University of Szeged, Faculty of

MedicineDepartment of Anatomy,
Histology and Embryology

HISTOLOGY PRACTICE 1.
Introduction
Epithelia
Molnr Gergely
2014

Tissue preparation for microscopy

Fixation: e. g. formaldehyde, alcohols
(dehydration, solvent change)
Embedding: e. g. paraffin
Sectioning: microtome usually 8-20m thick
(paraffin extraction, solvent change )
Staining:
most common: hematoxylin-eosin (H&E)
special dyes: PAS, orcein, silver impregnation

Covering

The microscope

TOTAL MAGNIFICATION:
magn. of the ocular magn. of the objective

Ocular lens
Head locking screw

Objective lens Revolver

Arm (Handhold)

Stage

Focusing knobs:
coarse focus knob
fine focus knob

Condenser
(Diaphragm)

Mains
Stage position
adjustment knobs
Brightness

The types of epithelial tissues

Covering epithelia
simple covering epithelia

simple squamous epithelium

simple cuboidal epithelium
simple columnar epithelium
pseudostratified columnar epithelium

stratified covering epithelia

stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium

stratified squamous keratinized epithelium
stratified cuboidal epithelium
stratified columnar epithelium
urothelium (transitional epithelium)

Glandular epithelia
serous
mucinous

Sensory epithelium
Pigmented epithelium

34. Kidney (HE, 40x):

1. Simple squamous epithelium

Cortex

Medulla

Renal pelvis

renal corpuscle

34. Kidney (HE):

2. Simple cuboidal epithelium
simple cuboidal
epithelium

simple squamous
epithelium

Cortex

Medulla

Renal pelvis

renal tubules

34. Kidney (HE):

3. Simple columnar epithelium
simple cuboidal
epithelium

simple (low) columnar

epithelium

Cortex

Medulla

Renal pelvis

Endothel
(simple squamous
epithelium)

Renal tubules

34. Kidney (HE, 40x): 4. Urothelium (transitional ep.)

Cortex

Renal pelvis
3
1 2
Medulla

Renal pelvis

1. columnar basal cell layer

2. polygonal (pear shaped) cells
3. superficial facet (umbrella) cells

3
1 2

full bladder; stretched state

relaxed urothelium
(in ureter)

32. Trachea (HE):

Pseudostratified ciliar columnar
epithelium
Lumen

Kinocilia

Tracheal cartilage

Lumen

Membranous wall
(sectioned)

20. Esophagus (HE, 40x):

Stratified squamous
nonkeratinized epithelium

Lumen

3. Stratum planocellulare

2. Stratum polygonale
(Str. spinosum)
1. Stratum basale
(Str. germinativum)
Basement membrane

54. Finger skin epidermis (HE, 10x):

Stratified squamous keratinized epithelium

5. Stratum corneum

EPIDERMIS

4. Stratum lucidum
3. Stratum granulosum
2. Stratum polygonale
1. Stratum basale
(Str. germinativum)

DERMIS

connective tissue papillae

of the dermis

54. Finger skin epidermis (HE, 40x):

Stratified squamous keratinized epithelium
5. Stratum corneum
4. Stratum lucidum
3. Stratum granulosum
EPIDERMIS
2. Stratum polygonale

1. Stratum basale
(Str. germinativum)

Basement
membrane
DERMIS
connective tissue papillae
of the dermis

Glandular epithel

A) direction of the secretion:

endocrine
exocrine: duct + secretory portion

B) type of the secretion:

B

merocrine
apocrine
holocrine

C) type of the secret:

mucous
serous

D) position of the gland:

endoepithelial
exoepithelial

E) form of the gland:

simple, coiled, branched and compound
tubular, alveolar (acinar), tubuloalveolar (tubuloacinar)

1. Unicellular glands (small intestine): Goblet cells (40x)

(endoepithelial + mucous + exocrine glands)
periodic acid-Schiff stain (PAS) + hematoxylin

Simple columnar epithelium

of intestinal villi

Brush border

Goblet cells
(inflated, PAS-positive granula;
displaced basophilic nucleus)

en
Lum

32. Trachea ( HE, 20x):

Exocrine glands
(Tracheal glands)

Tracheal
cartilage

Serous acini

Pseudostratified
ciliated columnar
epithelium

Mucous acini

Giannuzzis serous demilune

Identify the type of the

epithelia in the following
sections!
Name the structures shown
by the arrows!

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.
Type of the
epithelium?

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

1.

2.

12.

3.

2.
1.

13.

The type of the

gland?

14.

15.

16.
Name of the
structure?

Type of the acini?

Name of the
staining technique?

17.

18.

19.

1.

4.
2.
3.

5.

20.

21.

22.

23.

24.

25.

26.

27.

Correct answers:

1. Simple columnar epithelium (small intestine)

2. Stratified columnar epithelium (male urethra)
3. Urothelium with umbrella cells (urinary bladder)
4. Stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium and simple squamous
epithelium (cornea)
5. Pseudostratified ciliated epithelium (respiratory tract)
6. Goblet cells stained with PAS (small intestine)
7. Simple cuboidal epithelium (medulla of kidney)
8. Stratified columnar epithelium (male urethra)
9. Simple columnar epithelium (gallbladder)
10.Stratified squamous keratinized epithelium (skin)
11.Simple columnar epithelium HE + goblet cells (1.), brush border (2.)
stained with PAS (duodenum)

12. Stratified squamous keratinized epithelium (str. granulosum (1.),

lucidum (2.), corneum(3.)
13. Stratified columnar epithelium + multicellular endoepithelial gland
(male urethra)
14. Pseudostratified ciliated epithelium (tail of the epididymis)
15. Mesothelium
16. Mucinous acini + ductus salivaris stained for mucin (mucicarmin)
(glandula subligualis)
17. Urothelium with umbrella cells (urinary bladder)
18. Serous acini (parotis)
19. Pseudostratified ciliated epithelium + goblet cells (1.) + demilune of
Gianuzzi (2.) + serous acini (3.) + duct (4.) + mucinous acinus (5.)
(respiratory tract)
20. Stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium (esophagus, vagina)
21. Urothelium (ureter)
22. Simple columnar epithelium (uterus)

23. Simple cuboidal epithelium (medulla of kidney)

24. Pseudostratified ciliated epithelium (respiratory tract)
25. Simple ciliated columnar epithelium (oviduct)
26. Simple squamous and cuboidal epithelium (medullary zone of the
kidney)
27. Pseudostratified ciliated epithelium (tail of the epididymis)