb. Since then Moroccan kingship changes its policy towards
the war on terrorism. Monitorization and neutralization of terrorist network. Large scale operations were prevented. But small scale operations never eliminated. Under Ayman Al-Zawahiri's coordination. Following the same
terms than the Madird bombers, formed on july in Morocco, the terrorists are a nascent organization formed by self-motivated individuals from a poor neighbourhood (Farah Neighbourhood) with minimal training, ideologically
and paramilitary trained, under AQIM's supervision. They used facilites provided by relatives to build explosives and precursors. Main sources were one terrorist who regretted from his intentions and another who failed. The
Casablanca operation needed less than 5000 $. CONSEQUENCES: Morocco join the war against terrorism until then passive with no official initiatives taken, due to the threat of lost of foreign investment. Religious reforms are
done and everyone cannot become imam in Morocco since then with no especific training of Bachellor degree. Women can also access to religious leadership after being properly selected. It is launched a national iniative for
Human Development in poorest 360 urban and 250 rural districts.

2003

CONSEQUENCES to jihadist terrorism in Riyadh (Saudi Arabia) . It shatters the complacency and bring internal discussion on the financing to the culture of terrorism. Saudi Arabia shifts its policy of refugee, tolerate and fund
salafists. These are banned from the country by condemnation of violent sermons and support to the jihad. Under Ayman Al-Zawahiri's coordination. Three years before, in october/2000 had begun a long series of small attacks
against Western Expatriates in Saudi Arabia. Finally three bombings in Riyadh take place simultaneously by suicide car-bombings a three different Western expatriate residential compounds in Eastern Riyadh, these are known
as Western party places. Perpetrators belong to AQ-AP, but masterminds and tactical operators are un-identified. External links to AQ are long standing by recruiting and training since the 90's in Afghanistan, most of the
terrorists had been previously in Afghanistan until 2002 when it is launched the ISAF operation. Others were relatives and acquaintances of Afghan veterans. Mobilization of AQ in Saudi Arabia had been ordered by OBL two
years before in dec. 2001. OUTCOME. Widespread condemnation of attacks including Saudi Islamist Community (Wahabbies). AQAP is declared a terrorist organization in Saudi Arabia too, representing this the mother of all
wake-up calls and withdrawing the passiveness by the Saudi Kingdom.

2002 nov

Attacks in Mombassa (Kenya). Attacks are simultaneous, coordinated against local infraestructures and launched by AQ operatives. TARGETS. Israeli's interests (an hotel and a Passenger's jet). REACTION: Ariel Sharom (prime
Minister) and Benjamin netanyahu (foreign affairs minister) launch an intelligence operation to adapt to the new threat by all capabilities and all existing agencies. They redefine HUMINT, SIGNIN and OSINT added to a new
realocation of financing and personnel. RESPONSIBILITY: AQ claims six days after inn statement broadcast by Qatar-Based Al-Jazeera TV channel. AQ STRATEGY: to attack soft unprotected targets and ECONOMIC JIHAD (cause
economically strategic damages.) BY a combinated target of: means/targets/weak country (Kenya), weak countries have not full capability to ensure its own laws, convenient for locla support fot radical infraestructures.
MASTERMIND: Fazul Abdullah Mohammad, alias Abdul Karim. This guy starts organizing in august while he was being prosecuted in Somalia while giving training + weapons to operatives, sneaks into Kenya to preparation acts,
sneaks out bafore the attack. The plans take place two years before in Mogadishu (Somalia), consisting in recognizing potential targets, short lost of objetives, training in Mogadishu and receiving local cooperation using a boat
and a hired house. INTENTIONS: To cause massive casualties. MODUS: Innovative multidimensional synchronized targets (plane + hotel) and means (land-air rockets with man-portable air defenses + suicide bomber car with 200
kgs TNT) RESULT: Hotel destroyed + 15 killed. Infiltration and scape sea-borne dhows. Reagroupement in Lamu Island Harbour and return in Somalia by boat. GROUP: AQ-EA. Operatives from Al-Shabaab al-Mujahedin in
Somalia. COMMUNICATIONS: The Internet, Satellite phones and GSM communications. TRANSNATIONALITY: Forensic analysis demonstrate contact between Somalia, Kenya, Sudan and Ethiopia. ORGANIZATION in three levels:
Doctrinal and strategic top-to down (decission making) by Ayman Al-Zawahiri and Khalid Sheick Mohammed (operations manager) to attack Jewish targets before 9/11. Tactic by mean of a core of senior professionals +
experienced operatives for tactic planning and training. Operational in the local level, a local network of supporters bound by personal and family ties provide suicide bombers, recruiting aided by others from the wider muslim
community and logistic support in Kenya. MOTIVATION & COORDINATION. In Mombassa mosque and residential houses. Phases: Involvement, preparation, coordination, infiltration, attack, scape. IMPLICATIONS: Terrorist safe
havens in Somalia and Kenya to prepare & support operations are exploded by terrorists to indostrinate, recruit, training, regroup. Maritime Lawlessness: No maritim security within the horn of Africa. AQ soft target strategy is
constated. Innovations on mix strategy of means & targets.

2002 oct

International reaction to AQ-SE after trials to terrorists. U.S deparment of State include the Jemaah al-Islamiyah in the Foreign Terrorist List. The UNSC adds the J.I in the list of AQ related actors. Al-Jemaah al-Islamyah is not a
social muslim movement anymore.

2002 oct

Bali bombings Indonesian government pursues the perpetrators, condemned and convicted teh spiritual leader Abu Bakaar Baasyir for the intelectual support. International crisis gather again to treat how Jemaah islamiyah
terrorist network operates. Countries in the region react creating special units to fight the international terrorism. Terrorist cells are targeted by security forces, there are arrests and convinctions. But perseverance and support
to Jemaah al-Islamiyah like a leaderless social movement revive the organization over a over again.

2002 aug

The Blowback thesis by the CIA consisted in the unintended consequence of a covert operation of training Arab-Afgans during the cold war against the Soviet Union in the 70's, to become a threat. Pakistani's support and
training of jihadist militants would later export jihad and terrorism arround the world. The real training from the U.S Gov. was to the ISID (Pakistani Interservices Intelligence Directorate) through the CIA, who would later train
the Afghan mujahedin (Talibans) . Foreign jihadists would receive support from the Afghan mujahedin, whose big part would later form part of AQ. Further removing any direct support from the U.S Both Bin Laden and AlZawahiri in 2001 denied receiving U.S aid, support or training. AQ, EIJ and their allies recruited exclusively foreign volunteers and kept training camps after the end of the Soviet-Afghan war. Afghan mujahedins avoided
"whabbies" expatriates and called them wahabies in pejorative terms to foreign mujahedins who came to make the jihad and not to fight for the Afhan independence from the Soviet Union, so their integrism made them
completely different, turning the Afghans against the foreigners. AQ foreign combatants in Afganistan were isolated and maintained only contact with Pakistani officials, other foreign arab supporters or dealing with Afghan
resistance leaders, always traveling in different circles and never crossing US radars. Saudis by their side provided humanitarian relief in Peshawar and Quetta but very few involved in real fighting. This reject to the AQ
expatriates facilitated a quick success of the U.S troops in Afghanistan. Some of episodes to remember in the Soviet-Afghan war, which brought rejection towards the jihadists by the side of the mujahedins was the execution of
60 surrendered soviet prisoners and their cut into pieces by the jihadists, what to the end made Afghan leaders to offer apologies and asurances to Soviets. With the withdraw of Soviets, the fatwa against the invader by Sheick
Abdullah Azzam, would have no sense any more. Foreigners expropiated the victory of Afghans over the Soviet Union, created a mith and highjacked the future of Afghanistan by the sake of faith.

2002 aug

LEGAL REFORMS from a domestic perspective in the Nederlands. THE JIHAD CASE. 20 suspects arrested for criminal offences likee human trafficking and conspiracy to attemp. Trial in Rotterdam. Ducht Laws not prepared for
this threat. New counterterrorist meassures are taken by the Parliament. THE OFSTAD GROUP are homegrown and locally organized terrorism. Non-demostrated that organization came from AQ-C. Are individuals prone to take
radical positions inspired by contacts with international terrorists (Chechenyan) supported with international salafi texts. These are disolved between 2004 and 2006, and the Court of Amsterdam lowered the terms for
identifying terrorist networks. Sermons given by radical preachers are another factor to take into account between young and the usea of Internet within the Nederlands.

2002 feb

AQ -C involves AQ-IM in the 11M Madrid attacks under coordination by Amer Azizi. Since then, the operations will cease being a product of a single cell. CONCLUSION: Global terrorism is POLYMORPHOUS, both horizontal
(cluster) in operative/tactical terms and vertical in organizative, estrategic and doctrinal aspects. Cell is not autonomous any more and individuals from different organizations converge under a hierarchy with hyerarchical
distribution of dutties and top to down strategy. This organization settle the basis for the London 2005 attacks in july 7th.

2002

Laskhar e-Taiba is banned.

2001 dec

OBL order AQ to mobilize in Saudi Arabia in reaction to Anaconda Operation launched by the ISAF and led by the U.S. Gov.

2001 sep

The Bush Administration launch the Anaconda Operation (ended in 2014) on the war on terrorism in Afghanistan. AQ funds are freeze worldwide and Afghanistan is invaded to chase AQ in its refuge. Osama Bin Laden escapes
from Afghanistan. Documents are captured, videotapes and safehouses with a better understanding of the organization. Mujahedins are prosecuted worldwide. Sanctuary for training is dismantled. Quick victory when Afghans
with utilitarian interests turns against the foreigners with ideological motivations.

2001 aug

SUMMER. Hard targets are signed by AQ in the strait of Gibraltar on U.S British vesels and other soft targets like turistic ones in developing countries. PASSIVITY. Some governments like Indonesia, Morocco and Saudi Arabia
hesitate to prosecute the jihadists and give place to the creation of local terrorist groups. Jamaat Islamiyya, the Islamic Liberation front (Philippines) and AQ in the Islamic Maghreb growth. International Crisis in Indonesia,
proponents say Indonesia hold radicals although is not considered a supporter.

2001 july

THE EIK CASE. Within the Muslim sect Takfir Wal-Hijra. A jihadist cell based in Rotterdam is dearticulated in the Nederlands. It combined criminal activities with logistic support, main charges were acquitted and ended with
deportations of Courtallier (French) and Rabia (Algerian).

2001 jun

EIJ is incorpored to AQ and turns into Al Qaeda al-Jihad. Ayman al-Zawahiri declares new jihad to be a struggle between Islam and Hostile Global Forces to achieve the Dawa. He declares his loyalty to the leadership of Bin
Laden like a duty, not as a personal cult, because sovereignty belongs to God and leadership is holy. He declares the role of Mujahedin to fight till the end, to infiltrate among the enemies, to strike against cooperators (traition)
and strike against those who serve occupiers. Al-Zawahiri declares a double enemy (domestic and external). The need to inflict maximum casualties, the need to concentrate on the method by mean of marthyrdom, the targets
and type of method seeking the maximum impact on the structure of enemies and expand the action, not to focussing just in domestic enemies.

2001

Attacks in NY (9/11) and attack in Paris US embassy. dec. Singapore bombing plot by AQ-SE (Jemaah Islamiyah). And the Paris Shoe bombing plot coordinated by Amar Makhlulif. APOGEE of the Global Salafi Jihad. FUTURE
TRENDS demonstrated later by AQ are: 1. Capability to adaptation. 2. Central Planning. 3. Integrated leadeship. 4. Flexibility.

2001

Laskhar e-Taiba (LET) expands gradually until 2008 with training camps in Afghanistan and Pakistan, becoming a regional organization within Central Asia. Headquarters in Punjab (30 kms away from Lahore) and offices in major
cities throughout Pakistan to recruit jihadists from overseas and collect funds. LET recruits and trains jihadists from Australia, the U.S, Canada and the U.K. It is formed by a quasi-militar structure with Chief-commander; Districtcommander; Batallion-commander and operational + support estructures. TARGETS are: Indian Hindus, Jews, Americans and other infidels and apostate muslims. India should be liberated from them and the Caliphate
established. LET operatives have appeared in other jihadist scenarios like Afghanistan, Bosnia, Chechnya, Kosovo, Philippines, Kashmir or Iraq. MODUS. OP: To attack military bases, to take positions, to die defending positions
(not to suicide operations) and achieve maximum expectation to enlarge recruits, donations and to demoralize the enemy. Recruits are better educated than average Pakkistani, well trained and highly motivated with the
founders background of engineering professors committed to technical education in the 1990's when is starts funcioning.

2000 dec

Chrismas eve bombing against churches in Indonesia. 38 simultaneous explosions in mostly against Catholic Churches by AQ-SE. Aledgedly by Jemaah Islamyah and the Moro Front, Philippine group dearticulated in a Police
Operation in august.

2000 oct

Two naval attacks against the U.S naval force in Aden, the USS Cole is disabled and sailors are killed. Summit of the core arab principals in Kuala Lumpur in january and october (Indonesia).

2000 jan

Summit of the core arab principals in Kuala Lumpur in january and october (Indonesia). Two naval plots against the U.S naval force in Aden, the USS Cole is disabled and sailors are killed.

2000

Jamal Ahmidan (leader of 11-M, Madrid attacks) is known like "the chinesse" and becomes radical after 4 years of imprissonment in Valdemoro for drugs trafficking and other offences (since 1996) . Afterwards he goes in
Morocco until 2003 where he receives doctrinal basis for his radicalization and creates a cell with his brothers Hicham and Hamid Ahmidan and Abu Dadah from the Nederlands plus others.

1999

EIG peaceful initiative. The group completely dissapear from the panorama in summer. EIG announce an unilateral ceasefire from prison and the asking for forgiveness in Egypt. Al-Zawahiri resumes his leadership in the EIJ after
crisis

1999 dec

Ahmed Ressam THE MILLENIUM BOMBER. International terrorism hits Canada after one decade of operations known. Ahmed Ressam tries to bomb L.A Airport departing from Vancouver (British Columbia) with a car loaded
with explosives and detonators. Not apparent leadership and not apparent up-to-down organization behind by AQ-C. The suspect holds long history of political violence domestically with leftists and Quebec separatists. His
actions were until then: fund rising, propaganda, recruitment, procurement and collection of intelligence. Later intelligence (2001) on the intentions of OBL have to do with retaliation from 1998 U.S missile strike on AQ base in
Afganistan. It is demonstrated that Sunni terrorists start acting in Canada, Canadians perceive 9/11 like a fail in the adaptation to the terrorist threat by the U.S Government before a new and changing scenario. New operations
are launched within the US and Canada under the premise "they were already here".

1999

LEADERED JIHADISM. Amar Makhlulif field coordinator of the millenial plots in Amman (Jordan) and L.A airport.

1998 aug

Members of the EIJ are arrested in Albany and extradited to Egypt.

1998 jun

String of attacks. Al Qaeda attacks US embassies in Nairobi (Kenia) and Dar al-Salam (Tanzania) . AQ decentralizes to East Africa. Shift from offensive in Muslim soil to foreign soil after abandon Egypt like a target and decrease
the activity in the Algerian civil war. Inauguration of worlwide wave of bombings and plots. Their dutties worldwide are about assesment local initiatives, training potential terrorists and funding operations to span their field of
action.

1998

G.S.P.C splits from GIA attending different goals and means encouraged by AQ to enroll the Global Jihadist Movement. They shift from a domestic insurgent group to a regional salifist one, they receive support and training in
Afghanistan and Pakistan since the end of the Afghan war.

Manifesto of the Global Salafi Jihad against the far enemy. Bin Laden position adopted finally is to follow Faraj's doctrine from Kandahar (Afghanistan) . Issue a fatwa of the World Islamic Front declaring the Jihad against the
crussaders (Americans and their allies) . Talibans give freedom of movement to AQ in Afghanistan to develop all their activities with full freedom and consolidate their power. They can also conduct operations within the
country. Bin Laden consolidate his grip on the jihad activities worldwide with global extensions. The EIJ has reduced its income from AQ due to the six months of imprisonment of Al-Zawahiri in Russia and the consequent
absence from AQ. His reaction is to enlarge the support to AQ worlwide. By that time they have capability to conduct propaganda operations in London. The EIG (change the target near for the far enemy) and the EIJ members
with Bin Laden sign the fatwa, Al-Zawahiri is critized by some followers and receives opposition and the EIG withdraws from the far enemy target, rejecting thus the funding by Osama Bin Laden. The manifesto implies the
transition from the jihad into the global salafi jihad.

1998

1997

jul

Al-Zawahiri goes to Caucasian republics (Chechenia) after being banned from Sudan, where he is arrested in Russia but not identified. He spend 6 months in prisson in Dagestan. He was active in Chechneya near the end of
1996. He then went to Russia. Al-Zawahiri was being trained by the FSB. Contact established with the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria (CRI) is the self-proclaimed state and ultimate authority over all Chechen rebels. CRI State
Defence Council, CRI Armed Forces (CRI AF), and Shariah Court of CRI are governmental bodies. CRI armed Forces are further divided by regions. However, this official structure has no complete control over all Chechen rebel
groups or terrorist groups, although those groups recognize or respect the authority of CRI. These subgroups operate independently under the command of its leader, and free of the structure of CRI.

1997

EIG massacres more than 60 people in Luxor by part of Al-Istambuli and Taha.

1996 aug

Fatwa against Americans is released from Afghanistan. The true global salafi jihad starts with this fatwa. Meanwhile the Afghan civil war takes place between AQ (foreigners) and Talibans (locals) since the end of the AfghanSoviet war.

1996

Civil war in Bosnia brings jihaddists into the heart of Europe to fight against Serbs (Slodovan Milosevich) . Excombatants are reorganized. Website used for islamist organization: http://azzam.com/. Some of them are 1000
Algerians related to the GIA, therefore jihadists in the heart of Europe hold relation with jihadists in the north of Africa.

1996

AQ afiliates with Jamaa Islamiyya in the South Eastern Asia.

1996

It is build the network of AQ in Montreal (Canada) with Fateh Kamel in the leadership. New funraising in Toronto by Ahmed Said Khadr.

1996

France. AQ discus its strategy.

1996

The UN intervenes against a government for alledged support to the terrorism. EIG atempts against Hosni Mubarack (Egyptian president) in Addis Abeba (Sudan) with the involvement of the Sudanese government and the
subsequent sanctions from the United Nations, Muslim Brotherhood protest against the UN in Egypt due to the sanctions. Al-Zawahiri is banned from Sudan and goes to Caucasian republics, where he is arrested but not
identified. He spend 6 months in prisson.

1995

Until 1996. second wave of jihadist attacks in France due to its implications in the Algerian Civil war.

1995 nov

Algeria. AQ discuss its strategy. Meanwhile the G.I.A bombs French targets in Djibuti and Senegal after receiving support from AQ by training, financing and weaponry. GIA turns AQ in the Islamic Maghreb.

1995

Bombing at Riyadh National Guard Training Centre in Saudi Arabia.

1994

Ahmed Said Khadr raise funds in Toronto. The EIG rejects the far enemy and focus in the near enemy with the Faraj's arguments. The EIJ is still reluctant to attack the United States for the great power of defense to the
movement. Salafi jihad and global salafi jihad are clearly split.

1993

New York. AQ discuss its strategy. The Mufti of EIG is arrested in NYC.

1993

Mogadishu in Somalia is a safehaven. Black Hawk down story. Using techniques from the Afghan war, jihadists shot down a U.S helicopter and the U.S abandons the U.N mission in Somalia. In feb the first attack against the
World Trade Center with no clear participation of AQ in the plot but with suspects of it. MEANWHILE Al-Zawahiri raise funds in California. By that moment Osama Bin Laden is in Somalia for being unsecure in Sudan, where it is
easy to recruit, and train internationalist jihadists, to operate, prepare and launch attacks.

1992 jan

Algeria. Group Islamic Arm (G.I.A) with Afghan leaders Qari Said, Tayyeb al-Afghani and Djafar al-Afgani, is supported by Al Qaeda under the observation of Egyptians. The followers of the mufty Sheik Omar within the E.I.G
prepare a strike in New York against the U.S at home, it would later turn into the attack of the WTC.

1991

Ayman al-Zawahiri gain the control over the EIJ and set aside Abud Al-Zumur. Rivalry from 1984 is renewed between the EIJ and the EIG with more internal divisions.

1990

Sheik Anwar Shaban. Manages the main logistic base of AQ in Europe in Milan during the decade of 90's.

1990

Development along the DECADE. Suddanesse exile of Al Qaeda discussing on the strategy with Egyptian influence of the EIJ. The new objetive of the global salafi established by Al-Zawahiri is the jihad to force Western powers to
withdraw from muslim lands in the Middle East and East Africa. Meanwhile Ali-Amin al-Rashidi, chair of AQ militar comitee + Ali Abdel Suud Mohammed Mustapha, trainer of O.B.L bodyguards + Wahid el-Hage, O.B.L personal
secretary. Form the central cluster of Al-Qaeda in the Sudanese exile. This period is marked by financial concerns because the payment of staff and families costs 6 M dollars to more than 1000 staff members. O.B.L invests in the
Sudanese industry where his followers work. STRUCTURE. AQ headquarters are established definitively in Sudan where it is coordinated the global estrategy against the far enemy with training camps in Afghanistan, Sudan,
Bosnia, Yemen and Philippines. Offices are instaled in London HQ, Spain in Madrid and Grenade, Germany in Hamburg, Milan head logistic base, Islamic Maghreb in Algeria. AQ-AP (Arabian Peninsula) is a weak autonomous cell
in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia with no terrorist activity but financing, they expand towards the South in Yemen, East in Qatar and the Emirates and Center in the desert. BROWSE: www.jihadology.net

1990

Sayyid Iman Al-Shariff goes to Yemen after being defeated by Ayman Al-Zawahiri in the internal battle for power within the E.I.J. Sayyid Iman Al-Shariff supported the end of the jihad against Western countries and bet for the
local jihad, meanwhile Al-Zawahiri following Faraj's doctrine wanted to attempt against the far enemy. E.I.G is more a social group than a terrorist group, socially embeded and with capability to carry out operations. Al-Zumur
jumps from the E.I.G to the E.I.J.

1990

Saddam Hussein ruling Iraq invades Kuwait. This is a turning point of the Jihad in Iraq, protagonized by Sunnis against the Secular rulers like him. The Gulf war takes place. Arabian Peninsula turns a new scenario for the global
salafi jihad. The new objetive of the G.S.J is to force the Western powers to withdraw from the Middle East and East Africa.

1989

Mujahedin remain in Afghanistan and pass trough a process of radicalization consisting on gradual selection, manipulation of resources from above and recognition of the single common target of the jihad. Others commit to
the global jihad in the Sudanese exile in 1991, shifting the target from the near enemy to the far enemy before turning back in Afghanistan in 1996 just about 150 of them. Some leave the mission rejecting the United States as a
new enemy following the same criteria than EIG. (picture: Mullah Omar)

1989

Sheick Abdullah Azzam is killed in Peshawar after the success in the Afghan war against the soviets, he is followed by his deputy Ossama Bin Laden to lead the Afgan-Arabs community.

1988

The URSS withdraws from Afghanistan and jihadist wants to stay but return their countries with military training and formation. Consensus to establish a base of Al-Qaeda in Afganistan is reached to train mujahedins
worldwide. Al Qaeda reorients its target toward que conquest of lands and recover of territories, establishing a Muslim world Caliphate and liberate former muslim lands from Takfirs and foreign powers. Winners reputation of
mujahedins is spread. Expatriates have no more reasons to stay in Afghanistan, where they belonging to Al Qaeda join in conflict with the Talibans (locals). Consensus to establish a base of Al-Qaeda in Afganistan is reached to
train mujahedins worldwide.

1988

Al Qaeda starts being a global consequence. It is on the vanguard of the Global Salafi Jihad since its creation including its terrorists cells to cooperate in a large scale string of operations. Member founders are Ayman AlZawahiri, Ali Amin Ali al Rashidi and Subhi Muhammad Abu Sittah, Egyptian disciples refugee from political prosecution in the Afghan Jihad. It has cluster estructure and it is created by Saudi Arabia (by funding) and Pakistan
(by training) as reaction against the URSS invasion. Pakistan support local Talibans to control the Afghan Government and the participation of the U.S resumes to the training of Pakistan military and intelligence services, who
later would train Talibans. AQ seems is the organization shaped by foreigners who go in Afghanistan to fight the jihad and finally end competing with the Talibans. AQ defends the DUAL ESTRATEGY from Egyptian Faraj
supported by Ayman Al-Zawahiri.

1987

PROPAGANDA. The E.I.J. publish a monthly magazine "THE CONQUEST" from Peshawar in Pakistan, Saidis become the E.I.G. Both E.I.J and E.I.G want to be back in Egypt but support Afghanistan like their jihaddist battlefield.
Sheik Abdallah Azzam lead and Osama Bin Laden organize and fundraise the Afghan Jihad for international Muslim volunteers. Ayman al-Zawahiri provides medical attention to Osama Bin Laden and recruit jihadist for the
organization, they remain gradually together.

1986

Ayman Al-Zawahiri is back in Peshawar (Pakistan). Departing point from where to reach Afghanistan and he is followed by others. A selection is done.

1985

Ayman Al-Zawahiri left Jeddah.

1984

RIVALRY. The limited cooperative agreement between the two groups E.I.J and E.I.G along with their majlis, was officially dissolved in 1984. Behind bars, the relative unity that had characterized the Egyptian militant Islamist movement
throughout the months prior to the Saddat assassination began to dissolve. A leadership struggle ensued between the Upper Egyptian, al-Jihad-affiliated members of al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya and the Lower Egyptian amirs (leaders) of al-Jihad. While the
Upper Egyptian members argued in support of Sheikh Omar Abd al-Rahman's leadership, the latter, loyal to al-Zumur, opposed the "rule of the blind." The E.I.G received the support from the Jemaat Islamiyaa, so it represent the confrontation among
two different perspectives of Salafism. The E.I.J from lower Egypt and the one from Bangladesh supporting the E.I.G. from the upper Egypt.

1982

Until 1986. FOUR YEARS. First wave of terrorist attacks in France by shooting and car bombing in Paris.

1982 apr

After Saddat's assassination, Egypt's vice-president, Hosni Mubarak assumed the presidency. Mubarak's response to the events of oct 1981 was swift and harsh. A total of 302 individuals, including the vast majority of both alJihad and al-Jama'a al-Islamiyya's leaders and central operatives, were arrested and prosecuted by the State Supreme Security Court in what became known as the "Jihad" case. Twenty three others, including Khalid alIslambouli and Mohammed Farraj, were tried separately by a military court. Farraj, al-Islambouli and his fellows were executed in apr 1982, while al-Zumor, Ayman al-Zawahiri (escaped in Saudi Arabia) and others from the E.I.G
were handed lengthy prison sentences.

1981 oct

oct. Egyptian President Anwar el-Sadat is killed by Tanzim al-Jihad (E.I.J), whose members had been outraged by Saddat's failure to keep his earlier promises to implement the shari'a. A 1979 law granting women more civil
rights further earned Saddat the ire of Islamists. Finally, Saddat's visit to Israel and subsequent signing of the Camp David accord in 1978 bolstered his image as a villainous "apostate" worthy of death among militant Islamists.
The plan to assassinate Saddat was initially proposed to Farraj by Khalid al-Islambouli in late sep 1981

1981 sep

Mohammed al-Islambouli is imprissoned. Anwar Saddat issued a decree calling for the arrest of 1,536 Islamist militants of Egyptian Islamic Jihad (also called Tanzim al-Jihad or al-Gihad al-Islami) for "undermining the unity of
the nation and its security." Mohammed al-Islambouli, Khalid al-Islambouli's brother, was among those listed, as well as a large number of Islamist ulema including Karam Zuhdi, the founder of al-Jama'a al-Islamiya.

1981

Osama Bin Laden receive teachings from Sheick Abdullah Azzam in Peshawar (Pakistan) .

1981

Al-zawahiri is back in Peshawar (Pakistan) and join the activities of the Red Crescent. Al-Zawahiri group suffer a security branch. Al-Qamari is imprisoned after being discovered and the plans to operate against military targets
aborted.

1980 mar

Tanzim al-Jihad (led by Faraj) tries to exert influence over the Saidi groups in upper Egypt (supported by Jamaat Islamiyya) are tried to convince to attempt against the Egyptian Government by Muhammad Abd al-Salam Faraj.
(the flag on the image written on black bacground means SHAHADA, the first pillar of Islam related to procession of faith, used by salafists to justify terrorist activities). Other names are: Egyptian Islamic Jihad [EIJ], and al-Gihad
al-Islami

1980

Faction of the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood mix with the whahabis and it bring the political SALAFISM. A new version of political islamism. It is revolutionary against the rules that don't settle with in the islamic law and
introduces the idea of offensive jihadism linked with the deffense of the Islamic law by the community. It brings some characters from communism to religion in terms of communitarianism. Salafism is not well accepted in every
muslim country, Palestine movement Hamas killed all salafists when they first came in Palestine to install their first Mosque. SALAFISM deal with the imposition of the absolute application of quranic terms with no discussion
and analogical reasoning interpreting the reality in irrational, emotional, closed, no reasonable, absolutist and fundamentalist terms. This is why it can be called FUNDAMENTALIST, due to its direct application of fundamentals
to interpreting the reality. FUNDAMENTALISM in other religions attend exactly to the ancient testament in the case of ortodox or the evangels but not the new testament, according to the Evangelists. Ortodox Jews pay
attention to the talmud strictly and Muslims literally translate the Quram. SALAFISM is a categorical term with no relative connotations like the mean of apply it, which is the Jihad. Inner jihad is the struggle with one's
weakenesses to live a virtuous life according to the rules of the quran. The thinking is categorical and bipolar due to the establishment of two categories THE MURTHAB or KAFIR (apostate or infidels) , and the TAKFIR good
muslims. Shias are considered KAFIR or infidels, so non-muslims.

1980

Salafi fighters come back in Egypt from Afghanistan from diverse countries. That's the case of Egyptians (E.I.J) who had previously fought against the Egyptian Government and had been prosecuted in Egypt, seeking refuge in
Afghanistan. They afterwards would constitute the global jihad. Ayman Al-zawahiri lead the Egyptian Islamic Jihad (EIJ) under the ideological influence of Sayyed Qutb, Sukri Mustapha and Muhammad Abd-al-Salam Faraj.
Government of General Gamal Abdel Nasser in Egypt is under threat. Ayman al-Zawahiri and Afghan mujahedins cooperate in Egypt but do not actuate, they establish their base in Egypt.

1979

Sheick Abdullah Azzam (father of the global jihad) preach successfully during the Afghan war against the URSS. Promote the global jihad worldwide and Afghanistan to be the first step in a worlwide jihad to restore the World
Caliphate, specially in Palestine, his home country. Decadence os Islam is due to 5 factors of sucumbing before the Western decadence: "1. personal redemption; 2. withdrawal; 3. imitation; 4. accomodation; 5 confrontation".
He is an Islamic traditionalist and defends the "1. Authority of the Coran; 2. Word of the Prophet; 3. Analogic interpretation of past situations adapted to present time, innovations according to scholar salafists, who want to be
back in the Dawa or Genuine Islam to avoid deviations; 4, Consensus of scholars. SALAFI JIHAD. Is the worldwide religious movement with the goal to restablishing a great Islamist State from Morocco to Philippines with no
boundaries, in order to restore the Glorious past of Islam. It has to be done by defeating Western powers. Salafism is exerted towards foreign non-muslims and bad muslims, their Governments and populations. The UMMA
(muslim community) and its individuals are obligued to expand the Islam and there are two lands: The land of Islam (Dar-al-islam) and the Land of conflict (Dar-al-arab). There is also the land of treaty (Dar-al-suhl). FATWA is the
rule issued to commit all the muslims individually to defend/support the Islam. FARD AYN is the two forms of jihad, by financing or by figthing. Sheick Abdallah Azzam raised funds, recruited, and organized the international
Islamic volunteer effort of Afghan Arabs through the 1980s, and emphasised the political ascension of Islam. He is also known as a teacher and mentor of Osama bin Laden (in 1981) , and persuaded bin Laden to come to
Afghanistan and help the jihad. In the mids 50's he joined the Muslim Brotherhood. Azzam issued a fatwa, Defense of the Muslim Lands, the First Obligation after Faith declaring that both the Afghan and Palestinian struggles
were jihads in which killing occupiers of your land (no matter what their faith) was fard ayn (a personal obligation) for all Muslims. The edict was supported by Saudi Arabia's Grand Mufti (highest religious scholar) , Abd al-Aziz
Bin Bazz. He is an ideollogical follower of Sayyid Qutb and Muhammad Abd al-Salam Faraj.

1979

Iranian Revolution succeed in taking over the country and exiling the Shah, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, which then brought about the world's first modern Muslim theocracy under the rule of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini.

1979

Liuteniant Colonel Abud al-Zumur. The EIJ is proclaimed in Egypt by Muhammad Abd al-Salam Faraj. Farraj provide the ideological blueprint for the group, military expertise was provided by Egyptian Army Liuteniant Colonel
Abud al-Zumur (in the picture) , who joined al-Jihad in early 1980. Islamic extremist group seeks to overthrow the Egyptian government and replace it with an Islamic state working in small underground cells.

1977

Muhammad Abd al-Salam Faraj. Egyptian Government crack-down. Tanzim al-Jihad starts working under the leadership of Muhammad Abd al-Salam Faraj. He rejected the Dawa (peaceful) and spread the offensive jihad. Jihad
is reduced to fight with the sword and makes no difference between great and small jihad (against foreign and local governments) . DUALISM. There are Takfir (apostates) and true Muslims. These core concepts create debate
bewteen salafists and traditionalists. Zakat is the tax mandatory to be paid for souls. The manifesto of al-Jihad al-Islami was provided by the group's founder Mohammed Abd al-Salam Farraj in the short manuscript, "al-Faridah
al-Gha'ibah" (The Neglected Duty). In the opening paragraphs, Farraj begins by stating that "Jihad for God's cause...has been neglected by the ulema of this age." While the traditional Islamic interpretation of jihad is primarily
one of personal struggle for moral rectitude, Farraj views this as an obfuscation of the truth. He contended that: "The real character of this duty is clearly spelled out in the text of the Quran: It is fighting, which means
confrontation and blood." Furthermore, he portays violent jihad as the sixth pillar of Islam, an "individual duty" that "requires a drop of sweat from every Muslim." Al-Jihad's primary goal was to establish an "Islamic State" in
Egypt, through revolution brought about by a righteous vanguard of believers. Farraj argued that jihad is not a popular struggle, for "Islam does not triumph by the majority" , giving rise to the solitary wolves and small cells to
execute terrorist attacks. The eventual goal was the reestablishment of the Muslim caliphate.

1976

Isolated Islamic communities are formed following the dictates of Sukri Mustapha, marthir of the salafi movement. They receive support from Jamaat Islamiyya with presence in the Universities of Cairo and Alexandria among
others, following to cover all segments of society. Follow the Sayyed Qutb milestones and receive help from ranked militaries who divert weapons, especially Liuteniant Colonel Abud al-Zumur.

1974

Coup d'etat in Egypt by the armed group Islamic Liberation Organization (I.L.O) is supported by the Muslim Brotherhood is followed by the execution of Salih Sirriya and others. The purpose of the organization is the reach of
power after the overthrown of the Government.

1970

Jordan. Black sep revolt is rejected by Sheik Abdallah Azzam because he rejects the fitna, confrontation between muslims. Political and religious activism within the Muslims should be pacific. Violent activism outwards and
against infidels.

1970

Along the decade of 70's. Salafism appears with the intervention of Saudies, who bring the whahabi branch. A radical but non-violent interpretation of the Islam. Salaf is "pureness" and justification of terrorism will be both,
utilitarian with some purpose and useful and moral with doctrinal basis in the moral commitment to the practice of Islam and its five pillars: Shadaha or profesion of faith; five prayings per day; Charity to other muslims; Fasting
in Ramadan and The "hajj" to Meca. Different schools of Islam bring the differences like Saudi Arabia and Pakistan are strict, Morocco growth wine or Bostnians and Indonesians drink alcohol. Furthermore ISLAMISM becomes a
political ideology derivev from whahabism, so it has to do with the distribution of power and with application of justice according to islamic rules to set a Government with no democratic rules. NO elections, distribution of
power, civil society, institutions, split of powers or human rights. Exercise of violence is allowed. DEMOCRACY is secular. WHAHABISM is a religious mean of organization, thus it is traditional, hyerarchycal, based on social order
and behaviour and respect with the authority. SALAFISM is the related to the pureness of the ancestors inmediate ones to the prophet and JIHADISM is the modern version of active political salafism. Saudi Arabia suffer a
process of radicalization togheter with Pakistan what makes the difference with Bangladesh in the extent that Bangladesh had split from India and inherited other characters from Hinduism.

1970

And following years. Saidi Groups are a minority from the Upper Egypt and are opposed to Cairo and Alexandrian counterparts (Egyptian Islamic Jihad) , covering upper Egypt social groups with violence against Copt Christians.

1967

Israel defeats Egypt. Nasser Secular social policies are put under question. Islam is fueled in front of social policies and the Muslim brotherhood is enforced. After Nasser's death, Anwar al-Sadat releases islamist prisoners and
finance them, allows them to exert influence within the universities and control social movements.

1966

Sayyid Qutb is executed in Egypt. His DISCIPLES are: 1. Hassan Al-Hudaybi, leader of the Muslim Brotherhood. 2. Salih Sirriya, who condems political system for impossinf the jahiliyya (leader of the Muslim Brotherhood too).
3. Sukri Mustapha, who leads the Jamaat al muslimin, the society of the Muslims, also known as the People of the Cave.

1964

Qutb's milestones are published. They are the Salafist Manifesto of the Salafist Jihad, the mean to form a true Islamist State like the guide to form the UMMA. In the publication he discredits the imitation, defeat the panarabism, the capitalism and communism due to violate the rules of God. Before the Islam the society was the Jahili society, no longer worthy, Western imitator, No compromised, sinner and apostate. True Muslims are
supossed to be punishers in Gods name to apostates, infidels and non-muslims with the goal of bringind them to the servitude of the Lord. The role of true Muslims turns to be removing obstacles to spread the Safa (purity) or
the Dawa. Three stages of jihad to achieve the Dawa: Inmigrate, infiltrate & Caliphate. Sayyid Qutb (1906-66) legitimize the jahiliyya.

1950

and following years . Estrategy of repression of the Salafism in Egypt, Morocco and Pakistan. Political leaders are muslim and prosecute the political salafists. Follow the imitation of Western countries of womens rights, popular
sovereignty, nationalism and constitutionalism. Modern muslim states prosecute the Salafism and according to salafists this is a FITNA or JAHILIYYA, barbarian permanent confrontation between muslims in the Arabian
Peninsula from the 200 following years after the death of the Prophet confronting Sunnis and Shias. Sunnis universally condemn the fitna but in contradition most of terrorist groups are sunnis. Sayyid Qutb (1906-66) legitimize
the jahiliyya

1941

Karam Zuhdi, founder of Jamaat al Islami. Also called Jamaat al-Islami or al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya. Is an Islamic society is created in Bangladesh with salafist nature with the goal to creating a true Islamic State under the law of
the Sharia. They support the Muslim Brotherhood although they are not coordinated and play different estrategies.

1928

Muslim Brotherhood (the Islamic Liberation Party) is created by Hasan al Banna in Egypt like a salafist political party. It is a response to the European colonialism of the XIX century ahead and the need to recover the national
dignity of Muslims. It is a period of Muslim political revivalism and rejection of the Science like something proper from the Western Countries and NON-SALAF (non-pious) . Britanics had been in Asia, South Asia and the Middle
East, French in Africa. One of his ideologists is Sayyid Qutb (1906-66), who thinks of the existence of good and bad Muslims (true ones and apostates) . He ends his days in prisson for his oposition to secular policies of Egyptian
President Nasser. He defended the TAWHID. Islamic doctrine from the XVIII century to reject the Western depravation in the Arabian Peninsula. It is the origin of wahabism and interprets the Islam in strict terms. His influence
inn the Salafi Jihad is determinant. They preach the Dawa, repudiate Qubt's violence and jihadism, publish the mothly magazine Al-Dawa and the book "preachers no judges". Receive support from Jamaat Islamiyya, although
they have different estrategies and are not coordinated.

1927

Tablighi Jamaat is created in India by Mohammad Ilya. Society for the propagation of the Islam by non-violent means. Life is lives literally according to the Prophet's life and his companions. Everyday practices are pure to fade
away the forms of corrupted lifestyle. The UMMA has to be forged into an authentic/strict submission to God and live according to the five pillars. Shahada (procession of faith); Praying regularly 5 times a day; Fasting in
Ramadan; Charity; The hajj to Meca. Tablighi society reject traditional worship of saints or tombs, establish individual responsibility to proselitism and convert others, to contribute to the DAWA: slow transformation of the
islamic society into an authentic UMMA. They are traditionalist and conservative like wahabis but they are exploited by salafists and used like undercover, that's the case of jihadists traveling to Pakistan theoretically to assits to
Tablighi Schools but in real terms join the Jihad in Afganistan.

1925

Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is created by Wahabies. Ottomans had intervened against the barbarian Wahabi-Saudi alliance, who even destroyed the tomb of the Prophet and managed to survive along 200 years isolated in the desert after being defeated
by Ottomans

ANNEX I - ISIS - THE BACKGROUND in six points

1.

1979 Iranian revolution bring deep social sectarianism with regional influence until the 2003 regional influence of the U.S invasion in Iraq.

2.

Lack of trust in Goverments, search of justice and rule of law by mean of the Sharia provided by the I.S, to find legal security.

3.

Social feeling of threatening. International coalition led by the U.S opposes the ractices of the Global State. Muslim community experiment rejection feelings against the U.S.

4.

There is no counter-information VS propaganda. I.S message is apocaliptic, analogical and promises aventure and engagement.

5.

Lack of attractive alternatives for recruits and suppporters, identity, purpose and spiritual fulfillement are promised NO ALTERNATIVES = NO ID.

6.

Effectiveness and pragmatism on Iraq and Syria. The facts to the change convince, but not the speeches. In the M.E and Africa, are encourage the seeking of security and desire to be back in the past but
not the new ways of thinking.

SCENARIO

ACTORS
Administrative staff

FACTS

Political control
To construct the old romantic idea of the
Caliphate with no regard to the fitna.

Target the near enemy unlike AQ. It is

critized by AQ.

To justify the jihad at home.

To proclamate the Caliphate after

declaring the near enemy as kafir.

Public preaching and declarations.

Are declared apostates, imitators,

corrupted, haram and infidels.

Economic funding by DAESH

Taxes on bussiness (ZAKAT), revenues from

oil, from sales of properties captured,
donations in the early days, criminal actions,
operation of factories.

To finance other operations.

Fighters

Foreign volunteers. 20.000 to 31.500

Massively supporting from overseas and

union with Jabhat al-Nusra li Ahl al Sham.

Following moral commitments.

Bashar al-Assad.

Weak position after the civil war

Theorethically by deploying MDW.

Abusive policies toward Sunnis in Syria

post Arab Spring.

Sunni tribes

No sense of juridical security and

identity

Abuses from Maliki's government since

2003 and foreign invasion.

Violence, frustration and revenge.

Abu Bakr al Bagdadi

REGIONAL LEVEL

MOTIVATION

Nationalist and religious moral approaches.

The Caliphate is created. DAESH.

Dawla al Islamiya fi al Iraq wa al
Sham (ISIS or IS)

2014

MEANS

From conquered areas is maintained Bureaucratization by supervisors or political

and controlled
commissioners.

2012

Civil population
2012

DOMESTIC LEVEL

Jabhat Al-Nusra li Ahl al Sham.

No sense of juridical security and

identity
Civil war after the frustrated Arab
Spring

Failed Arab Spring and civil war.

Frustration an dsense of revenge.

Theorethically Al-Assad deployed MDW.

To hold the regime.

2010

Abu Bakr al Bagdadi

New leadership

Creation of the Islamic State of iraq as

Caliphate.

Expansion of the departing point to

construct the World Caliphate.

2006

Abu Omar al Bagdadi

Leadership

Remains 4 years until 2010.

After the death of Abu Musab Al-Zarqawi.

AQ-I is created

Guerrilla warfare, Insurgency, Terrorism and

Common criminal actions.

To fight the Coalition forces.

Launches operations in response to

the invasion of Iraq by U.S troops.

Both domestic and International double

strategy. Suicide bombing prevail.

To expand and obtain international

attention, funds, recruits, etc.

Far enemy strategy and cooperative

strategy within muslim states.
By distorting the religious message with
Salafi thesis.
By following with no critical sense +
economic funding

Desire to rely in the past for seeking

security

2004

Abu Musab Al-Zarqawi

REGIONAL LEVEL
east and North Africa

GLOBAL LEVEL

Middle AQ-I. + AQ-AM + AQ.-EA + AQ- Period of operations and expansion is

AP
consolidated
Create moral background and
Preachers
religious legitimation.
Analogical reasoning and no critical
Supporters
sense.

Moral and utilitarian (power).

Senses of anger, frustration and outrage.

Fighters

Foreign volunteers. 20.000 to 31.500

Massively supporting from overseas.

Following moral commitments.

Abu Musab Al-Zarqawi

Launches operations in response to

the invasion of Iraq by U.S troops.

Both domestic and International double

strategy. Suicide bombing prevail.

To expand and obtain international

attention, funds, recruits, etc.

Coalition forces

Warfare scenario after the invasion

by coalition force. Weak position for
Maliki

Western support. No legitimate power.

sectarian policy on behalf of majority of

Shiias in Iraq

2003

DOMESTIC LEVEL

ISIS - THE IMPACT

SCENARIO
2015

ACTORS

Pakistan & Afganistan

Hafiz Khan Saeed

Nigeria

Abu Bakr Shekau, BH

leader

2015

Abu Bakr Shekau, BH

leader

Nigeria
2015

Iraq & Syria

FACTS

MEANS

MOTIVATION

emir of the mujahedeen of Khorasan

To survive within the IS like a part of the
by declaration followed by other Salafist
is declared as Islamic State of
territorial caliphate more than an
groups in Central Asia in competence with it
Khorasan's leader
organization

Boko Haram join DAESH

By a public pledge to Al-Baghdadi. Pledge

allegiance by giving the Bay'a in different
forms, both by declaration of by carrying
out atacks in the name of DAESH

To enroll the IS

CONSEQUENCES. Benefits for Boko Haram are the enablement to achieve its essential goal of creating/joining an Islamic
Statewith pure salafists. Abu Bakr Shekau increases his popularity in the global salafist scenario and his legitimacy as jihadist
leader. Reinforcement to Boko Haram at a time of difficulties by military offensives in Nigeria and neighbourin countries. New
notion of the Caliphate in Westa Africa. RISKS for DAESH: Defeat of BH would have repercussions for IS propaganda and
credibility as state. TWO POSSIBLE avoidance strategies: 1. BH could increase attacks against foreigners in West AFrica. 2. BH
could encourage to retreat from Nigeria to Sahel near supporting networks.

BH & IS

Fussion orgs

To construct the World I.S. by assuming

short and long terms risks

to improve influx of menpower, financial

support, share identity, enlarge reach of
propaganda, recruitment and tactics

IS VS AQ

To inject enthusiam

declaring itself a Caliphate and renewing AQ

AQ is antiquated

IS VS AQ

It is integrated terrorism

by a leaderless and horizontal organization

in a way of participative terrorism

AQ is leadered and up-to down

organized, emerging cells worlwide had
no scenario

IS VS AQ

It is territorial

By declaring the sovereingty over a territory

AQ was disperse worldwide and

borderless

IS VS AQ

More operative

IS VS AQ

Horizontal operations

IS VS AQ

Realist approach

Involving criminal activities into horizontal AQ's financiation was vertical down-to-up
financiation of terrorism
by affiliate groups
Decentralization: Salafist ideology,
AQ's centralization: Salafist ideology, nonprofessional counterintelligence and urban profesional operatives and no low impact
warfare tactics.
tactics
Nationalist and religious ideological
AQ's Idealist and religious approaches.
approaches.

IS VS AQ

Resiliency

By resisting attacks

AQ prone to copy strategy in Asia

IS VS AQ

Economic background

IS is the richest terrorist group worldwide

AQ is starved of funds since 2001

IS VS AQ
IS VS AQ
officials

IS

New model of governance in Islamic

countries receiving support by some

suppying administrative jobs and trying to

construct their own currency and
administrative structure

Strenght its claim of full statehood

IS

Territorial expansion

By declaring sovereignty over the territory

To establish physical demarcation

Nigeria, Lybia

IS VS AQ

it is a Micro state

By territorial control in failed states

AQ' PROTECTIONNISM, to parasite other

protector states and protect domestic
organizations

Claimed Islamic belt

IS VS AQ

To gain support of domestic

organizations

By creating tension with AQ

To compete VS AQ

Sunni tribes

Where opressed by Shiite regime

controlling Mosul with help of Sunni offcials

To take revenge and start its expansion

Sunni tribes

Retreat Government

help of Iraqi officials

to guarantee expansion

IS & Boko Haram

Reject of national boundaries

by transnational attacks and BH to give the

Bay'a to DAESH

to construct a regional organization

IS

Integration

Attaching territories inmediately adjacent to

those under control

expansin of the Caliphate

Iraq & Syria

2014 - Lybia
REGION
LEVEL

Domestic level
Syria & Iraq; Nigeria, Cameroon &
Chad

GLOBAL
LEVEL

MIXED economy based on regular economy

AQ funded by organize crime activities.
and organized crime. Oil and antiques are
Drugs trafficking by AQ groups worldwide
main funds for IS
Facilitator to reestablishment of
To set original doctrine into practice Foundational core of the Islamic Caliphate
Caliphate
Have cooperated to the construction
Syria was initial operational base
To operate in Iraq
of the IS
Increase in operational capability

IS

Wellcoming worldwide groups that pledge

allegiance giving the bay'a to its Caliph ABU Weak expansin of the Caliphate due to
BAKR AL-BAGDADI. Bay'a has to be given by
unsecure communications. Maintain
Global integration within a collectivist
an organization and accepted by the IS that global structure is not possible with no
horizontal and participative structure
recognizes the integration and establish a
bad image of unability to defend its
direct line of communication to receive
conquested territory
information and orders

IS

Weak organizations embedded.

Operational security is compromised

Unsecure communications

Weak expansin of the Caliphate

ANNEX II - Terrorist Afiliations in Context and Intergroup Cooperation

Afiliation is a common feature in jihadist groups with logistical, recruiting, training, tactical and operational objetives.
FOUR TYPES:
Mergers

High-end cooperation
Strategic alliances

Low-end cooperation
Tactical

Transational

Unification of groups' command and

control structures

Shared knowledge and resources

Shorter in duration than high-end ones

Full autonomy is retained

Groups give up autonomy and create a

new identity

Distinct command and control structures;

ownership over respective asset remains

Limited to domestic activities in the middle

range

Specific material exchanges or

operational activities

Essential factor is the common ideology

High degree of ideological affinity and trust

Pragmatism over ideological similarity and

utilitarianism over moral conditioning

Ideological cooperation not

necessary but it may become first
steps for future cooperation

Beneficial in financial and identity crises,

adoption of a new brand

Generally similar strategy

Share goals but not neccessarily means

OPERATIONAL

Ideological, strategic or tactical issues can

break up mergers

ESTRATEGIC

Based on shared interests than can diverge

EXAMPLE:

FULL MERGE

EXAMPLES:

Common militant groups in civil wars

EXAMPLES:
Lebanese Hizbullah
Qaedat al-Jihad between Al-Zawahiri's EIJ
and AQ

FAILED: ISIL after split of AQ and later lost of

trust
SUCCEED: AQ-C + AQ-AP, AQ-IM, Al-Shabaab
(AQ-EA) and Jabhat Al Nusra

TACTICAL
EXAMPLES:
Sunni AQ + Shiite Hizbullah

Operation to liberate Tigers of Tamil

in Sri Lanka thanks to cooperation of
an international arms seller and
advisor on weapons handling

ANNEX III - Letters from Abbottabad

Intro
AQ +
Regional
groups
AQ +
affiliates
AQ +
Pakistan
AQ + Iran

AQ-C
Affiliates
AQ-I / ISI

17 declasified documents to show OBL worried for the Muslim civilian casualties by domestic attacks and trying to focus in the US like "desired goal". Documents are structured in FOUR
SECTIONS. 1. describing the documents format. 2. decordinated relationship between AQ-C and the affiliates. 3. AQ's relationship with Iran and Pakistan. 4. AQ's future as a social activist
movement in response to the Arab Spring to gather Muslim's support.
OBL frustrated with regional jihadist groups and their inability to exercise control over their actions and public statements. There is a wrong perception of expansion of AQ-C from Pakistan
outwards due to the regional affiliate groups that declare Bay'a (pledge) to OBL and AQ, and whose actions are revindicated by AQ. Relations have to do with strategic guidance, indoctrination
and tactical training but no direct enrollment.
Anarchical regional organization with respect to AQ-C. OBL si burdened by the incompetence and the ineffectiveness of affiliates, including the lack of political acumen to win support, the poorly
planned operations and massive deaths of civilian Muslims.
Tehrik-e-Taliban (TTP) is considered as one primary partner in Waziristan although did not pledge allegiance to AQ with transational and tactical cooperation ties. Abu Bashir (TTP's leader)
receives instructions to focus operations within the U.S. Ishara (visa) is a problem because it involves the moral conflict of lending an oath of not to harm America, therefore it cannot be violated
from a Muslim perspective. It is condemned by AQ leaders the indiscriminate targeting of Muslims in mosques and marketplaces by TTP operatives.
Western frontier of Afghanistan and Iran is considered like an alternative base for activities in Afghanistan in order to escape and evade the intrusion of U.S special operations forces. Supporters
in Iran facilitate logistical support but Iran arrests jihadists massively. Iranians do not release jihadist prisoners to forge a bond and use them like a bargaining chip. Mutual distrust and
antagonism with Iran maintaning in prison jihadists for years after massive arrests
Affiliates want to merge but there is no full agreement with three positions. 1. To remain faithful to the original principles and declare distance from independent groups which do not consult
AQ but act in its name. 2. Inclusion of regional jihadist groups for the AQ's growth and expansion. 3. OBL mix strategy to maintain communication to provide advice with no formal merge.
Conceptual construction by otusiders appoint at a hyerarchical centralized organization. OBL is concerned with unnecessary collateral damage to distort the jihadist image before the Umma. He
has a self-critic spirit and demands to accomplish the rules
ISI/AQ-I; AQAP; TTP and Al Shabab. Internal debates among senior leaders. Three positions in respect to this.
Created in oct/2004 by giving Bay'a to OBL. Public admission of Abu Mussab Al-Zarqawi's group in Iraq in december/2004. Divisions between jihadist groups in Iraq due to Abu Omar AlBagdhadi's policy of massive casualties. OBL hopes to reunite again after his death. Adam Ghadahn prepares an Arabic statement addressed to Christian Arabs invoking the spirit of Islamic
tolerance but Catholic church was attacked by AQ-I . AQ-I's policy is compared by AQ like George Bush's policy, repelled by Europeans and intellectuals. Adam Ghadahn consider extremist and
unfair targeting Catholic Churches by AQ-I.

AQ-AP

Most dangerous affiliate are Yemenis. Abu Bashir (AQAP leader) declares to be ready for declaring an Islamic State in Yemen and seeks blessing from AQ-C. Attacks on official targets like police
and military with civilian casualties. OBL insist on not to attack the Yemeni government but the U.S targets specially and play economic jihad on infraestructures. Plan to stablish an AQ platform
for the jihad against the far enemy (Western cruzaders and firsty the US) in AQ-AP (Yemen) . Lack of discipline, enthusiasm and ignorance of new jihadists bring misstrust in order to operate
qualitative attacks. Insurgency operations with expantionist intentions block trust from AQ-C's leaders.

Al-Shabab

Little practical valuie in recognize the group's pledge of loyalty (Bay'a). Leader is Mukthar Abu al-Zubayr request merge with AQ-C and consults on the declaration of an Islamic State in Somalia.
Question is declined by OBL for two reasons. 1. Avoid an excuse to the enemy to mobilize against Somalia. 2. Extrem poverty in Somalia due to ongoing wars.

OBL plans

Conclusion

2011. One week before diying (Two strategies). 1. Letter in respond to the Arab Spring, OBL is convince of the domino effect of the Arab Spring in the Arab region under revolutions. People
should be excited and channeled throuhout AQ like a social movement as part of a media campaign. 2. Islamic obligation to continue the jihad in Afghanistan, Muslims elsewhere regained
confidence and courage to revolt against their rulers fighting the US. Intention for his son Hamza to become a Preacher after course studies in religion in Qatar and preach the Umma as a free
man.
OBL is not the pupet master western countries believed to be. He was burdened by regional group's incompetence. AQAP is dessigned to appeal American jihadists and launch attacks in
America. OBL becomes an outdated jihadist model centered in planning and the means, not the goals. In contrast to the new indiscriminated jihad by "lone wolfs" as "New Age Jihad". Suicide
operations have to be planned with the correlation of at least two bombers due to the concern on the psychological factor within the bomber alone. Regional groups are eager to declare islamic
states and OBL advice to declare Emirates (or provinces) and secure social support winning small battles defeating the US.