Virtual Hosting Howto With Virtual Min On CentOS 5

Virtual Hosting Howto With Virtualmin On CentOS 5.
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Version 1.0.1
Author: Andrew Colin Kissa <andrew [at] topdog [dot] za [dot] net>
Last edited 14/04/2008
Introduction
This tutorial shows how to set up a CentOS 5.x server to offer all services needed by virtual web
hosters. These include web hosting, smtp server with (SMTP-AUTH and TLS, SPF, DKIM,
Domainkeys), DNS, FTP, MySQL, POP3/IMAP, Firewall, Webalizer for stats.
I will use the following software:
 Database Server: MySQL 5.0.22

 Mail Server: Postfix 2.3.3
 NS Server: BIND9 9.3.3
 Web Server: Apache 2.2.3 /PHP 5.1.6
 FTP Server: Vsftpd 2.0.5
 POP3/IMAP server: Dovecot 1.0
 Webalizer: for site statistics 2.01_10
 Virtualmin: Control panel
OS Installation
Requirements
To install the system you will need
 CentOS 5.1 Install media

 A good internet connection
Install The Base System
NOTE Some stages of the installation are not described here in interest of keeping the howto
short, The grub configuration stages are left out for instance.
 Boot from the DVD or CD media and at the boot prompt type linux text.
 Skip the media test.
 Select your language:
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(JavaScript must be enabled in your browser to view the large image as an image overlay.)
 Select keyboard layout:
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 Configure your network, I will be using dhcp if you do not have dhcp you can use static
entries.
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 Select Yes to initialize drive:
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 Select custom layout for partitioning type:
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 Create partitions:
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7
8
9
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 Configure networking:
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Set IP address and netmask:
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Set gateway and dns servers:
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Set the hostname:
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 Set the timezone:
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 Set the root password:
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 Select server group and select customize software selection:
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 Package groups select as follows:

o DNS name server
 bind-chroot
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 Editors
o vim-enhanced
 FTP server
 Mail server
o dovecot
o spamassassin
o postfix
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 Mysql Database
o mysql-server
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 Web server
o mod_ssl
o webalizer
o php
o php-pear
o http-suexec
o php-mysql
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Start the installation:
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File system is formatted:
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The installation will run:
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Reboot the system:
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Services To Disable
To enhance security and free system resources on the system we need to disable any services that
are not required. You can run this script to do this for you.
 acpid
 anacron
 apmd
 autofs
 bluetooth
 cups
 firstboot
 gpm
 haldaemon
 messagebus
 mdmonitor
 hidd
 ip6tables
 kudzu
 lvm2-monitor
 netfs
 nfslock
 pcscd
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 portmap
 rpcgssd
 rpcidmapd
 sendmail
 smartd
 yum-updatesd
Basics
We need to fix a few issues to prepare the system for configuration.
 Install updates
yum upgrade
 Switch the mta to postfix
alternatives --config mta
There are 2 programs which provide 'mta'.

Selection Command
-----------------------------------------------
1 /usr/sbin/sendmail.postfix
*+ 2 /usr/sbin/sendmail.sendmail
Enter to keep the current selection[+], or type selection number: 1
 Install caching-nameserver config:
yum install caching-nameserver
 Install Build tools:
yum install gcc cpp gcc-c++ automake automake14 automake15 automake16 automake17
openssl-devel subversion ncurses-devel -y
Configure Network Alias
cp /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0:1
Modify the file /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0:1 to look like this:

DEVICE=eth0:1
BOOTPROTO=static
BROADCAST=192.168.1.255
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IPADDR=192.168.1.6
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
NETWORK=192.168.1.0
ONBOOT=yes
Install Webmin / Virtualmin
 Import webmin pgp key:
wget http://www.webmin.com/jcameron-key.asc
rpm --import jcameron-key.asc
 Download the rpm:
wget http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/webadmin/webmin-1.390-1.noarch.rpm
 Verify the rpm (should say OK or else download again):
rpm --checksig webmin-1.390-1.noarch.rpm
 Install the rpm:
rpm -Uvh webmin-1.390-1.noarch.rpm
Initial Webmin Config
We need to secure webmin by editing /etc/webmin/miniserv.conf and make the following

changes:
 Using SSL only:
ssl=1
 Change the port to 443 and bind to the second nic only:
port=443
bind=192.168.1.6
 Disable UDP broadcasts:
#listen=10000
 Change host lockout on login failures to 3 :
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blockhost_failures=3
 Increase host lockout timeout to 120:
blockhost_time=120
 Change user lockout on login failures to 3:
blockuser_failures=3
 Change user lockout timeout to 120:
blockuser_time=120
 Change the realm to something else:
realm=cpanel
 Log logins to utmp:
utmp=1
Install the webmin Tiger theme:
 Login to webmin via https://192.168.1.5:10000 using root and your password.

 Go to webmin ? Configuration ? webmin themes.
 Select From ftp or http URL and enter http://www.stress-free.co.nz/files/theme-
stressfree.tar.gz
 Click install theme.
 Click "return to list themes".
 Select StressFree as the Current theme then click change.
Install php-pear module:
 Go to webmin ? webmin configuration ? webmin modules.

 Select Third party module from and enter
http://www.webmin.com/download/modules/php-pear.wbm.gz.
 Click install module.
Install virtualmin:
 Go to webmin ? webmin configuration ? webmin modules.

 Select install from ftp or http URL and enter
http://download.webmin.com/download/virtualmin/virtual-server-3.51.gpl.wbm.gz
 Click install module.
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Remove unwanted modules Go to webmin ? webmin configuration ? delete and select the
following:
 ADSL client
 Bacula backup system
 CD Burner
 CVS Server
 Cluster change passwords
 Cluster copy files
 Cluster cron jobs
 Cluster shell commands
 Cluster software packages
 Cluster usermin servers
 Cluster users and groups
 Cluster webmin servers
 Command shell
 Configuration engine
 Custom commands
 DHCP server
 Fetchmail mail retrieval
 File manager
 Frox ftp proxy
 HTTP Tunnel
 Heartbeat monitor
 IPsec VPN
 Jabber IM server
 LDAP server
 Logical volume management
 Majordomo list manager
 NFS exports
 NIS client and server
 OpenSLP server
 PPP dialin server
 PPP dialup client
 PPTP vpn server
 PPTP vpn client
 Postgresql database server
 Printer admin
 ProFTPD server
 QMAIL mail server
 SMART drive status
 SSH / Telnet login
 SSL tunnels
 SAMBA windows file sharing
 Scheduled commands
 Sendmail mail server
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 Shoreline firewall
 Squid analysis report generator
 Squid proxy server
 Voicemail server
 WU-FTP server
 Idmapd server
Restart webmin:
service webmin restart
Configure Rpmforge Repo
rpm -Uhv http://packages.sw.be/rpmforge-release/rpmforge-release-0.3.6-1.el5.rf.i386.rpm
NOTE: If you are using a different architecture check on

https://rpmrepo.org/RPMforge/Using for the correct rpm
 Disable the repo (such that base packages not overwritten) edit /etc/yum.d/rpmforge.repo
and set the following option:
enabled = 0
Install Extra Required Packages
 Install clamav:
yum --enablerepo=rpmforge install clamav clamav-db clamav-milter clamd -y

wget http://www.topdog-software.com/files/clamav-milter.patch
patch /etc/init.d/clamav-milter < clamav-milter.patch
chkconfig --del clamd
freshclam
 Install sanesecurity signatures:
wget http://www.sanesecurity.co.uk/clamav/update_sanesecurity.txt -O
/usr/local/bin/update_sanesecurity.sh
chmod +x /usr/local/bin/update_sanesecurity.sh
ln -s /usr/local/bin/update_sanesecurity.sh /etc/cron.hourly/
/usr/local/bin/update_sanesecurity.sh
 Install PHP eaccelerator:
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yum --enablerepo=rpmforge install php-eaccelerator
 Install newer spamassassin package from rpmforge:
yum --enablerepo=rpmforge upgrade spamassassin
 Install spamass-milter:
yum --enablerepo=rpmforge install spamass-milter
 Install perl modules required by spamassassin:
perl -MCPAN -e 'install Mail::SPF'

perl -MCPAN -e 'install Mail::SPF::Query'
perl -MCPAN -e 'install Net::Ident'
perl -MCPAN -e 'install IP::Country::Fast'
perl -MCPAN -e 'install Mail::DomainKeys'
perl -MCPAN -e 'install Mail::DKIM'
 Install fuzzyOCR:
yum --enablerepo=rpmforge install netpbm-progs ocrad gocr gifsicle giflib-utils giflib -y

svn co https://svn.own-hero.net/fuzzyocr/trunk/devel/
cd devel/
perl -MCPAN -e 'install String::Approx'
perl -MCPAN -e 'install Time::HiRes'
perl -MCPAN -e 'install Log::Agent'
cp -rv
{FuzzyOcr.cf,FuzzyOcr.scansets,FuzzyOcr.preps,FuzzyOcr.pm,FuzzyOcr.words,FuzzyOcr/}
/etc/mail/spamassassin
chcon -R system_u:object_r:etc_mail_t
/etc/mail/spamassassin/{FuzzyOcr.cf,FuzzyOcr.scansets,FuzzyOcr.preps,FuzzyOcr.pm,FuzzyOc
r.words,FuzzyOcr/}
wget http://www.gbnetwork.co.uk/mailscanner/FuzzyOcr.words -O
/etc/mail/spamassassin/FuzzyOcr.words
 Install Razor:
yum --enablerepo=rpmforge install razor-agents -y
 Install roundcube:
yum install php-imap

rpm -Uvh http://www.topdog-software.com/oss/roundcube/roundcube-0.1-rc2.noarch.rpm
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 Install imapproxy:
wget http://imapproxy.org/downloads/up-imapproxy-1.2.6.tar.gz
rpmbuild -tb up-imapproxy-1.2.6.tar.gz
rpm -Uvh /usr/src/redhat/RPMS/i386/up-imapproxy-1.2.6-1.i386.rpm
 Activate services:
chkconfig --level 345 httpd on

chkconfig --level 345 postfix on
chkconfig --level 345 spamassassin on
chkconfig --level 345 spamass-milter on
chkconfig --level 345 clamav-milter on
chkconfig --level 345 mysqld on
chkconfig --level 345 named on
chkconfig --level 345 vsftpd on
chkconfig --level 345 dovecot on
chkconfig --level 345 imapproxy on
Configuration
Postfix Setup
Introduction
We will be setting up postfix with the following features:
 Virtual hosting
 UCE prevention
 Anti virus
 SMTP authentication
 TLS
 RBLs
 SPF
 Attack mitigation
The adding of accounts and domains with be configured through virtualmin although it can be
done manually as well. The setup is designed to be resource friendly so should be able to run on
machines that are not over spec'ed so enabling the resources to be put to better use. To make it
resource friendly we are not using external databases to store virtual user information like most
other how-to's do as well as using milters for spam and virus checking as opposed to running
amavisd-new.
The Basics
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To begin with we will configure the basics such as the hostname, mail origin, networks, hash
maps spool directory. All these configuration options should be added to /etc/postfix/main.cf
unless stated. Sample configuration files are available for download at the end of this page.
command_directory = /usr/sbin
daemon_directory = /usr/libexec/postfix
mydomain = example.com
myorigin = $mydomain
mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8
alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases
alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases
canonical_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/canonical
sender_canonical_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/canonical
recipient_canonical_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/canonical
virtual_alias_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/virtual
mail_spool_directory = /var/spool/mail
Maildir
We will use the much improved maildir format as opposed to the default mbox format:
home_mailbox = Maildir/
SASL
To perform SMTP authentication we will be using SASL, however we will not use the Cyrus
SASL as that requires us to run the saslauthd daemon, we will instead use dovecot sasl since we
will be running dovecot for IMAP and POP3 thus killing 2 birds with one stone.
smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot
smtpd_sasl_path = private/auth
smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes
TLS
We need TLS to ensure that the plain text passwords are not transmitted over the wire during
SMTP authentication, servers that support TLS are also able to communicate with this server
over a secured connection.
Instructions on creating your server certificate signed by cacert.org are can be found here.
 Set TLS random source:
tls_random_source = dev:/dev/urandom
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Enable server TLS:
smtpd_use_tls = yes
smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/pki/postfix/key.pem
smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/pki/postfix/server.pem
smtpd_tls_CAfile = /etc/pki/postfix/root.crt
smtpd_tls_loglevel = 1
smtpd_tls_received_header = yes
smtpd_tls_session_cache_timeout = 3600s
smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:/var/spool/postfix/smtpd_tls_cache
 Enable client TLS:
smtp_use_tls = yes
smtp_tls_key_file = /etc/pki/postfix/key.pem
smtp_tls_cert_file = /etc/pki/postfix/server.pem
smtp_tls_CAfile = /etc/pki/postfix/root.crt
smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:/var/spool/postfix/smtp_tls_cache
smtp_tls_note_starttls_offer = yes
Spam Prevention
 Require a valid EHLO / HELO:
smtpd_helo_required = yes
 Prevent email address harvesting attacks:
disable_vrfy_command = yes
 Change reject codes to permanent (by default postfix issues 4xx error codes which
implies temporary failure we need 5xx for permanent errors):
unverified_recipient_reject_code = 550
unverified_sender_reject_code = 550
unknown_local_recipient_reject_code = 550
 Setup sender address verification:
address_verify_map = btree:/var/spool/postfix/verify
smtpd_sender_restrictions = hash:/etc/postfix/sender_access
 Create /etc/postfix/sender_access and add:
#sample /etc/postfix/sender_access contains frequently spoofed domains

aol.com reject_unverified_sender
hotmail.com reject_unverified_sender
yahoo.com reject_unverified_sender
gmail.com reject_unverified_sender
bigfoot.com reject_unverified_sender
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 Mitigate attacks from zombies and broken clients:
smtpd_error_sleep_time = 5s
smtpd_soft_error_limit = 10
smtpd_hard_error_limit = 20
 Only allow pipelining from authenticated clients:
smtpd_data_restrictions = reject_unauth_pipelining
 Install postfix-policyd-spf-perl and enable SPF support:
wget http://www.openspf.org/blobs/postfix-policyd-spf-perl-2.005.tar.gz
tar xzvf postfix-policyd-spf-perl-2.005.tar.gz
cd postfix-policyd-spf-perl-2.005
cp postfix-policyd-spf-perl /etc/postfix/
Add this to /etc/postfix/master.cf:
spfpolicy unix - n n - - spawn user=nobody

argv=/usr/bin/perl /etc/postfix/postfix-policyd-spf-perl
 Add DKIM support:
Instructions on adding DKIM support can be found here.
 Add domainkeys support:
Instructions on adding domainkeys support can be found here.
 Getting it all to work depends on the smtpd_recipient_restrictions option so we set it

below:
smtpd_recipient_restrictions =
permit_mynetworks
permit_sasl_authenticated
reject_unauth_destination
check_recipient_access hash:/etc/postfix/access
reject_unknown_recipient_domain
reject_unknown_sender_domain
reject_unverified_recipient
reject_non_fqdn_recipient
reject_non_fqdn_sender
reject_invalid_hostname
reject_rbl_client list.dsbl.org
reject_rbl_client zen.spamhaus.org
reject_rbl_client l1.spews.dnsbl.sorbs.net
reject_rbl_client combined.njabl.org
reject_rbl_client bl.spamcop.net
reject_rhsbl_sender dsn.rfc-ignorant.org
reject_rhsbl_sender bogusmx.rfc-ignorant.org
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reject_rhsbl_sender rhsbl.sorbs.net
reject_rhsbl_client dsn.rfc-ignorant.org
reject_rhsbl_client bogusmx.rfc-ignorant.org
reject_rhsbl_client rhsbl.sorbs.net
check_policy_service unix:private/spfpolicy
Milters [SpamAssassin & ClamAV]
For your spam classification using spamassassin and virus scanning using clamav we will be
using postfix's milter interface instead of using the resource intensive amavisd-new daemon. This
is a very efficient way of doing it as we don't even have to run clamd the clamav milter does the
scanning itself.
smtpd_milters = unix:/var/clamav/clmilter.socket unix:/var/run/spamass.sock

non_smtpd_milters = unix:/var/clamav/clmilter.soc
Create DB Files
postmap /etc/postfix/canonical
postmap /etc/postfix/access
postmap /etc/postfix/virtual
postmap /etc/postfix/sender_access
Sample Configuration Files
 main.cf
 master.cf
 canonical
 virtual
 Dovecot Setup
 Introduction
 This will setup dovecot as our IMAP/POP3 server.

 Basic Configuration
 We will setup dovecot for IMAP and POP3 and disable SSL.
 protocols = imap pop3
 listen = *
 ssl_listen = *
 ssl_disable = yes

 Maildir
 We will use the maildir format as opposed to the default mbox format.
 mail_location = maildir:~/Maildir

 Authentication & SASL
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 Configure dovecot to use LOGIN and PLAIN as the authentication mechanisims as many
MS clients are unable to use encrypted authentication mechanisms. We also setup the
SASL socket to enable postfix to authenticate SMTP connections using dovecot.
auth default {
mechanisms = plain login
passdb pam {
}
userdb passwd {
}
socket listen {
client {
path = /var/spool/postfix/private/auth
mode = 0660
user = postfix
group = postfix
}
}
}
Client Issues
Some MS imap clients in the outlook family have issues with both thier IMAP and POP3
implementations so we need to accommodate them by setting up these work arounds:
protocol imap {
imap_client_workarounds = outlook-idle delay-newmail
}
protocol pop3 {
pop3_client_workarounds = outlook-no-nuls oe-ns-eoh
}
Run IMAP Behind Proxy
The imap server is configured to run on port 10143 such that port 143 is handled by the imap
proxy server that will improve performance for your webmail by caching connections to the
imap server. The listen option under protocol sets this up.
protocol imap {
imap_client_workarounds = outlook-idle delay-newmail
listen = 127.0.0.1:10143
}
Sample files
 dovecot.conf
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Setup Imap Proxy
Introduction
imapproxy was written to compensate for webmail clients that are unable to maintain persistent
connections to an IMAP server. Most webmail clients need to log in to an IMAP server for
nearly every single transaction. This behaviour can cause tragic performance problems on the
IMAP server. imapproxy tries to deal with this problem by leaving server connections open for a
short time after a webmail client logs out. When the webmail client connects again, imapproxy
will determine if there's a cached connection available and reuse it if possible. - according to the
imapproxy website.
Configuration
Make the following changes in the file /etc/imapproxy.conf:
server_hostname 127.0.0.1
cache_size 3072
listen_port 143
server_port 10143
cache_expiration_time 900
proc_username nobody
proc_groupname nobody
stat_filename /var/run/pimpstats
protocol_log_filename /var/log/imapproxy_protocol.log
syslog_facility LOG_MAIL
send_tcp_keepalives no
enable_select_cache yes
foreground_mode no
force_tls no
enable_admin_commands no
Sample Files
 imapproxy.conf
Bind Setup
Introduction
Bind will be set up chrooted to improve security we will also use views to prevent abuse of the
dns server.
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Basic Configuration
The basic configuration disables by default, recursive queries and zone transfers. We also
obscure the version of BIND we are running such that we are not hit by zero day vulnerabilities
from script kiddies.
options {
directory "/var/named";
pid-file "/var/run/named/named.pid";
listen-on {
127.0.0.1;
192.168.1.5;
};
version "just guess";
allow-recursion { "localhost"; };
allow-transfer { "none"; };
};
Logging
The logging is customized to remove the annoying "lame-server" and update errors that appear in
the logs:
logging {
category update { null; };
category update-security { null; };
category lame-servers{ null; };
};
Chroot
Ensure that this is set in the file /etc/sysconfig/named (it's usually set by the bind-chroot
package):
ROOTDIR=/var/named/chroot
Point Server
Let the machine use this server for dns resolution edit /etc/resolv.conf and prepend:
nameserver 127.0.0.1
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Sample files
 named.conf
 /etc/sysconfig/named
Vsftpd Setup
Introduction
We will use vsftpd as our ftp server. This has a better track record as opposed to the proftpd &
wuftpd servers.
Basic Setting
Our basic setup disables anonymous users, and enables local system users to connect to the ftp
server.
anonymous_enable=NO
local_enable=YES
write_enable=YES
local_umask=022
anon_upload_enable=NO
anon_mkdir_write_enable=NO
dirmessage_enable=YES
xferlog_enable=YES
connect_from_port_20=YES
xferlog_file=/var/log/vsftpd.log
xferlog_std_format=YES
ftpd_banner=Welcome to example.com server
pam_service_name=vsftpd
tcp_wrappers=YES
Chroot
All users will be chrooted to their home directories (except usernames in the
/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list file) meaning the cannot break out and see other users files.
chroot_list_enable=YES
chroot_local_user=YES
chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list
Banned Users
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Users added to the file /etc/vsftpd/user_list will not be allowed to login:
userlist_enable=YES
Sample Files
 vsftpd.conf
 user_list
 chroot_list
Clamav Milter Setup
 Edit /etc/sysconfig/clamav-milter:
CLAMAV_FLAGS="
--config-file=/etc/clamd.conf
--force-scan
--local
--max-children=5
--sendmail-cf=
--outgoing
--quiet
"
SOCKET_ADDRESS="local:/var/clamav/clmilter.socket"
 Patch the init file to fix socket permissions:
wget http://www.topdog-software.com/files/clamav-milter.patch
patch /etc/init.d/clamav-milter < clamav-milter.patch
MySQL Setup
Basic Config
 Listen only to the localhost, edit /etc/my.cnf under the mysqld section:
bind-address = 127.0.0.1
Set Root Password
 Set the root password:
service mysqld start

mysqladmin -u root password NEWPASSWORD
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SpamAssassin Setup
Basic Config
required_hits 5
report_safe 0
rewrite_header Subject [SPAM]
Create MySQL Database
 Create the database:
mysqladmin -p create bayes
 Populate the database:
mysql -p bayes < /usr/share/doc/spamassassin-$(rpm --qf %{VERSION} -q

spamassassin)/sql/bayes_mysql.sql
 Create the user:
mysql -p
mysql> GRANT ALL ON bayes.* TO bayes@localhost IDENTIFIED BY 'password';
Configure To Use DB
 Edit the file /etc/mail/spamassassin/local.cf and add:
bayes_store_module Mail::SpamAssassin::BayesStore::MySQL
bayes_sql_dsn DBI:mysql:bayes:localhost
bayes_sql_override_username bayes
bayes_sql_username bayes
bayes_sql_password password
Configure FuzzyOCR
We will be storing the image hashes in a mysql database to improve on performance such that
images that we have already scanned do not get scanned again as OCR is a resource intense
activity.
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Create MySQL Database
 The sql script creates the database and tables and adds a user fuzzyocr with the password
fuzzyocr:
mysql -p < /usr/local/src/devel/FuzzyOcr.mysql
 Change the password:
mysqladmin -u fuzzyocr -p fuzzyocr password
Basic Settings
 Edit /etc/mail/spamassassin/FuzzyOCR.cf and set the basic options:
focr_path_bin /usr/bin:/usr/local/bin
focr_minimal_scanset 1
focr_autosort_scanset 1
focr_enable_image_hashing 3
focr_logfile /tmp/FuzzyOcr.log
Make FuzzyOCR Use The Database
 Edit the file /etc/mail/spamassassin/FuzzyOcr.cf and add:
focr_mysql_db FuzzyOcr
focr_mysql_hash Hash
focr_mysql_safe Safe
focr_mysql_user fuzzyocr
focr_mysql_pass password
focr_mysql_host localhost
focr_mysql_port 3306
focr_mysql_socket /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
SARE Rule Updates
 Import the GPG key used to sign the rules:
mkdir /etc/mail/spamassassin/sa-update-keys/
chmod 700 /etc/mail/spamassassin/sa-update-keys/
46
wget http://daryl.dostech.ca/sa-update/sare/GPG.KEY
sa-update --import GPG.KEY
 Create the channels file /etc/mail/spamassassin/sare-sa-update-channels.txt:
updates.spamassassin.org
72_sare_redirect_post3.0.0.cf.sare.sa-update.dostech.net
70_sare_evilnum0.cf.sare.sa-update.dostech.net
70_sare_bayes_poison_nxm.cf.sare.sa-update.dostech.net
70_sare_html0.cf.sare.sa-update.dostech.net
70_sare_html_eng.cf.sare.sa-update.dostech.net
70_sare_header0.cf.sare.sa-update.dostech.net
70_sare_header_eng.cf.sare.sa-update.dostech.net
70_sare_specific.cf.sare.sa-update.dostech.net
70_sare_adult.cf.sare.sa-update.dostech.net
72_sare_bml_post25x.cf.sare.sa-update.dostech.net
99_sare_fraud_post25x.cf.sare.sa-update.dostech.net
70_sare_spoof.cf.sare.sa-update.dostech.net
70_sare_random.cf.sare.sa-update.dostech.net
70_sare_oem.cf.sare.sa-update.dostech.net
70_sare_genlsubj0.cf.sare.sa-update.dostech.net
70_sare_genlsubj_eng.cf.sare.sa-update.dostech.net
70_sare_unsub.cf.sare.sa-update.dostech.net
70_sare_uri0.cf.sare.sa-update.dostech.net
70_sare_obfu0.cf.sare.sa-update.dostech.net
70_sare_stocks.cf.sare.sa-update.dostech.net
 Create an update script /usr/local/bin/update-sa:
#!/bin/bash
#
#
sa-update -D --channelfile /etc/mail/spamassassin/sare-sa-update-channels.txt
--gpgkey 856AA88A &>/var/log/sa-updates.log
 Make it executable and add to cron:
chmod +x /usr/local/bin/update-sa
ln -s /usr/local/bin/update-sa /etc/cron.daily/
ln -s /usr/local/bin/update-sa /etc/cron.hourly/
Spamass-milter Setup
Basic Configuration
 Edit /etc/sysconfig/spamass-milter:
SOCKET=/var/run/spamass.sock
EXTRA_FLAGS="-m -r 8"
47
Patch
We need to patch the init file to fix the permissions of the socket created such that postfix is able
to use the socket.
wget http://www.topdog-software.com/files/spamass-milter.patch
patch /etc/rc.d/init.d/spamass-milter < spamass-milter.patch
Apache Setup
Disable Modules
We will disable some modules that we are not using thus freeing up memory and also improving
security.
 Edit /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf and comment out the modules as below.
#LoadModule ldap_module modules/mod_ldap.so

#LoadModule authnz_ldap_module modules/mod_authnz_ldap.so
#LoadModule dav_module modules/mod_dav.so
#LoadModule status_module modules/mod_status.so
#LoadModule dav_fs_module modules/mod_dav_fs.so
#LoadModule proxy_module modules/mod_proxy.so
#LoadModule proxy_balancer_module modules/mod_proxy_balancer.so
#LoadModule proxy_ftp_module modules/mod_proxy_ftp.so
#LoadModule proxy_http_module modules/mod_proxy_http.so
#LoadModule proxy_connect_module modules/mod_proxy_connect.so
#LoadModule cache_module modules/mod_cache.so
#LoadModule disk_cache_module modules/mod_disk_cache.so
#LoadModule file_cache_module modules/mod_file_cache.so
#LoadModule mem_cache_module modules/mod_mem_cache.so
 Edit /etc/httpd/conf.d/proxy_ajp.conf and comment out as below:
#LoadModule proxy_ajp_module modules/mod_proxy_ajp.so
Listen To One IP For HTTPS
Apache has to be configured to listed to one address for port 443 as webmin will be using the
same port. Edit /etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl:
Listen 192,168.1.6:443
48
Enable Gzip Compression
We setup gzip compression via the mod_deflate module to improve web server performance and
to cut down on bandwidth usage by compressing responses to the client.
SetOutputFilter DEFLATE
BrowserMatch ^Mozilla/4 gzip-only-text/html
BrowserMatch ^Mozilla/4\.0[678] no-gzip
BrowserMatch \bMSIE !no-gzip !gzip-only-text/html
SetEnvIfNoCase Request_URI \
\.(?:gif|jpe?g|png)$ no-gzip dont-vary
Header append Vary User-Agent env=!dont-vary
Set up logging for the deflate module:
DeflateFilterNote deflate_ratio
LogFormat "%v %h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b mod_deflate: %{deflate_ratio}n pct."
vhost_with_deflate_info
CustomLog logs/deflate_access_log vhost_with_deflate_info
Increase PHP Max Memory
Edit the file /etc/php.ini and set the following:
memory_limit = 64M
Enable Virtual Hosting
NameVirtualHost *:80
Create Default Virtual Host
This needs to be the first virtual host, it will be the default on the server the equivalent of the
server with out virtual hosting.
<VirtualHost *:80>
Servername localhost.localdomain
Serveradmin root@localhost.localdomain
</Virtualhost>
Roundcube Webmail Setup
49
Create Database
 Create the database and add the roundcube user.
mysqladmin -p create roundcube

mysql -p
mysql> GRANT ALL ON roundcube.* TO roundcube@localhost IDENTIFIED BY 'password';
 Initialize the database:
mysql -u roundcube -p roundcube < /usr/share/doc/roundcube-0.1/SQL/mysql5.initial.sql
Basic Config
 Configure database DSN in /var/www/roundcube/config/db.inc.php:
$rcmail_config['db_dsnw'] = 'mysql://roundcube:password@localhost/roundcube';
 Configure roundcube in /var/www/roundcube/config/main.inc.php:
$rcmail_config['default_host'] = 'localhost';
$rcmail_config['default_port'] = 143;
$rcmail_config['virtuser_file'] = '/etc/postfix/virtual';
$rcmail_config['smtp_server'] = 'localhost';
$rcmail_config['smtp_port'] = 25;
$rcmail_config['smtp_helo_host'] = 'localhost';
Set Up Catch All Virtualhost
As we will be providing webmail for all domains that are created on the system we need to setup
a catch all virtualhost that can display roundcube when ever a user accesses
http://webmail.domainname. Edit /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf and append:
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerName webmail.example.com
ServerAlias webmail.*
DocumentRoot /var/www/roundcube
<Directory /var/www/roundcube>
Options -Indexes IncludesNOEXEC FollowSymLinks
allow from all
</Directory>
</VirtualHost>
50
Firewall Setup
Introduction
This is a basic firewall it may not suit your needs, firewalling is an art so i recommend to read
into it to improve on this basic one.
Basic Config
Add these rules in your configuration file /etc/sysconfig/iptables:
*raw
:PREROUTING ACCEPT [0:0]
:OUTPUT ACCEPT [0:0]
COMMIT
*nat
:POSTROUTING ACCEPT [0:0]
COMMIT
*mangle
:INPUT ACCEPT [0:0]
:FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0]
:POSTROUTING ACCEPT [0:0]
COMMIT
*filter
:FORWARD DROP [0:0]
:INPUT DROP [0:0]
:OUTPUT DROP [0:0]
-A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 21 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -p tcp -m multiport -j ACCEPT --dports 80,443,25,110,143,53
-A INPUT -p udp -m udp --dport 53 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -p icmp -m icmp -m limit --icmp-type 8 --limit 5/min -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
-A OUTPUT -s 127.0.0.1 -j ACCEPT
COMMIT
Activate Config
service iptables restart
Configure Virtualmin
Introduction
51
Virtualmin is a powerful and flexible hosting control panel that integrates with webmin. We will
be using it to provide the virtual hosting functions such as creation of domains, accounts and
maintaining configurations on the system.
Start Services
You need to start up services that are required to be able to configure virtualmin. Start the
following services:
service named start

service spamassassin start
service spamass-milter start
service clamav-milter start
service postfix start
service dovecot start
service imapproxy start
service httpd start
Initial Settings
MySQL
Webmin needs to be able to communicate with mysql since we have set a password for mysql we
need to set that up in webmin, go to servers ? mysql and enter this information:
Configure Features
You need to enable the features and plugins that we want to use. On login this is the screen that
you will see.
52
 Enable the following features and save
o Home directory
o Administration user
o Mail for domain
o BIND DNS domain
o Apache website
o Webalizer reporting
o Log file rotation
o Mysql database
o Webmin user
Configure Server Templates
Server template are used to customize the services and to create packages for different hosting
account types.
Apache Template
You can make changes to the way apache virtual hosts are created by editing this template, The
defaults however will do for purposes of this howto.
53
Domain Owner Template
This template is used to configure various server limits such as number of

mailboxes,aliases,databases,virtual servers and other options like bandwidth limits, admin
abilities. For this howto we will use the default values.
54
Home Directory Template
This template allows you to set a skel directory to hold setting for new users for this howto we
will use the defaults.
Administration User
This template lets you set the quota for the virtual server and the admin user for this howto we
will use the default quota 1GB.
55
Mail For Domain Template
This template sets various mail related options, we will modify the email message sent on server
creation to have the content below:
The following virtual server has been set up successfully :

Domain name: ${DOM}
Hosting server: ${HOSTNAME}
${IF-VIRT}
Virtual IP address: ${IP}
${ENDIF-VIRT}
Administration login: ${USER}
Administration password: ${PASS}
${IF-WEBMIN}
Administration URL: ${WEBMIN_PROTO}://www.${DOM}:${WEBMIN_PORT}/
${ENDIF-WEBMIN}
${IF-WEB}
Website: http://www.${DOM}/
${IF-WEBALIZER}
Webalizer log reporting: Enabled
${ELSE-WEBALIZER}
Webalizer log reporting: Disabled
${ENDIF-WEBALIZER}
${ENDIF-WEB}
${IF-MAIL}
Email domain: ${DOM}
SMTP server: mail.${DOM}
POP3 server: mail.${DOM}
Webmail: webmail.${DOM}
${ENDIF-MAIL}
${IF-DNS}
DNS domain: ${DOM}
Nameserver: ${HOSTNAME}
${ENDIF-DNS}
${IF-MYSQL}
MySQL database: ${DB}
MySQL login: ${MYSQL_USER}
MySQL password: ${PASS}
${ENDIF-MYSQL}
${IF-POSTGRES}
PostgreSQL database: ${DB}
PostgreSQL login: ${USER}
PostgreSQL password: ${PASS}
${ENDIF-POSTGRES}
We will leave the other options as the defaults.
56
BIND DNS Domain Template
This template is used to customize the zones that will be created by virtualmin. The changes to
be made are adding a spf record, add the following records to auto generated text box (replace
ns1.home.topdog-software.com. with your slave server):
@ IN NS ns1.home.topdog-software.com. ;slave
admin IN A 192.168.1.6 ;virtualmin
webmail IN A 192.168.1.5 ;webmail
In the directives text box add the following with the IP address of your slave server such that the
slave is allowed to do zone transfers.
allow-transfer { 192.168.1.2; };
MySQL Database Template
Contains options on creation of databases by virtualmin, for the howto we will use the defaults.
57
Webmin Login Template
Contains option on creation of new users by virtualmin, for the howto we will use the defaults.
Create Virtual Server
Finally we have a working virtual server system, lets create our first virtual server. Go to servers
? virtualmin virtual servers and click add new virtual server, owned by new user.
Fill in the require fields and click create.
58
Add a mail user to the domain. click on the domain name, then click edit mail and FTP users,
then add user and fill in the information.
59
Testing
Postfix
Test SMTP
telnet 192.168.1.5 25
Connected to localhost.
Escape character is '^]'.
220 tds mail cluster
helo me
250 hosting1
mail from:address@yahoo.com
250 2.1.0 Ok
rcpt: andrew@example.com
250 2.1.0 Ok
DATA
354 End data with <CR><LF>.<CR><LF>
From:address@yahoo.com
To:andrew@example.com
Subject:This is a test
Hi
This is a test
.
250 2.0.0 Ok: queued as 4ACCC7C5A6
telnet 192.168.1.5 25
Trying 192.168.1.5...
ehlo me
250-hosting1
250-PIPELINING
250-SIZE 10240000
250-ETRN
250-STARTTLS
250-ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES
250-8BITMIME
250 DSN
60
Test dkim
Send a mail to autorespond+dkim@dk.elandsys.com.
Test domainkeys
Send a mail to autorespond+dk@dk.elandsys.com.
Dovecot
Test POP3
telnet 192.168.1.5 110

+OK Dovecot ready.
user andrew.example
+OK
pass password
+OK Logged in.
quit
+OK Logging out.
Test IMAP
telnet 192.168.1.5 143

* OK Dovecot ready.
01 login andrew.example password
01 OK User logged in
01 list "" "*"
* LIST (\HasNoChildren) "." "Trash"

* LIST (\HasNoChildren) "." "Drafts"
* LIST (\HasNoChildren) "." "Junk"
* LIST (\HasNoChildren) "." "Sent"
* LIST (\HasNoChildren) "." "INBOX"

01 OK List completed.
01 logout
61
* BYE LOGOUT received
01 OK Completed
BIND
dig example.com @127.0.0.1
Clamav-milter
We are using the test virus from www.eicar.org.
telnet 192.168.1.5 25
helo me
250 hosting1
250 2.1.0 Ok
250 2.1.0 Ok
DATA
X5O!P%@AP[4\PZX54(P^)7CC)7}$EICAR-STANDARD-ANTIVIRUS-TEST-FILE!$H+H*
.
550 5.7.1 virus Eicar-Test-Signature detected by ClamAV - http://www.clamav.net
quit
221 2.0.0 Bye
Take a lot at your /var/log/maillog you should see something like this:
73BC87C4E4: milter-reject: END-OF-MESSAGE from localhost[127.0.0.1]:

5.7.1 virus Eicar-Test-Signature detected by ClamAV - http://www.clamav.net;
from=<address@yahoo.com> to=<andrew@example.com> proto=SMTP helo=<me>
Spamass-milter
We are using the test message from http://spamassassin.apache.org/gtube/.
62
telnet 192.168.1.5 25
helo me
250 hosting1
250 2.1.0 Ok
250 2.1.0 Ok
DATA
XJS*C4JDBQADN1.NSBN3*2IDNEN*GTUBE-STANDARD-ANTI-UBE-TEST-
EMAIL*C.34X
.
550 5.7.1 Blocked by SpamAssassin
quit
221 2.0.0 Bye
You will see this in your log files:
spamd: result: Y 1002 - AWL,GTUBE,MISSING_SUBJECT
63

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Virtual Hosting Howto With Virtualmin On CentOS 5.

I will use the following software:

 Database Server: MySQL 5.0.22

To install the system you will need

 CentOS 5.1 Install media

Install The Base System

 Select keyboard layout:

 Select Yes to initialize drive:

Set IP address and netmask:

Set gateway and dns servers:

Set the hostname:

 Set the timezone:

 Set the root password:

 Select server group and select customize software selection:

 Package groups select as follows:

Start the installation:

File system is formatted:

The installation will run:

Reboot the system:

We need to fix a few issues to prepare the system for configuration.

 Switch the mta to postfix

alternatives --config mta

There are 2 programs which provide 'mta'.

 Install caching-nameserver config:

yum install caching-nameserver

 Install Build tools:

Configure Network Alias

Modify the file /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0:1 to look like this:

Install Webmin / Virtualmin

 Import webmin pgp key:

 Download the rpm:

 Verify the rpm (should say OK or else download again):

rpm --checksig webmin-1.390-1.noarch.rpm

 Install the rpm:

rpm -Uvh webmin-1.390-1.noarch.rpm

Initial Webmin Config

We need to secure webmin by editing /etc/webmin/miniserv.conf and make the following

 Using SSL only:

 Disable UDP broadcasts:

 Change host lockout on login failures to 3 :

 Increase host lockout timeout to 120:

 Change user lockout on login failures to 3:

 Change user lockout timeout to 120:

 Change the realm to something else:

 Log logins to utmp:

Install the webmin Tiger theme:

 Login to webmin via https://192.168.1.5:10000 using root and your password.

Install php-pear module:

 Go to webmin ? webmin configuration ? webmin modules.

 Go to webmin ? webmin configuration ? webmin modules.

service webmin restart

Configure Rpmforge Repo

rpm -Uhv http://packages.sw.be/rpmforge-release/rpmforge-release-0.3.6-1.el5.rf.i386.rpm

NOTE: If you are using a different architecture check on

Install Extra Required Packages

yum --enablerepo=rpmforge install clamav clamav-db clamav-milter clamd -y

 Install sanesecurity signatures:

 Install PHP eaccelerator:

 Install newer spamassassin package from rpmforge:

yum --enablerepo=rpmforge upgrade spamassassin

yum --enablerepo=rpmforge install spamass-milter

 Install perl modules required by spamassassin: