28 lug 2015 18:34:15 - Generator_verification-Jordan.

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Short circuit calculation

Calculation of short circuit currents of a synchronous generator
Generator Data :
Vn 400 V

Urg 400 V

Sn 1500 kW

Cmax 1,1

cos

0,8
f 50 Hz

acos 0,8

x''d 14

T''d 0,019 s

x''q 14,6

T'd 0,330 s

x'd 28

Ta 0,02971 s

0,64350111

xd 320
x2 14,3
xo 4,8
Data from DOC Generator database

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Calculation of the impedance of the generator

Zg

2
Vn
Sn

Zg 0,10666667

x''d
Zg
100
X''d
2 f Ta

X''d

X''d 0,01493333

Rg

Rg 0,00159994

xi

x''d x''q
2

Xi

xi
Zg
100

Xo

xo
Zg
100

Xi 0,01525333

Xo 0,00512

Zdg Rg i X''d
Zig Rg i Xi
Zog Rg i Xo

Zdg

0,00159994 0,01493333 i

Zig

0,00159994 0,01525333 i

Zog

0,00159994 0,00512 i

DOC results:
On DOC you can check the value of the resistance of the synchronous
machine, indicated as Ra = Stator Resistance @20C :

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Short circuit calculation according to Symmetrical components method

Three phase initial short ciruit current

Vn
3 Zdg

Ik3

Ik3 15,37673823 kA

Two-phase initial short ciruit current

Ik2

Vn
Zdg Zig

Ik2 13,17704886 kA

Single phase inizial short circuit current

Ik1

Zdg

3 Vn
Zig Zog

Ik1 19,39588155 kA

DOC does not show the initial symmetrical short circuit current!
It calculates only the value of short circuit currents at t = 10ms

Power method for three phase short circuit current

Sn
100
x''d

Skg

I3

Skg
3 Vn

I3 15,46473935 kA

Note :
This method is not precise, but can be used for a quick manual calculation
of short circuit current. It permits only the calcualtion of three
phase short circuit current.

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Calculation of short circuit current according to IEC 60909-1

NOTE taken by IEC 60909-2 Standard:
Impedance correction factor :
In case of generators, the short circuit voltage can exceed the 10% of the
rated voltage, so the c factor is not enough.
To solve this problem was introduced the impedance correction factor.

Calculation of impedance of synchronous generator according to IEC

Resistance of synchronous generator :

Rg 0,00159994

Correction factor :
Kg

Vn
Urg

Cmax
x''d
sin
1
100

Kg 1,01476015

Positive sequence impedance :

RdgK Kg Rg

RdgK 0,00162356

XdgK X''d Kg

XdgK 0,01515375
ZdgK 0,00162356 0,01515375 i

ZdgK RdgK i XdgK

ZdgK 0,01524048
Negative sequence impedance :
XigK 0,015

XigK Xi Kg

ZigK 0,00162356 0,01547847 i

ZigK Kg Zig

Zero sequence impedance :

XogK 0,005

XogK Kg Xo
ZogK Kg Zog

ZogK 0,00162356 0,00519557 i

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Short circuit current calculation according to IEC

Initial symmetrical short circuit current I''k

Three phase short circuit of a generator working alone

I''KLLL

Cmax Vn
3 ZdgK

I''KLLL 16,66838424 kA

DOC result:
The inizial short circuit current is visible in the mask of the
busbar, under short circuit page -> Details -> I2k
It is necessary to switch-off 3 generators with configuration function in order to
check the short circuit calculation for one single generator.

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Two phase initial short circuit

I''KLL

Cmax Vn
ZdgK ZigK

I''KLL 1505,70665579 14204,34783831 i A

I''KLL 14,28392978 kA

DOC results:

Single phase initial short circuit current

I''KL

3 Cmax Vn
ZdgK ZigK ZogK

I''KL 2839,28380283 20885,26705293 i A

I''KL 21,07737916 kA

DOC results:

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Calculation of peak short circuit currents

Peak three phase short circuit current ip
ipLLL kp

2 I''KLLL

Rgf 0,15 X''d

kp 1,02 0,98 exp

3 Rg
X''d

kp 1,731

ipLLL 40,79527189 kA

Peak two phase short circuit current ip

kpll 1,02 0,98 exp

6 Rg
Xi X''d
kpll 1,733

ipLL kpll

2 I''KLL
ipLL 35,008 kA

Peak single phase short circuit current ip

ipL kp

2 I''KL

ipL 51,58612864 kA

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DOC results:

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Calculation of DC component or Short circuit currents

DC component of the three phase short-circuit current
t 10 ms
idcLLL

2 I''KLLL exp

2 f t

Rg
X''d

idcLLL 16,836 kA

DOC results:

DC component of the two phase short-circuit current

idcLL

2 I''KLL exp

2 f t

2 Rg
X''d Xi
idcLL 14,479 kA

DOC reuslts:

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DC component of the single phase short-circuit current

idcL

2 I''KL exp

2 f t

3 Rg
X''d Xi Xo

DOC rsults:

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idcL 19,447 kA

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Calculation of symmetrical short circuit breaking current Ib

Near to a generator the three phase symmetrical short circuit current
is not equal to the initial short circuit current, but can be calculated.
For two-phase and single-phase fault, it is possible to consider the
symmetrical short circuit current equal to the initial short circuit
current.

Symmetrical three phase short circuit breaking current near Generator

In

Sn
3 Vn

In 2165,06350946A

rated current of generator

in DOC the rated current of generator is visible in Generator mask

command -> Help of rated appearent power

I''KLLL
7,6987969
In

exp

0,26 8,82 0,10094293

It is possible to calculate the factor for t=20ms using the

following formula, it is to used to calculate Ib.

0,84 0,2 exp

0,26

I''KLLL
In

0,867

IbLLL I''KLLL

IbLLL 14,452 kA

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DOC results:
DOC is able to calculate the symmetrical three phase short circuit
current by using an interpolation of the formulas of Standard.

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Calculation of short circuit currents in non meshed networks with more

sources

In this case the short circuit crrent is the sum of each individual branch
of short circui currents

Example for n generators working in parallel the short circuit

current at the busbar is
n 4
I''KLLLn n I''KLLL
I''KLLLn 66,67353696 kA

Maximum prospective short circuit current calculated at terminal of genset 1 is given

by the sum of the other 3 gneset, it is not reported inside DOC, but it is possible to
check the calculation for symmetrical short circuit current calcultaed at 10ms and
used for breaker selection.
Select "Details" in the circuit breaker mask to see the symmetrical short circuit
current

ILLLb 15,65 A
ILLLbCB1 3 ILLLb

ILLLbCB1 46,95 A

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The same procedure can be used for all other short circuit currents.

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