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y since 1939
MARITIME
September 2015
REPORTER
AND
ENGINEERING NEWS
MARINELINK.COM
Offshore Energy
FLNG: Birth of a Market
Floating Production
A Guide to Life Extension
Renewable Energy
Riding Waves & Tides
Propulsion Emission
To Scrub or not to Scrub
VOOPS
Inside Venices Offshore Port
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CONTENTS
NUMBER 9 / VO LUME 77 / S EP TEMBER 2015
16
30
VOOPS
24
( Silke Stuckenbrock/Silke Photo 2008/Marine Photobank)
(Copyright: iStock image)
MARIN
14
I N TH I S E D I T I O N
12
BART OTTEN, UNITED TECHNOLOGIES
The president of United Techologies Corp., Fire & Security

EMEA, discusses the maritime market and the trend toward his
companys Joint Maritime Approach.
30
ADVENT OF OFFSHORE PORTS
The Venice Offshore Onshore Port System (VOOPS) is the latest

move towards moving cargo operations offshore.
By Josh Keefe
By Henrik Segercrantz
16
50
SLEEP APNEA
Assessing and tackling the burgeoning problem of sleep apnea

and its potential effects on mariner performance.
COUNTRY REPORT: SPAIN
Spain has a long and unique tie to all matters maritime, and
renewed interests to strengthen its markets.
By Joseph Fonseca
By Dennis L. Bryant
52
20
TO SCRUB OR NOT TO SCRUB ...
COUNTRY REPORT: PORTUGAL
Searching for lost maritime glory.

By Joseph Fonseca
As owners struggle on deciding the best means to meet strict

emission mandates, this author states the case for scrubbing.
By Nicholas Confuorto
24
THE BLUE ECONOMY
On the eve of The Sustainable Ocean Summit 2015 in Singapore, asssesing the ocean industry over the next 50 years.
64
OFFSHORE ENERGY
18 A CLEANER ENERGY FUTURE
Even with the price of oil in the tank, focused work continues
on the exploitation of renewable energy sources.
By Joan Bondareff
42 FPSO: GUIDE TO LIFE EXTENSION

Life Extension opportunities are increasing in the FPSO
sector as a best hope to develop field economically.
By Joan Bondareff
48 OFFSHORE INLAND
Longer docks, deeper water in Pensacola help this ubiquitous topside and riding crew repair company prosper.
OPTIMIZE ... OR ELSE
Faced with a mountain of new regulation and burgeoning technical solutions, shipowners are pressed as never before to make
the right choice.
59 HITCHIN A RIDE
Courtesy of Dockwise, mammoth offshore structures can
be loaded and transported efficiently, globally.
By Jim Rhodes & Frank Soccoli
By Paul Holthus
MR #9 (1-9).indd 2
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Contents
MARITIME
REPORTER
AND
ENGINEERING NEWS
MARINELINK.COM
TH E C OV E R
ISSN-0025-3448
USPS-016-750
No. 9 Vol. 77
Despite the recent downturn, the offshore energy sector is a long-term focus
for innovative technologies. Start on page 36 to read about the birth of the
FLNG market, but look for topical coverage throughout. (Photo: Dockwise)
Maritime Reporter/Engineering News

(ISSN # 0025-3448) is published
monthly by Maritime Activity Reports,
Inc., 118 East 25th Street, New York,
NY 10010.
Mailed at Periodicals Postage Rates
at New York, NY 10199 and additional
mailing offices.
FLNG
Publishers are not responsible for

the safekeeping or return of editorial
material. 2015 Maritime Activity
Reports, Inc.
While the energy industry stumbles, fledging

technologies such as FLNG continue to draw
interest and investment.
Sevan Marine
42
Editorial
Maritime Professional
Newsmakers
Eye on Design
Government Update
Legal Beat
Emissions Update
Vessels
Product Features
Clean Water Tech
Products
People & Companies
Buyers Guide
Classified
Advertisers Index
6
8
12
14
16
18
20
54
66
60
70
72
74
75
80
26
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By William Stoichevski
14
Keeping Up with the
Maritime Surveillance
Innovative Design
Jones (Act)
Eyes Wide Open
Docking Tunnel
Puerto Ricos money woes have

nothing to do with the Jones
Act.
Assessing maritime surveillance technique

and technology in the new millennium.
MARIN uses CFD plus fasttime sim to explore the potential of the new SSP Hub.
Member
By Marianne Molchan
By Joseph Keefe
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By Joop Helder
Business Publications Audit

of Circulation, Inc.
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tumbles in the global energy markets have created

a gloomy near-term for several offshore energy
and maritime sectors, but anyone who is a serious
contributor to either realizes the cyclical nature
of the business. While the axiom that the offshore
energy business will undoubtedly rise high again,
this provides little solace to companies that must make painful
and sharp near term financial and personnel decisions, not
to mention the maritime and offshore professionals who are
freshly searching for work. For most companies the rise of the
energy market has nothing to do with if and everything to
do with when.
This month we attack the energy markets from multiple
angles, starting with our Eye on Design on page 14 which
documents the efforts of SSP Offshore to create an innovative
crew boat docking tunnel that runs straight through the center
of a big round floater, helping to save on costly helicopter
crew transport. MARIN in The Netherlands was instrumental
in putting the concept to effective test, using CFD, fast-time
simulation and intensive bridge simulator testing.

Continuing on page 18 is guest columnist Joan Bondareff
from Blank Rome who examines the proliferation of renewable energy projects. When one says offshore renewable energy initial thoughts immediately turn to offshore wind. But
Bondareff looks at the development of wave and tidal power
projects, looking at the funding and potential for contribution
in the near and long term.
Oslo-based contributor William Stoichevski files a pair of
reports this month, the first examining the exclusive, high
value and infant FLNG market starting on page 36, and the
FPSO market on page 42. The latter is of particular interest
in tough economic times, as it is a Guide to Life Extension
of FPSOs, topical today as it provides the most cost effective
means to continue developing offshore oil fields.
Starting on page 59 we look at an amazing new heavy lift
ship and capability from Dockwise, the Dockwise Vanguard,
a unique vessel which has made the transport of massive offshore structures and systems efficient and fast.
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Keeping up with
the Jones (Act)
Get the Maritime

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iPhone, Android and
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Puerto Ricos money woes have nothing to do with the Jones Act.
Arguably, the U.S. island would be worse off without it.
n the late 1980s, I was toiling

for a small maritime consulting
group, traveling probably 20 days
per month, following oil tankers
around the globe as they lifted and discharged various cargoes for oil traders
and multi-national refining groups. It
was wonderfully satisfying work, typically conducted at 3 AM in a sweaty
tank farm while swatting mosquitoes
large enough to carry away small pets
with a single bite. And it involved other
pleasant tasks such as making telephone
calls to Wharton-educated oil traders
who resented having their afternoon
squash match interrupted by a perspiring
surveyor who had bad news about the
dog-of-a-ship they had chartered 45 days
prior, at a huge discount, in the hopes of
increasing the margins on a less-thansavvy crude oil lifting.
As it turned out, one of the places I was
dispatched on a regular basis was the
island of Puerto Rico. In fact, I spent
the better part of two years traveling
back and forth to the island, often staying 10 days or more at a whack before
fleeing back to the mainland. Hence, I
know a little bit more than most about
ocean shipping in and out of the island.
Im embarrassed to say that, given the
amount of time I spent there, my conversational Spanish skills should be a
lot better. On the other hand, my experiences there give me a unique perspective
that others perhaps do not.
For the most part, I was assigned to attend marine petroleum custody transfers
for all manners of liquid cargoes; crude
oils, condensate and refined products.
Along the way, I vetted ships for suitability and safety, maintained loss accounting records and looked for ways to
increase efficiencies for my local, refining and trading clients. It didnt always
go well for the client here, and at one
point, I was asked to do a full evalua-
MR #9 (1-9).indd 8
tion paper and physical infrastructure

of their primary facilities. When I was
done, the reasons why became fully evident.
I walked every pipeline in that terminal,
located and recorded every valve and its
position, and when I was done, I presented my report to the client. Their physical
and paper losses were likely to continue,
I said, unless they began to employ fully
independent and competent security, 24
hours per day, 365 days per year. Thats
because it didnt take a genius to see
that unlocked gates at supposedly inactive truck racks, where mysterious tank
trucks would show up at odd hours and
idle for predictable periods of time, were
eating into the profits. Alleged custody
transfer losses, in theory of the ship-toshore kind, were largely paper-generated, and a function of what was happening ashore.
Interestingly, the vast majority of the
countless vessels that I boarded and surveyed during my time spent on the island
were foreign registered vessels, with
U.S. flag product tankers arriving only
to haul refined products to the U.S. East
Coast. Sometimes, the client might even
get a Jones Act waiver when no U.S.
flag asset was available. Jones Act trade
was actually quite a small percentage of
the overall marine traffic in and out that
port, and in the end, had little to do with
economic success or failure of the operations ashore.
Eventually, I moved on to another job,
which took me to other exotic and equally grimy tank farm terminals, and so I
understand, the facility in Puerto Rico
also eventually closed its doors. To be
fair, what I saw and experienced there
could happen just about anywhere, but
from my birds eye perspective, the basis for a prosperous and successful local
economy built on local industry, ocean
trade and tourism were always present,
but never fully realized. At the time, a

low mileage rental car at San Juans International Airport was defined as anything with less than 30,000 miles on the
odometer and the local infrastructure
was crumbling and dangerous. It was a
tough place to work then, and based on
what is being reported today about the
islands economy and so-called debt crisis, Im guessing that it hasnt gotten any
better. Again, thats got nothing to do
with the Jones Act.
Local Debt & Ocean Shipping:
Apples & Oranges
Claims of a causal link between the costs
associated with U.S. domestic maritime
policies and the reported $72 billion debt
crisis facing the Commonwealth are being bandied about by local pundits as an
example of what can happen when the
Jones Act holds a particular geographic
economy hostage. One such account, a
report commissioned by the government
of Puerto Rico, holds that all islands suffer from high transportation costs. And,
the report claims, Puerto Rico does so
disproportionately, with import costs at
least twice as high as in neighboring islands on account of the Jones Act, which
forces all shipping to and from U.S.
Ports to be conducted with U.S. Vessels
and crews. In contrast, a 2013 study
of the Jones Act in Puerto Rico by the
U.S. Government Accountability Office
(GAO) doesnt necessarily agree.
One of the primary advantages to Jones
Act rules, according to GAO, is the nature of the just-in-time service that regular liner routes provide. If replaced by
foreign flag tonnage, the report insists,
the likelihood of dedicated liner service
to the island would be substantially reduced, and the quality and timeliness of
freight service impacted. Beyond this,
GAO reported that in 2011, at least twothirds of the ships serving Puerto Rico
Joseph Keefe is the lead

commentator of
MaritimeProfessional.com.
were foreign registered, representing as

many as 55 different foreign flag carriers. Apparently, then, there is plenty of
competition to deliver low cost freight to
Puerto Rico.
Correctly pointing out that most developed trading nations have cabotage laws
applied to various modes of domestic
commerce, the GAO study also says that
foreign-flag ships are not subject to U.S.
taxation, U.S. immigration, and other
U.S. laws. Faced with those impediments to the bottom line, the report goes
on to say, the perceived gap in transport
costs would largely evaporate.
As I write this blog, a massive, domestic, multi-shipper capital improvement
program is underway for carriers in the
Puerto Rico trades.
The U.S. built vessels that will soon
join this freight corridor will be among
the best, most environmentally correct
of any operating anywhere else on the
planet. All of that investment brings me
around to a larger point, and question:
What do we tell U.S. flag operators who
collectively operate 40,000 domestically
built hulls that the Jones Act is no longer
valid? And, dont tell me that you can
selectively eliminate the cabotage rules
in one locale (Puerto Rico, for example),
but not another. Its like being a little bit
pregnant.
Actually, the most articulate response
to Jones Act naysayers Ive heard in the
past 10 years came from U.S. flag operator Morton Bouchard III, who told
MarineNews magazine back in November of 2014, The continuous failed attempts by companies to circumvent the
Jones Act are amazing to me. This legislation will not change. From our inception, Bouchard has invested well over
five billion dollars in vessels built in the
United States, crewed by United States
seamen and owned by the Bouchard
family.
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(Continued from page 8)
Henry Every
The King of Pirates
Keeping up with the Jones (Act)
Henry Every (or Avery) is remembered

for capturing the richest pirate prize
ever and also for apparently being
wise enough to retire from the business
and enjoy his ill-gotten gains. He was
born in the West Country of England,
famous for providing England with a
large percentage of its seafarers. He
served briefly in the Royal Navy, and
then moved on to the slave trade, where
the pay was better although dishonorable. In 1693, he was serving as first
mate on the Spanish privateer Charles
II when the crew became disgruntled
and mutinied. The ship was renamed
Fancy and Every was elected captain.
After plundering ships off West Africa,
they moved into the Indian Ocean. In
1695, the Fancy had reached the Red
Sea and joined up with a number of
other pirates. They launched an uncoordinated attack on the Mughal treasure
fleet that included the main treasure
ship Ganj-i-sawai and the smaller Fateh
Muhammed. Thomas Tew, commanding the pirate sloop Amity, was killed
in an attack on the Fateh Muhammed.
The Mughal ship, though, had incurred
significant damage from that attack and
was unable to withstand a second attack
by Every on the heavily-armed Fancy.
Every then turned his attention to the
even larger Ganj-i-sawai, capturing it
also. The pirate crew was incensed by
the damage inflicted by the Indian vessels and promptly tortured and killed
most of the Indian sailors and soldiers
on board. They also attacked the Indian
women on board, many of whom committed suicide to escape their fate. The
treasure on the two Indian ships was
enormous, with an estimated value of
600,000. Everys share made him the
richest pirate in history. Because Britain was seeking good relations with the
Mughal Empire, it launched a worldwide manhunt for Every and his crew.
They had fled to the Bahamas, where
they divided the treasure and split up.
Many, though, were eventually captured, tried, convicted, and hung. Henry Every was never heard of again. Rumors circulated that he had changed his
identity and assumed a quiet life back
home in the West Country, but there
was no evidence to support the story.
During the past few

years, Bouchard has
again invested well over
one billion dollars in
new equipment. This
investment could have
certainly been cheaper
if built in foreign shipyards. However, consider all the jobs that were
created and the taxes
that Bouchard and the
shipyard paid, again,
in compliance with
existing
regulations,
which gets back to my
first issue in managing
Bouchard it all comes
full circle. And as for
the oil industrys complaint that rates are too
high, I didnt hear them
complaining years ago
when owners were losing money. The Jones
Act was fine then.
Dennis Bryant, MarPro
10
MR #9 (10-17).indd 10
Self-Inflicted Wounds
When the United
States government decided that it no longer needed the
Naval Base at Roosevelt roads, Puerto Rico, back in
2004, it also signaled the end of an era for the local island
economy which took a massive hit when the federal money dried up. As a young Third Mate sailing for the U.S.
Navys Military Sealift Command, I visited the port and
base more than once in the early 1980s. It was a vibrant
operation then, supporting not only the important training of military aviators, but also accounting for as much
as 75 percent of the money flowing into local businesses.
Nevertheless, the Navy no longer had any need for the
base after it halted test bombing of the island of Vieques
following years of protests.
Local Puerto Rico officials are still bitter about the base
closure, some of whom believe that the U.S. government
was punishing them for the loss of their training areas. In
truth, it was merely a savvy financial decision (our government does makes them once in a while) to withdraw
from the island. Shortsighted local activists (arguably) got
exactly what they deserved when they failed to comprehend that the end of the training also signaled the end to
the need to operate from the remote location. The impact
on the local economy continues to this day, and reverberates all over the rest of the island. In many respects, the
drama reminds me of what happened in the Philippines
when the U.S. Navy pulled out of Subic Bay when the
local government there wanted too much in return for the
extension of local leases on the port land. But, Im moving
off point here again.
Bottom Line
The other usual Jones
Act defense arguments
also apply, including
the need to maintain a
robust shipyard industrial base and trained
mariners to support the
U.S. military and protect our shores during
times of peace and war.
Circling back to Puerto
Rico, a $72 billion debt
crisis has many causes,
but to blame the Jones
Act for the islands
woes is simply shortsighted, and frankly,
a misguided effort to
point fingers elsewhere
when the real problems
exist much closer to
home. U.S. flag shipping has provided reliable and regular service to the island for
many years. Thats not
going to change, and,
in reality, it may be one
of the things that help the island to recover. In May, for
example, Crowley Puerto Rico Services announced that
it had executed a $48.5 million construction contract for
a new pier at its Isla Grande Terminal in San Juan, Puerto
Rico, further solidifying its commitment to the region. In
conjunction with the investment, the company and the
Puerto Rico Ports Authority (PRPA) also concluded a 30year lease extension for the Isla Grande property. That
kind of investment and local commitment is exactly
what is likely to create jobs and prosperity, with associated tax revenues. What about simple, one-off port calls
from a low cost flag of convenience carrier? Not so much.
Lets keep our eye on the ball here.
For Puerto Rico, keeping up with the Jones family also
means keeping the Jones Act intact.
MarPro
Investment in Puerto Rican Trade

Pictured above is Perla del Caribe, the second of two
LNG-fueled Marlin Class ships built by General Dynamics NASSCO for Tote, was launched at NASSCOs yard
in San Diego. The 764-foot-long Perla del Caribe and
sister ship, christened Isla Bella, are Jones Act vessels
built for the Puerto Rican trade for TOTE Shipholdings
and will be operated by TOTE subsidiary Sea Star Line
out of Jacksonville, Fla.
(Photo: General Dynamics NASSCO)
9/4/2015 11:27:45 AM
MR #4 (26-33).indd 31
3/24/2015 10:44:26 AM
N E WS M A KE R S
Bart Otten
President, United Technologies Corp.

Fire & Security EMEA
Maritime Reporter talks
with Bart Otten, President,
United Technologies Corporation Fire & Security
EMEA, at this years biggest
maritime trade show, the
Nor-Shipping Exhibition,
regarding the companys
Joint Maritime Approach.
By Henrik Segercrantz
Bart
Otten heads the Fire

and Security Business Unit of UTC in
Europe, Middle-East and Africa both for
the land and marine business sides. He
is also in charge of United Technologies
entire Marine business initiative. Based
in the Europe head office in Brussels, Otten, a Dutch citizen himself, has worked
within the UTC Group since 2007.
United Technologies Corporation provides a broad range of high-technology
products and services to the global aerospace and building system industries.
Listed on The New York Stock Exchange net sales of UTC in 2014 were
$65.1 billion. UTC employs more than
212,000 people. In 2013 Thomson Reuters listed UTC among the worlds 100
most innovative companies, and UTC
ranks number 45 on Fortune Magazines
list of 500 largest U.S. companies. UTC
is well known for its aerospace and defense products, among them Pratt &
Whitney propulsion systems. It recently
12
MR #9 (10-17).indd 12
received much media coverage through

the sales of the Sikorsky Aircraft business to Lockheed Martin Corp.
UTC Building & Industrial Systems
business is the worlds largest provider
of building technologies with some
118,000 people, 77 factories, 48 R&D
centers, and some 2,500 branch offices
around the world, and representing approximately 45% of consolidated sales.
Otten heads the global marine businesses development initiative of UTC which
includes the marine business of the well
known Otis elevators, Carrier air conditioning and heating systems, Autronica
Fire & Security and Marioff, two other
companies well known to the maritime
industry. UTC is a 65 billion dollar
business globally. If you look into the
individual brands I would say Autronica,
Marioff and Carrier are leading brands
within the marine segment. In quite a
number of cases we have a very strong
position in the marine segment, Otten
tells Maritime Reporter at UTCs exhibi-
tion stand at Nor-Shipping. I have been

working in the fire and security industry
for 27 years. Our Fire and Security business goes from a simple extinguisher
to the entire fire suppression system of
Marioff and detection systems by Autronica but includes also video cameras
and access control.
We talk about the history of Otis,
which has been in business for more
than 160 years, and which delivered its
first marine elevator to the U.S. Navy
in 1915. With Otis elevators we are reentering into the marine space. UTC
acquired the Spanish Enor marine elevator company in 2012, to re-enforce
its marine elevator applications. Here
we are not in a leadership position from
the market segment point of view, but I
would say we are more and more in a
leadership position from the technology
point. Also the other companies have a
long history.
Carrier was established in 1902. It supplied the first ocean liner HVAC system
ever, to S.S. Normandie. Today Carrier

Marine & Offshore operates globally.
Autronica Fire & Security has supplied fire and gas safety systems since
1957 and has, as Marioff, references onboard thousands of vessels. Marioff, the
originally Finnish company that invented the HI-FOG high pressure water mist
fire suppression system, was acquired by
UTC in 2007. Other well known brands
and companies owned by UTC include,
among others Automated Logic,
Chubb, Kidde, Lenel, and Onity.
Maritime Reporter learned that UTC
is today focusing more on a joint approach in its sales to the maritime industry. The companies have an individual
approach towards the customer, but if
we are negotiating some big projects
with the large shipyards or ship owners, we will see more and more a joint
large-scale UTC approach towards these
customers. We say Hey, we do not only
offer Autronica or Marioff but we also
offer Otis elevators and Carrier and what
9/3/2015 10:30:21 AM
The companies have an individual approach towards the customer, but if we are negotiating some big projects with the large
shipyards or ship owners, we will see more and more a joint large-scale UTC approach towards these customers.
We say Hey, we do not only offer Autronica or Marioff but we also offer Otis elevators and Carrier.
is important here, we can do a good level
of technology integration for the benefit
of you as a client, Otten said.
We are taking a joint approach to the
marine segment, so you will see us not
only run exhibition stands with all the
marine businesses joining, but we will
be utilizing our global network and the
specialized expertise in each individual
brand in developing our global marine
services, Otten said. He also wants to
highlight the technical developments
taking place. It is important that we
work more and more on technology integration of the systems and solutions that
we offer to the marine industry. You will
soon see integrated solutions by UTC
onboard ships.
As an example he mentions Autronicas ISEMS emergency management
and evacuation system already working
together with Marioffs HI-FOG suppression system but there is a lot more of
integration possibilities.
Otten does not want to reveal much
about their future plans regarding acqui-
sitions.
I think that if you look into the marine segment, I would say, we have a
pretty solid coverage today, but we always look out for opportunities that are
complimentary to our product lines.
I think the marine segment offers
for UTC a significant opportunity for
growth, especially the cruise ship segment. I think if you look at the cruise
vessel segment everyone recognizes that
it has been a successful industry that
is fast growing, when you look at the
number of cruise vessel orders. That is

outstanding. It is an attractive hi-tech
segment where we have a lot to offer.
Looking outside of cruise vessels we are
also in the other ship and offshore segments too, so marine is a very relevant
industry for UTC where we invest a lot.
Half of Marioffs business is within the
marine segment and that of Autronica
is some 35 percent. We have dedicated
Carrier and Otis teams for the marine
segment so we consider marine as attractive and important.
www.marinelink.com
MR #9 (10-17).indd 13
13
9/3/2015 10:31:06 AM
E YE O N DE SIGN
CFD to Assess SSPs
Crew Boat Docking Tunnel

BY J O O P H EL D ER
MARIN combined CFD with fast-time

simulations and intensive testing on
its bridge simulator to explore the full
potential of the new SSP HUB.
o save on costly helicopter crew

transport, SSP Offshore took a
good look at its SSP Plus design
and decided to add a large crew boat
docking tunnel, running straight through
the center of the big round floater. The
tunnel allows fast sailing crew boats to
dock inside the HUB, thereby cutting out
helicopter transfers. MARIN was put to
work testing the HUB design to make
sure a safe crew boat entry into the unit
was possible under extreme operational
conditions. A multi-stage campaign was
required, ranging from CFD calculations
to determine the complex interaction of
the HUBs exceptional design with the
environment, to intensive simulation exercises on the bridge simulator with experts from SSP, Austal and MARIN.
To be located offshore Brazil, the SSP
HUB features an omni-directional shape
and the ability to rotate, thereby redirecting its tunnel position depending on the
environmental conditions. If beneficial,
the tunnel can be closed by weather tight
doors on the wave-ward side of the unit.
Safe Crew Bboat Entry
One of the key questions SSP needed
answering was whether the HUB was
able to accommodate safe crew boat
entry in the harsh environmental condi-
14
MR #9 (10-17).indd 14
tions of the Santos Basin. For this, the

unique design of the shallow docking
tunnel running through the floater could
be a determining factor. Waves typically
change their height, length and direction
when travelling over a sudden transition
from deep to shallow water, and could
thereby hamper the crew boat pilot during entry into the tunnel. Current and
wind travelling around the HUB, and
possibly through the tunnel, could further restrict the approach and docking
operation. By using a combination of
CFD tools, MARIN set out to study the
complex wave, wind and current flow
phenomena that occur around the entrance of the HUB tunnel. As these flows
are driven by non-linear effects, conventional linear potential flow tools are
simply not capable of capturing the flow
details with enough accuracy.
Environmental Conditions
Wind and current velocities inside and
outside the HUB were computed using
ReFRESCO, for both a completely open
tunnel and a tunnel that was closed on
the side affected by the environment.
For a range of environmental conditions
flow fields could be visualized in detail
and showed recirculation, shielding and
intensification zones. The results will
allow SSP to anticipate environmental

directions, for which the CFD predicted
strong cross flows at the entrance of the
tunnel, by using the rotating capabilities
of HUB.
To get a better understanding of the
wave patterns inside the docking tunnel, unsteady wave simulations were
performed using ComFLOW. Special
attention was paid to possible resonant
wave modes inside the tunnel. The results of the CFD provided SSP with critical wave amplification factors inside the
tunnel, together with the environmental
conditions for which these amplifications occur. With this knowledge, SSP
can set criteria for redirecting the HUB,
using the weather tight tunnel doors and
possibly other mitigation means to avoid
large water motions inside the tunnel.
Simulation Study
To provide SSP with the answers it
is looking for, the knowledge obtained
from the CFD simulations were only
half of the equation. The capabilities of
the Austal Trimaran crew boat and captain also had to be taken into account. To
that end, a realistic and fast-time simulation model of the HUB, environment
and crew boat was developed and put
to the test on MARINs bridge simula-
tor. To achieve realistic simulation exercises, the environmental conditions on

the simulator were tuned using the CFD
simulations and a detailed model of the
interior of the tunnel was made including
moveable fenders that guide the vessel
into the tunnel. An accurate maneuvering model of the trimaran was created
in cooperation with Austal. With the use
of the CFD results the HUBs rotational
capabilities and weather tight doors were
exploited to the maximum to create the
optimum entry condition for any given
environment.
In the end, a week of extensive simulations found that the SSP HUB was indeed able to accommodate a safe entry in
the harshest environments a conclusion
made possible by a unique combination
of CFD analysis, real-time simulations
and comprehensive simulator exercise.
The Author
Joop Helder is Project Manager of the
Offshore Department of MARIN. MARIN
offers simulation, model testing, fullscale measurements and training programs, to the shipbuilding and offshore
industry and governments.
e. j.helder@marin.nl
w. www.marin.nl
9/4/2015 9:45:45 AM
www.marinelink.com
MR #9 (10-17).indd 15
15
9/9/2015 10:11:51 AM
G OV E R NME N T U PDAT E
Sleep Apnea
BY D ENNI S BRYANT
Vengeance was pushing two barges, the

tank barge Kirby 30406 being the forward barge. The tanker experienced
several unintended diversions, culminating in it striking the moored cargo
vessel. Despite the towboat putting its
engines full astern, a collision between
the tanker and the forward barge of the
tow ensued. There were no deaths or injuries, but there was a significant oil spill
and significant damage to the vessels involved. The NTSB determined that the
primary cause of the casualty was the
failure of the pilot on the tanker to correct the shearing motions that began as a
result of the late initiation of a turn at a
mild bend in the waterway. Contributing
to the casualty was the pilots fatigue,
caused by his untreated obstructive sleep
apnea and his work schedule.
The Coast Guard recently announced
a proposed change to its policy regarding
specific medical conditions, including
obstructive sleep apnea, which it would
consider in determining whether a medical waiver is warranted for merchant
mariners applying for new or renewed
merchant mariner credentials (MMCs).
The proposal, particularly with regard
to sleep apnea, has received strong sup-
port from the NTSB and the American

Academy of Sleep Medicine and qualified support from the American Pilots
Association (APA).
Definition
The Mayo Clinic describes sleep apnea as a potentially serious sleep disorder in which breathing repeatedly stops
and starts. The most common type is
obstructive sleep apnea in which the
throat muscles relax while the individual
sleeps, blocking the airway. This leads
to a deprivation of oxygen (hypoxia) in
the blood stream and an excess of carbon dioxide (hypercapnia). In extreme
cases, which are rare, this may result in
death. Commonly though, sleep apnea
interrupts normal sleep (even if the individual is unaware of the interruption,
as is quite common), making sleep less
restful. The individual has issues with
excessive daytime sleepiness and impaired alertness, slower reaction times,
and vision problems. Sleep apnea increases ones risk of driving accidents
and work-related accidents. It can also
exacerbate moodiness, belligerence, as
well as decreasing drive (including the
sex drive). The NTSB has document-
ed numerous transportation accidents,

across all modes, where sleep apnea was
the leading or contributory cause.
Diagnosis
The medical professional may suspect
that an individual suffers from sleep apnea based on existing symptoms, such
as excessive daytime sleepiness and
fatigue. A formal sleep study is then
undertaken. This study, normally performed in a clinical setting, establishes
an objective diagnosis indicator linked
to the number of apneic (interrupted)
events per hour of sleep. Mild obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is generally considered to have between 5 and 15 events
per hour, moderate OSA has between 15
and 30 events per hour, and severe OSA
has in excess of 30 per hour. An apneic
event generally is defined as a minimum
ten-second interval between breaths,
with either a neurological arousal (a
three-second or greater shift in EEG frequency) or a blood oxygen desaturation
of 3% or greater, or both.
What can be done?
While surgery may be called for in
extreme cases, most often obstructive
(Copyright: iStock image)
n June 23, 1995, the cruise

ship Star Princess, carrying
1,568 passengers and 639 crew,
grounded on charted and marked Poundstone Rock in the Lynn Canal of Alaska.
Although there were no deaths or injuries, the ships bottom was ripped open.
Repairs cost $21.16 million. The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB)
determined that the probable cause was
the pilots poor performance, which
may have been exacerbated by chronic
fatigue caused by sleep apnea. Among
other things, the NTSB recommended
that the U.S. Coast Guard advise pilots
about sleeping disorders such as sleep
apnea and review its medical standards,
guidelines, and examination forms to
ensure that they require disclosure and
appropriate evaluation of the history
or presence of any medical conditions,
symptoms, or medication use that would
affect an individuals fitness for duty as
a pilot.
On 23 January 2010, the tanker Eagle
Otome was inbound in the Sabine-Neches Canal en route Beaumont, Texas. The
general cargo vessel Gull Arrow was
docked at a facility on the Canal unloading cargo. The outbound towboat Dixie
16
MR #9 (10-17).indd 16
9/3/2015 10:32:28 AM
sleep apnea can be effectively managed

with continuous positive airway pressure
(CPAP) or automatic positive airway
pressure (APAP). The individual wears
a plastic facial mask while sleeping. The
mask is connected by a flexible tube to a
small bedside CPAP or APAP machine.
The CPAP machine generates a predetermined air pressure to keep the individuals airways open during sleep, eliminating the interruption of normal respiration
during sleep. The APAP machine uses a
sensor to adjust the air pressure so as to
maintain the appropriate level. Although
such therapy has proven extremely effective and is less expensive than other
options, some individuals find it quite
uncomfortable, causing chest discomfort, skin or nose irritation, and a feeling of being trapped. Tests are underway on neurostimulation techniques that
sense respiration and apply mild electrical stimulation during inhalation, which
pushes the tongue slightly forward so as
to open the airway. Medication is being
tested for central sleep apnea (which is
relatively rare), but none has been identified yet for OSA. Low doses of oxygen has been tested as a treatment, but is
discouraged due to side effects. Dentists
can fabricate an oral appliance, called a
mandibular advancement splint, which
shifts the lower jaw forward and opens
the bite slightly. Such a device has proven successful in individuals with mild to
moderate OSA.
It is estimated that more than 6% of
Americans suffer from at least moderate sleep apnea. Risk factors include sex
(males have a higher risk than females);
excess weight; large neck size (having
more tissue in the neck to press against
the airway); enlarged tonsils or tongue;
small lower jaw bone; gastroesophageal
reflux (commonly called heartburn); allergies; sinus problems; a family history
of sleep apnea; or a deviated septum.
Other factors include smoking; excess
use of alcohol, sedatives, or tranquilizers; and age.
Sleep apnea is increasingly recognized
as a threat to maritime and transportation
safety. What is unclear is the level of this
threat and the appropriate response. The

severity of sleep apnea varies greatly.
Thus, its impact on maritime safety varies greatly. Recognition that sleep apnea
presents a threat to maritime safety is the
first step to addressing the problem, but

only the first step in a complex process.
Further data must be gathered to determine how to structure an appropriate
approach for addressing each individual
mariners situation. This will require

the combined efforts of the U.S. Coast
Guard, the medical community, the maritime industry, and individual merchant
mariners.
Identify and Eliminate

Power System Vulnerabilities
SEL uses a Real Time Digital Simulator (RTDS)
to provide years of operational insight into your
power systems design and performance.
In one of the largest RTDS laboratories in the world,
our engineers create a replica of your power system and
conduct thousands of power hardware-in-the-loop tests.
In a matter of hours, youll see how your system responds
to various conditions of source impedances, load ows,
faults, and transients. Our comprehensive testing services
include:
Common-mode fault testing
Relay coordination verication
The Author
Closed-bus operation validation
Dennis L. Bryant is with Maritime Regulatory Consulting, and a regular contributor to Maritime Reporter & Engineering
News as well as online at MaritimeProfessional.com.
t: 1 352 692 5493
e: dennis.l.bryant@gmail.com
To learn more about verifying your systems recovery and

response in all conditions, visit www.selinc.com/rtds-mr9.
www.marinelink.com
MR #9 (10-17).indd 17
17
9/4/2015 10:05:36 AM
L E G A L B E AT
Riding Waves & Tides to

a Cleaner Energy Future
MHK Potential
The Department of Energy (DoE) has
reported the following available MHK
resources close to the U.S. coastline:
1.)
The technically recoverable resource for electric generation from waves is approximately
1,170 terawatt-hours (TWh) per
year which is almost one-third of
the 4,000 TWh of electricity used in
the U.S. each year. Approximately
85,000 homes can be powered by 1
TWh/year.
2.)
The technical resource potential for tidal generation is estimated to be 250 TWh/year. Alaska
has the most locations with high
kinetic power density, followed by
Maine, Washington, Oregon, California, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, New York, New Jersey, North
Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia,
and Florida.
ocean thermal resources is estimated at 576 TWh/year in U.S. coastal

waters, including all 50 states,
Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands.
With support from the federal and
state governments and industry, these
resources could provide an excellent
source of renewable energy for generations to come.
Funding Availability, Projects, and
Permitting of MHK Resources
Funding to support the development
of MHK technology is available from
both DoE and the Navy, and the two
agencies often combine their resources
to promote this new energy resource.
The Navy has its own test site for wave
energy in Kaneohe Bay on the island
of Oahu, Hawaii. Last year, the Navy
awarded $8 million to the University of
Washington to develop marine renewable energy for use at the Navys facilities worldwide. This is intended to help
the Navy meet its commitment to get
The European Way
The Meygen tidal
stream energy project
is currently under construction off the coast
of Scotland. By the
early 2020s, MeyGen
Limited intends to deploy up to 398MW of
offshore tidal stream
turbines to supply
clean and renewable
electricity to the UK
National Grid.
3.)
The technical resource potential for electric generation from
18
MR #9 (18-25).indd 18
one-half of its energy from renewable

sources by the year 2020. (http://www.
washington.edu/news/2014/10/24/us-navy-awards-8-million-to-developwave-tidal-energy-technology/).
In July 2015, the Office of Energy
Efficiency & Renewable Energy of the
DoE announced that a prototype wave
energy device, called Azura, developed
by Northwest Energy Innovations of
Portland, Oregon, has advanced successfully from initial concept to gridconnected, open-sea pilot testing. Azura
was recently launched and installed in a
30-meter test berth at the Navys Wave
Energy Test Site in Hawaii. The test
will allow researchers at the University
of Hawaii to evaluate the long-term performance of the nations first grid-connected wave energy converter device.
The device will also be feeding renewable electricity to Marine Corps Base
Hawaii. (http://energy.gov.eere/articles/
innovative-wave-power-device-startsproducing-clean-power-Hawaii/).
Other wave energy device tests, sup-
(Credit: Atlantis Resources Ltd.)
hen one thinks of offshore

renewable energy, one usually thinks of offshore wind.
For the first time progress is being made
in the U.S. to develop offshore wind resources. The first steel foundation jacket
has been placed in the ocean floor to
support the Deepwater Wind project off
the coast of Block Island, Rhode Island.
(See www.dwwind.com/press/#/1). But
recently, progress is also being made in
the development of tidal and wave energy resources closer to shore, which are
known as marine hydrokinetic or MHK
resources. MHK projects generate electricity from waves or directly from the
flow of water in ocean currents, tides, or
inland waterways. Ocean thermal energy is also part of the MHK equation but
has not been actively pursued in recent
years.
BY J OAN BO NDAR EF F
ported by a total of $10 million in funding from DoE in 2014, include an Ocean
Energy Buoy developed by Ocean Energy USA of Sacramento, CA. (http://
energy.gov/eere/articles/energy-department-announces-10-million-full-scalewave-energy-device-testing).
Just last month, DoE awarded an additional $7.4 million to develop advanced
components for wave and tidal energy
systems, including awards to Virginia
Tech and Penn State University. The purpose of the funding is to help improve
the performance and reduce the cost of
MHK technologies. (http://energy.gov/
eere/articles/energy-department-awards74-million-develop-advanced-components-wave-and-tidal-energy.)
If a MHK project is located in state
waters, permitting is provided by the
Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
(FERC). FERCs authority to regulate
MHK projects in state waters is derived
from Part I of the Federal Power Act (16
U.S.C. 791a et seq.). A user-friendly
guide to FERCs licensing procedures is
available at: www.ferc.gov/industries/
hydropower/gen-info/licensing/hydrokinetics.asp. MHK development in federal waters is regulated by the Department
of the Interiors Bureau of Ocean Energy
Management (BOEM), but no projects
have yet emerged in federal waters.
As of July 10, 2015, FERC had issued
eight preliminary permits two tidal,
three wave and four inland MHK projects; four licenses for tidal pilot projects;
and four projects were in the pre-filing
stage. The eight preliminary permits include two projects in the Niagara River;
three in Alaska (Kvichak River, Cook Inlet, and the Gulf of Alaska); two in Morro Bay, CA; and one in Ft. Pierce Inlet,
FL. The fully licensed projects include
Verdant Powers tidal project in the East
River, NY; a project in Admiralty Inlet,
Puget Sound, WA; ORPC Maines tidal
project in Cobscook Bay, ME; and Whitestone Powers tidal project in the Tanana River, Alaska.
9/3/2015 10:39:12 AM
Impediments to and Future Development

of MHK Technologies
The Presidents budget for FY16 requested $40.8 million for these programs, a decrease of $300K from FY15.
As of this writing, the House has appropriated only $21.8
million for MHK, but the Senate has increased the budget
for MHK support to $42 million. The Senate funding includes $20 million for a balanced portfolio of competitive
private sector-led research, development and demonstrations and $5 million for an open water, fully grid-connected wave test facility. Unfortunately, it is likely that Congress will adopt a Continuing Resolution or CR for at least
part of FY16 and perhaps even all of the fiscal year which
will hamper any new program starts and could limit grant
opportunities.
Some states have provided support for MHK projects
but this is, understandably, largely dependent on their location and proximity to tides and waves. For example,
the NYS Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA) has actively supported Verdants Roosevelt Island tidal project at Roosevelt Island in the East
River, NYC.
(www.nyserda.ny.gov/Partners-and-Investors/Clean-Energy-Startups/NYSERDA-CatalyzesInvestments/2012-07-02-Verdant-Power).
Alaska has
been supportive of the tidal power being developed in
Cook Inlet, which is estimated by ORPC of Alaska to have
90% of the U.S. total tidal power potential. (www.orpc.co/
content/aspx?p=Yojopy2b9VQ%3D).
Maine has been supportive of ORPC Maines tidal energy project in the Bay of Fundy. (www.orpc.co/content.
aspx?p=h3jCHHn6gcg%ed). This project alone has been
estimated to have injected $21 million into the Maine
economy and supported more than 100 jobs in 13 Maine
counties. (http://www.3degreesinc.com/projects/renewable-energy-projects/maine-tidal-energy).
The recently-reported Senate Energy Policy Modernization Act of 2015 has a separate section to promote the development of MHK resources through the establishment of
new demonstration centers, and an increase in the authorization levels for these programs. (Sections 3013-3016.)
But, of course, it remains to be seen what funds are actually appropriated.
The FERC permitting process, while thorough, has perhaps been slower than some applicants might like; however, the agency has issued a number of licenses for pilot
projects. In summary, companies are left largely on their
own to develop, fund and promote MHK technologies
with limited federal and state support. However, with the
expected progress for wave power in Hawaii at the Navys
test site, and reasonable progress in NYSERDA, Maine
and Alaska for tidal power, perhaps we will see other companies enter the fray and produce more innovative and
cost-effective technologies. These resources can certainly
complement the growth in wind and solar that the U.S. has
experienced in recent years. They can also play a role in
helping states with wave and tidal power potential to implement the new Clean Power Plan that President Obama
announced on August 3, 2015.
The Author
Blank Rome of Counsel Joan Bondareff focuses her practice on marine transportation, environmental, and legislative issues.
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MR #9 (18-25).indd 19
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9/3/2015 10:39:39 AM
E M I S S ION S U PDAT E
To Scrub or
not to Scrub
... that tis the Question
n January 1, 2015, the IMO Annex VI, ECA zone requirements

came into effect. Ship owners
and operators are now faced with having to decide between switching to a
lower sulfur fuel or embracing alternate
solutions such as exhaust gas cleaning
systems (Scrubbers) and LNG. Worldwide, about 300 scrubbing systems
have already been sold to date for marine applications. Many of these have
been sold for vessels operating in the
North European ECA and many for the
global cruise/ferry industry (both in the
US and Europe). The U.S. based noncruise segments have taken a wait and
see attitude with only a few opting for
alternate technologies (primarily in the
Great Lakes). Since the general belief
is that the cost differential between low
and high sulfur fuels will most likely increase as the low sulfur fuel demand increases, the question begs: why is everyone waiting? One possible reason is that
the general shipping industry knowledge
of scrubbers is minimal and therefore
contributing to the slow implementation
of this option. However, with each day
costing the industry millions of dollars
in additional fuel costs, is waiting a wise
decision? In a shipping industry where
small incremental savings could mean
the difference between being competitive or losing money, the scrubber alternative could make a big difference.
This article aims to provide up-to-date
information about the regulations and
about the scrubber technology option.
Demystifying this option should help
ship owners in their evaluation of the
available options.
Regulations
On January 1, 2015, the IMO Annex
VI, ECA zone requirements came into
effect. Ship owners operating in these

areas are now faced with having to decide between switching to a 0.1% Sulfur fuel or adopt alternate solutions such
as exhaust gas cleaning systems (also
known as Scrubbers) or LNG. Annex
VI also set January 2020 as the start of a
global 0.5% Sulfur cap for all areas other than those covered by the 0.1% Sulfur
ECAs (this 2020 sulfur cap is subject
to a review and confirmation in 2018).
Additional emission restrictions are being considered for Mexico, the Mediterranean, the Norwegian Sea, Singapore
and Hong Kong. Although LNG is considered a promising alternative to low
sulfur fuel, its high initial cost, global
availability, and present bunkering capabilities have not allowed it to grow as
fast as the scrubber alternative.
The Scrubber Alternative
The cruise and ferry industries account for the majority of the reported
300 scrubber installations, as the industry has seemingly embraced scrubbing
technology as a solution to the ECA
requirement. Other shipping segments
have also installed scrubbers but not to
the same extent. Many seem to be taking a wait and see attitude. While the
recent reduction in fuel costs has given
the industry a financial break, the net
price differential between low sulfur and
high sulfur fuels has not decreased.
Forecasting the shipping industrys
need for scrubbing systems, several marine equipment companies developed
their scrubber design and entered that
market. Other companies, such as CR
Ocean Engineering (CROE), modified
its proven designs to incorporate the
requirements of the maritime industry.
Most scrubber companies provide full
guarantees and warranties allowing ship
An up-flow configuration such as the CROE Scrubber Design shown to the left is
designed to require less space than the side-entry designs.
20
MR #9 (18-25).indd 20
9/3/2015 10:40:04 AM
The Author
Nicholas Confuorto is President and
COO of CR Ocean Engineering LLC (www.
croceanx.com). Confuorto is also Chairman of the London-based Exhaust Gas
Cleaning Systems Association (EGCSA).
e: nconfuorto@croceanx.com
t: +1 (908) 209-9701
BY N I CHOL A S CON FU ORTO

owners to feel confident that they can
continue using the lower cost high sulfur
fuel oil even in the Environmental Controlled Areas (ECA).
A properly designed marine scrubbing system includes certain features. It
has to be light weight, relatively small
in both diameter and height, highly efficient and it must be cost effective. It
also has to have low backpressure and all
metal construction. It shall be used as a
silencer when wet or dry and it shall not
require a bypass. The system shall also
include the required wash-water treatment equipment and all required monitoring and control equipment. An upflow configuration seems to be preferred
by many ship owners because it requires
less space than the side-entry designs.
Scrubbing Systems are available in
Open Loop (a once trough design using seawater to neutralize the collected
sulfur emissions), Closed Loop (using
a freshwater solution with an alkaline
solution to neutralize the collected sulfur compounds) or Hybrid configurations (deigned to be both Open Loop and
Closed loop and able to switch from one
configuration to the other on demand).
Specific selection is based on ship routing or owners preference.
The Open Loop Design
An Open Loop system is one where
the scrubber uses seawater in and out
on a once-through basis, a design that
uses less equipment and fewer controls. However, because seawater is not
as good a neutralizing agent as caustic
(NaOH), it will require larger piping and
larger pumps. For the same reason, it
is constructed using higher grade alloys
to allow for the lower pH environment.
The pH in the system is adjusted by the
amount of seawater used. The pumped
seawater is distributed within the scrubber vessel by strategically located nozzles.
Each nozzle is designed to optimize
the droplet size, distribution and droplet
residence time to allow for the maxi-
mum contact between seawater and flue

gas SO2. The SO2 is absorbed into the
droplets. The absorbed SO2 reacts with
water to form sulfurous acid. Sulfurous
acid dissociates into bisulfite. The bisulfite further dissociates to sulfite and
sulfates. The sweater pH is then used to
neutralize the acidity of this discharge
water in order to meet the pH requirements set up by IMO. CROE and various other scrubber suppliers have provided several of these open loop systems
to ship-owners globally.
The Closed Loop Design
For ship-owners who travel in fresh
or very low alkalinity waters, or wish
to keep the scrubber water discharge on
board (in a tank) for a period of time, the
Closed Loop scrubber design could be
the preferred configuration.
The scrubber features used in a closed
loop operation are the same as those
used in open loop or hybrid. However,
the pH in the system is controlled by the
amount of caustic added to the circulating loop. A Closed Loop system uses a
solution of fresh water and caustic as the
reagent to remove SO2 from the exhaust
gas stream. This design earns its name
from the closed loop used to circulate
the caustic solution between tank and
scrubber. Because the caustic solution
is much more efficient in removing the
SO2 than seawater, much less water is
circulated a closed loop system than in
an open loop system. This means that
the piping, valves and the pumps used
for a closed loop system are smaller and
require less power.
Unfortunately the circulating solution
in a closed loop system cannot circulate untouched for a long time because
the sulfates/sulfites/bisulfites and sludge
content in the circulating solution continue to build up (due to continued capture of SO2 and particulates). Should the
concentration of these collected pollutants exceed a predetermined maximum
level, the scrubbing efficiency in the
scrubber will decrease significantly and
www.marinelink.com
MR #9 (18-25).indd 21
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E M I S S I ON S U PDAT E
the system will eventually stop scrubbing. To avoid that excessive buildup, a
closed loop system incorporates a small
continuous bleed (a slip stream) from the
circulation loop. That stream is continuously replaced by fresh water to keep the
system in balance. Additional fresh water is also added to replace the water that
is evaporated by contact with the hot exhaust gas. Since the untreated discharge
water from a closed loop system has
much higher pollutant content due to the
normal build-up that occurs in the closed
circulation, additional water cleaning
equipment is required prior to discharge
at sea. The typical water cleaning equipment used in closed loop operation is a
centrifuge or some type of positive filtration. As with the open loop system, the
closed loop system will also include all
monitoring and control equipment. Additionally, it will require caustic storage
and feed system as well as purge water
storage tank if desired. One major advantage of a closed loop system is that
is can be constructed of typical stainless materials because the pH levels are
easily controlled by caustic. Of course
chloride levels may affect the ability to
use stainless steel materials and therefore a proper review of the water and
caustic used is required to make sure that
the maximum chloride levels are not exceeded in the circulating solution.
The Hybrid Design

A hybrid design is a combination of an
open lop and a closed loop system. As
such a hybrid scrubber will be the most
expensive but the most flexible solution.
A hybrid system will have all the additional equipment associate with a closed
loop system but will also circulate more
water and be constructed of higher grade
alloys as the open loop system (because
of the use of seawater in open loop operation).
The advantage of a hybrid system is
that it can be switched from open loop to
closed loop operation on command. One
can operate in closed loop mode when
in port of fresh water and then switch to
open loop when in open seas. This will
minimize the amount of caustic used and
in long run save operating money. Each
ship with a hybrid scrubber installation
will be able to optimize their operation
based on route and local port state requirements.
Stack Monitoring Equipment
The stack emissions are monitored by
a Continuous Emission Monitoring system (CEM). The CEM sensor is located
in the stack above the scrubber unit. The
CEM unit will measure SO2 and CO2.
The emission data collected by this unit
is displayed on the CEM control panel
screen. The exhaust gas emission data
is also archived in the CEM panel along

with the wash-water monitoring data
(PAH, pH and turbidity) and the ship
GPS.
Water Monitoring Equipment
Per the IMO guideline for exhaust
gas cleaning systems, the effluent water
from the scrubber shall be monitored for
pH, turbidity, and PAH. The data collected by these sensors is displayed on
the wash-water monitoring control panel
screen and is also archived on the CEM
control panel. Since IMO has set the turbidity and PAH as increased levels from
the normal surrounding waters, it may
be a good precaution to install turbidity
and PAH monitors on the water intake as
well as the water discharge points to better define the differential between inlet
and outlet. This may be very useful in
proving compliance even when the normal water intake levels of turbidity and
PAH exceed the required IMO established values.
Conclusion
Scrubbers work. Many scrubbers are
now in operation and many others in design and installation phases. Because
of this initial problem some suppliers,
the Exhaust Gas Cleaning Systems Association (EGCSA) was established and
all members vowed to a very strict code
of ethics. EGCSA member companies

work very hard at maintaining a high
standard of design and reputable sales
and marketing approach. Additionally
they are supporting the shipping industry in working with IMO in clarifying
and simplifying some of IMOs requirements.
All EGCSA member companies have
presently provided scrubbers to the shipping industry and have had significant
successes. As an example, CR Ocean
Engineering (CROE) has several on
board units in successful operation and
many others in the design and fabrication stage for some very reputable
shipping/cruising companies. Having
had more than 60 years of successful
scrubbing systems design under its belt,
CROEs success in the marine industry
started with its first installations on a
Great Lakes bulk carrier.
The moral of the story is that scrubbing systems can save significant money
if a ship operates in an ECA for more
than about 40 % of the time. Risks can
be managed by contracting with a known
and reputable company with proven
scrubbing system design experience (using EGCSA member companies is one
way to minimize risk). In the end all
parties want a successful system operation for many decades and all can benefit
by this IMO established equivalency.
DESIGN
ASSE
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MR #9 (18-25).indd 22
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T H E B LU E E CON OMY
BY PAUL H O LTH US
Blue Economy
Ocean Industries & the next 50 Years
Sustainable development has gone
from buzz word to business imperative
in the two decades since the initial Earth
Summit in Rio de Janeiro in 1992. Companies are increasingly evaluated on
how well they address sustainability as
a critical measure of their commitment
to the triple bottom line people, planet
and profit.
Stakeholders expect companies to
develop sustainability and corporate responsibility programs and reporting as
part of efforts to take up civil society
concerns and maintain the social license
to operate. The worlds governments
are poised to endorse a set of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) at a
UN Summit in New York in September
2015. These SDGs are intended to define
the aspirations and targets to guide governments, society - and business - for the
next 15 years. One of the SDGs specifically focused on the ocean, with targets
to address use levels, planning impacts
and environmental protection. Many of
the other SDGs have goals with significant implications for businesses worldwide, including the maritime industries.
To all this, the ocean business community can now add a new term - the Blue
Economy - that that you will be hearing
more and more. Broadly speaking, the
Blue Economy is being defined as:
A sustainable ocean economy emerges
when economic activity is in balance
with the long-term capacity of ocean
ecosystems to support this activity and
remain resilient and healthy.
24
MR #9 (18-25).indd 24
What does all this mean for the people

and companies providing ocean goods
and services are fundamental to the future of the ocean?
The future of the ocean health and the
concept of a Blue Economy are inextricably intertwined with the more fundamental, long-standing and ongoing reality of the ocean economy the broad
range of commercial activity undertaken
for centuries by a diverse ocean business
community that provides society with
the ocean-related goods and services it
demands.
This ocean economy depends on millions of people around the world who
work on, under and around the sea every day to bring us ocean goods and services to support humanity. These men
and women know the ocean better than
most everyone else on the planet and
care about the ocean that their kids and
grandkids will inherit. Although much of
the vast and diverse ocean economy is
out of sight and out of mind for most,
the people, companies and their activities that make up the ocean economy are
the essential starting point and long term
basis for any consideration of ocean sustainable development and a Blue Economy.
What is this ocean economy?
It is an estimated $4-10 trillion dollars/year in economic activity, including:
90% of international trade through
cost- and carbon-efficient delivery
via 50,000+ merchant ships crisscrossing the globe;
Healthy protein from fisheries,

from about 1.3 million fishing
vessels, and from fish farms, with
aquaculture growing 7% per year
the past decades and now producing 50% of seafood;
Growing offshore energy sources
that supply about 30% of hydrocarbons, a rapidly increasing amount
wind energy, and major wave and
current energy potential;
98% of international telecommunications, carried on more than one
million km of submarine cables;
Recreation and tourism options for
every ocean interest, with cruise
tourism growing at 8.5 % per year
in recent decades;
Desalinated seawater to live in our
booming coastal cities, with desalination supplying 90% of the freshwater in some countries;
Innovation and technology to discover and document the deepest
darkest corners, furthest reaches
and extreme conditions of planet
ocean;
Ports and coastal infrastructure that
all countries depend on for trade
and growth; and
Much else that sustains our modern
life, booming population and growing expectations.
However, our use of ocean space and

resources is affecting ocean health and
sustainability. These effects of sea-based
activities are also accompanied by often
much more significant land-based sourc-
Chemical tanker leaving

Cape Town.
es of impacts, such as municipal wastes,

agricultural runoff and plastics.
Ocean industries operate in a fluid,
three-dimensional,
interconnected
ocean. This means industrys activities,
responsbilities, and impacts are also interconnected as must be industry sustainable developmnet efforts. The best
efforts by a single company or even a
whole industry sector will not be enough
to secure ocean health and productivity
into the future.
This creates a compelling business
case for industry leadership and collaboration in tackling ocean sustainability,
stewardship and science. Fortunately,
there are many good, smart people in
good, smart companies who do their
best to understand and address ocean
sustainable development. These leadership companies conduct their business
in a manner that is compatible with the
balanced environmental and economic
needs of the communities in which they
operate.
To further enhance responsible operations throughout different ocean industry
sectors, a group of companies banded together to form the World Ocean Council
(WOC) the international, multi-industry business leadership alliance for Corporate Ocean Responsibility. This collaboration helps identify sustainability
risks, gaps and practical cross-sectoral,
science-based solutions.
Cross-sectoral WOC teams are putting
this unique industry alliance to work on a
range of topics, such as ocean policy and
governance; marine spatial planning/
9/3/2015 10:47:34 AM
ocean zoning; invasive species; marine

debris/port reception facilities; marine
sound; and improved ocean data collection. Robust data-sets, peer-reviewed
published science, risk assessments, and
use of the best available technologies
are essential to these efforts.
An increasing number and range of
ocean industry companies from around
the world are distinguishing themselves
as leaders in Corporate Ocean Responsibility by joining the WOC and
are collaborating to achieve the Blue
Economy - a balance of responsible
ocean use and sustained ocean health.
How does all this relate to the future
of the ocean? What are the projections
for ocean industry activity in the coming
decades? What opportunities and risks
will future ocean use create for each
sector, for the collective ocean business community, for the ocean economy
overall, and for the ocean itself?
The diverse ocean business community will gather in Singapore (9-11
November 2015) at the 3rd WOC Sustainable Ocean Summit (SOS) to tackle
these fundamental questions with a focus on Sustainable Development and
Growing the Blue Economy - the Next
50 Years.
The SOS 2015 theme recognizes the
contribution of the ocean economy to
the food, energy, transport, communications and other needs of society and the
role of the ocean business community
over the next 50 years in:
Ensuring the health, productivity
and sustainable development of the
ocean.
Advancing responsible ocean economic activity that contributes income, jobs, goods and services in
support of societal needs.
Addressing how ocean industries

can advance their leadership, collaboration and commitment to sustaining the interconnected ocean
environment, people and economy.
Planning for the next 50 years of
Blue Growth, sustainable ocean
economic development and responsible ocean business opportunities.
Determining how ocean industries
relate to the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
The Ocean + 50 plenary at the SOS

2015 will in particular be an unprecedented look into the future of ocean
use around the world and across the
sectors. Expert presentations will cover
shipping, oil and gas, fisheries, aquaculture, renewable energy, cruise tourism,
marine mining and submarine cables in
this first-ever comprehensive platform
on the future of ocean industries. The
session will address the trends, geographies, assumptions, opportunities, and
risks for each sector over the coming 50
years. The session will focus especially
on 2015-2030, the time frame for the
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
soon to be adopted by the U.N.
To learn more about the WOC and the
SOS 2015, visit http://www.oceancouncil.org/site/summit_2015/
The Author
Paul Holthus is founding CEO of the
World Ocean Council - the international,
multi-industry business leadership alliance on Corporate Ocean Responsibility.
e: paul.holthus@oceancouncil.org
Event Planner
The Sustainable
Ocean Summit 2015
November 9-11, 2015, Singapore
The Sustainable Ocean Summit (SOS) is the only global, multi-sectoral
platform for leadership companies and organizations to advance the development and implementation of industry-driven solutions to ocean sustainability challenges. With Singapore celebrating its 50th anniversary in 2015
and continuing to advance its significant role in the global maritime economy, SOS 2015 will bring together the diverse ocean business community to
plan for the next 50 years of Blue Growth, a sustainable ocean economy and
responsible ocean business opportunities.
www.oceancouncil.org/site/summit_2015/
www.marinelink.com
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M A R I T IME SU RV E IL L A N CE
Keeping a Watchful Eye
Maritime Surveillance Technique & Technology in the New Millennium
n 2014, Forbes Associate Director for

Maritime Services at Control Risks
stated that maritime risks are on the
rise. Mariners and ship owner/operators
experienced a 26% spike in maritime piracy and armed robbery since 2014 and
the North Sea Oil Industry admitted that
it had been targeted and thwarted cyber
attacks, attacks that if successful could
have caused untold financial and logistical damage. While most of us see these
security incidents in news snippets, consider:
Tankers are still being hijacked and
emptied at sea;
A plot to bomb the Suez Canal was
revealed in 2015;
Oil companies are installing surveillance equipment protecting rigs in
response to perceived threats;
Within the last decade, plans to attack a cruise ship in a major U.S.
port were revealed.
Maritime surveillance systems play a
key role monitoring sea lanes and ports
while supporting worldwide maritime
safety and security.
Situational Awareness &
Operational Effectiveness
The ability to operate effectively and
securely in any environment (air, land
or sea) depends on an acute awareness
and understanding of the surrounding
elements. Military, law enforcement and
port security specialists pride themselves
in maintaining a high level of situational
awareness (SA). Their lives depend on
the ability to accurately predict the status of the surrounding elements within a
measurement of time and space. Todays
Port security officials, naval personnel,
and U.S. Coast Guard Ship Captains and
Sector Commanders all use an electronic
display of data and sensor information
providing real-time situational awareness. The source data supporting these
maritime surveillance systems may
include cameras, radars, sonars, Automated Identification Systems (AIS) and
real-time crowd sourcing data. An excellent surveillance system offers data
clarity within a common operating picture supporting operations and appropriate security responses in emergency
situations. This article provides clear
guidance to companies in the process of
seeing though the clutter in the development or selection of an operationally ef-
26
MR #9 (26-33).indd 26
fective coastal surveillance system and

sensor integrator.
Challenges in Developing Maritime
Surveillance Systems
Making multiple sensors form one cohesive situational awareness picture is
not just about the sensors. The genesis
of an effective SA system begins with
clearly identifying the problem(s) that
need solving. A clear definition of the
problem and performance requirements
for the system is the first challenge.
Once the end user has defined the Concept of Operations (CONOPS) the experienced integrator will choose appropriate sensors based on a number of factors,
including but not limited to:
Area of Coverage (sectors, 360 degrees, land, sea, air, distance from
shore, overlap, blind spots)
Environmental Factors (weather,
marine life, sea and land clutter,
water temperature, salinity)
Duration of Coverage (day, night,
months, years)
Restrictions (power, staff, passive
vs active sensors)
Target Behavior (speed, track, medium, distance)
Sensor Limitations (side lobes,
signal strength, data storage, bandwidth, range)
Some of the challenges are as basic as
getting the sensor feeds to literally plug
into one another and play well together.
Cross correlation of multiple sensors is
an art form. Once a target is identified
on one sensor, it may or may not be seen
on other sensor types depending on the
sensor settings, time of day, sensor capability and vulnerability etc. Determining
the most appropriate sensors and sensor
placement for the surveillance system
requires seasoned sensor integrators. In
order to get reliable and consistent target
identification under a variety of conditions, multiple types of sensors may be
required. Sensors typically have certain
conditions under which they perform optimally. For example, infrared cameras
provide a reliable tracking of warm
targets in no or low light conditions
where a daylight camera may not.
Many first and second generation
maritime surveillance systems are in
need of upgrades. During the lifetime
of a surveillance system, legacy sensors
may need to be merged or work in con-
junction with new sensors. The modernization of the USCG Fleet C2 sensors
mentioned later in this article is a perfect
example.
A surveillance system secure from interceptors, or cyberattacks is paramount.
In an effort to underscore the importance of cybersecurity within maritime
environment in June 2015 the USCG
published a document entitled Cyber
Strategy which outlines the defense of
cyberspace, enabling operations and
protecting infrastructure. While cyberattacks are a known threat and some protections are available and in place, it is
the authors opinion that more attention
could be paid to securing integrated sensor systems.
In designing and evaluating a multisensor SA systems objectives include
but are not limited to:
Scalability and interoperability
meeting future expansion while leveraging existing systems
Flexible sensor solutions for a variety of platforms, environments and
data links
Sensors with complementary capabilities and limitations
Abstracting specific sensors behavior and characteristics from the enduser (providing illusion of Plug &
Play)
Consistent / accurate performance
in all weather conditions
Filtering raw data and information;
displaying whats pertinent to the
mission
Multi-sensor track processing and
correlation
Reliable target information supporting operator decision making
Real-time anomaly detection / alerting for operator incident recognition
Capability for sharing information
with other systems.
User friendly operation and maintenance
Ongoing customer support and open
feedback loops
Examples of Sensor Integration
Core system capabilities that tie the
sensors to the user display are often developed and maintained by agile sensor integrators. SSR Engineering Inc. is
considered by many in the defense and
maritime surveillance industry to be a
prime example of a capable, responsive
By Marianne Molchan
sensor integrator providing everything
from portable stand-alone systems using
non-terrestrial communications to large
scale multi-site sensor installations. SSR
Engineerings personal computer based
radar processor (PCRP) is an example
of a black box that is the functional
backbone of multiple national and international maritime and shipboard surveillance systems, port security, offshore
platforms and range safety systems. Used
by both military and civilian clients, the
value in the PCRP lies in the fact that it
seamlessly interfaces with most modern and legacy radars and Identification
Friend or Foe (IFF) systems.
Following are some prime examples of
how the design and customer feedback
loop to a SA system creates optimal performance.
MLEIN: Maritime Law Enforcement
Information Network
Marylands Department of Natural Resources uses SSR Engineerings surveillance system to protect valuable oyster
beds in the Chesapeake. Land based
radars, shipboard cameras, and portable
sensor systems are monitored by the
Natural Resources Police. The network
uses 4G, Wi-Fi, Microwave and terrestrial data links providing target data, AIS
and Blue Force tracking in a cohesive
track picture. The sensor rich system
covers the Chesapeake Bay from the
Susquehanna River to the Virginia state
line.
SSR provides lifetime customer support to the MLEIN owner/operators.
Ongoing customer support generates
a valuable feedback loop. The experienced MLEIN operators continue to provide system improvement requests that
contribute to tailored system enhancements.
Small Target Detection
Based on small boat attack tactics navies worldwide have been paying close
attention to small boat behavior within
a port. The Port of Long Beach determined they needed additional sensors
to provide this key missing component
to their Port Security System. SSR Engineering created a system supporting multiple missions simultaneously
through a set of processing and display
filters used specifically for the purposes
of tracking small vessels. This provided
9/9/2015 9:27:45 AM
port security personnel much needed

mission specific information. Existing
radar sensors were monitoring and tracking the larger vessel entering and exiting
the port but the new radar system provided a second layer of security supporting
ongoing patrols by the USCG and Long
Beach Marine Police. The combination
of additional radars and radar processors
feeds vital information into the port security operators, C2 Center and Jacobsen
Pilots.
This system includes a centralized
alarming capability that monitors the
small boat tracks and provides a realtime alerting function. These alerts
include geo-fences, closest point of approach, proximity zones, loitering zones
and anchor watch.
Modernization of the USCG Fleet
USCG shipboard C2 systems incorporate SSR Engineering technologies
allowing operators to use the ARPA interface augmented with tactical features
and functions.
As a result, the C2 system is scalable,
interoperable and suitable for future expansion while leveraging the existing
systems. Because of SSR Engineering
enhancements, the USCG installed their
radars of choice without worrying about
prohibitive integration issues. The system includes an identification friend or
foe transponder, an Automatic Identification System (AIS), electro-optical /
infrared sensor system, surface search
radar and air search radar. Depending
on the mission at hand, these technologies allow operators to quickly identify
threats, violators, or distressed vessels
and coordinate joint response operations.
Securing Offshore Platforms- 360 degree Integrated Sensor Surveillance, Detection and Alerting Systems for Mobile
Operators
With a worldwide movement towards
minimal manning and the need to provide 360 degree protection for vessels
and offshore platforms, the future in
maritime security systems lies in sophisticated alerting capabilities. SSR
Engineering technologies provide sensor solutions for a variety of platforms,
environments and data links creating an
interconnected set of patrol boats and
platforms. The platform acts as the command center which is capable of sharing
radar and track information with patrol
boats.
SSRs surveillance systems include
custom alerting capabilities delivering
alarms and threat alerts via email, Short
Message Service (SMS), Multi-Media
Messaging Service (MMS) and Simple
Network Management Protocol (SNMP)

to assist operators working with mobile
devices. They have incorporated alerting
systems such as Long Range Acoustic
Devices (LRAD) and AIS with their Radar, Camera and Sonar surveillance sys-
tems. With the use of AIS and LRAD, the

operator can provide direct notification
or warning to the target. The SSR Composite Tracker correlates target information from multiple sensors providing an
accurate track picture while alarm zones

based on proximity and pre-determined
characteristics detect and trigger events
like slewing cameras or LRADs towards
the threat and send out a warning.
(Continued on bottom of page 29)
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9/9/2015 9:28:09 AM
M A R I T I ME SU RV E IL L A N CE
Monitoring for Efficiency, Safety

F
erry masters operating off the west

coast of Scotland traditionally
would have to sail to a port and on
arrival visually assess the weather and
tide conditions before deciding whether
it was safe to berth alongside the pier or
quayside: a process which wasted time
and fuel, and frustrating the paying passengers. The berthing of ferries is a
high skill job, particularly during bad
weather, and the decision on whether a
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With multiple sites in island locations,
remote access to accurate local data providing live information on tide level and
key climatic conditions could facilitate
substantial improvements to the service
by aiding the Masters to make a more informed decision at an earlier stage in the
voyage in some instances even before
departing the previous port or harbor.
Caledonian Maritime Assets Limited
(CMAL), which owns many of the ferries, ports and harbors in the region, procured a network of 15 tide and weather
stations from OTT Hydrometry. The
new monitoring equipment provides
live data on port conditions to enable the
ferry sailing decisions to be made in a

timely manner.
OTT installed the first monitoring station in August 2014 and the network is
now almost complete with sensors providing data every 1 minute via UHF radio
to gateways in the ferry offices, which
then submit the data via the internet to
a central server, which can be remotely
accessed by authorized users, said David McHardie, CMAL Harbor Master.
We have a regulatory requirement to
monitor the tide level in our statutory
harbors, but this system also provides
essential weather information for our
ports. In the past, these measurements
were taken manually, so the availability
of continuous multiparameter data is an
enormous improvement not just in the
quality and value of the information, but
also in the safety benefits for harbor operations staff, that this provides.
Live Data
The availability of live data on port
conditions theoretically enables the
ferry Masters to make better informed
decisions at an earlier stage, potentially
saving time, fuel and costs. Emphasizing the growing need for data, McHardie
said: In recent years, severe weather
events appear to have become more frequent and they seem to develop faster;
for example, since the monitoring network was installed, we have recorded
a sudden drop in temperature of 8C in
just 5 minutes at the port of Armadale on
the Isle of Skye, and a maximum wind
gust of 96 knots at Castlebay on the Isle
of Barra. These conditions represent a
rapid deterioration of conditions and the
monitoring network enables us to respond quickly and effectively.
Each monitor is located adjacent to

the main berthing area on the pier with
a lockable GRP control box. The system
is comprised of: an OTT radar level sensor; a Lfft ultrasonic weather monitor
measuring wind speed, gust and direction, air temperature and barometric
pressure; an Adcon radio unit with backup batteries and a marine grade antenna.
The radar tide level sensor is an OTT
GOST Marine Security Video Recording Device

GOST (Global Ocean Security Technologies) released its next generation security video solution,
the GOST Watch HD Internet Video Recorder (IVR). The new video recording system features a
four terabyte hard drive designed to capture and store video on a modern yacht that is capable
of continuously recording and storing 90 days of video from up to six cameras. The GOST Watch
HD IVR system supports the highest resolution video recording from any GOST or third party
analog cameras connected to the GOST Watch HD Analog-to-Digital Gateway (GWHD-A/D
Gateway). Footage can be accessed locally on board the boat for viewing and downloading to a
computer or USB thumb drive, or remotely via the GOST Watch HD password-protected website.
The secure GOST Watch HD web portal offers navigation aids with quick review, locate and
calendar-lookup tools; time and date stamped video; as well as an easy-to-use file export utility. It
includes a newly designed interface for accessing stored video footage quickly and easily. If Internet connectivity is lost or interrupted, users can also review footage via HDMI or VGA outputs
on a boats TVs or multifunction displays (MFD).
Video files are stored on the GOST Watch HD IVR system at the highest resolution produced
VGA RES (640 X 480) at up to 20 FPS using custom H.264/MJPEG dual codec decoding compression. For a maximum of six cameras, the frame rate can be reduced slightly to ensure required capacity. In cases where there is little activity in view of the camera
being recorded, the maximum storage may be increased due to the use of H.264 compression. Connected directly, the GOST Watch HD IVR will collect video without
using the bandwidth from onboard cellular or satellite-based Internet connections.
www.gostglobal.com
28
MR #9 (26-33).indd 28
9/9/2015 9:28:35 AM
... since the monitoring network was installed, we have recorded a sudden drop in temperature of 8C in just 5 minutes
at the port of Armadale on the Isle of Skye, and a maximum
wind gust of 96 knots at Castlebay on the Isle of Barra.
RLS, a non-contact sensor employing
pulse radar technology with a large 35m
measurement range.
Both the RLS and the weather sensors,
which have no moving parts, have extremely low power consumption, which
is vitally important for installations at
remote sites. At two locations it was not
possible to install a radar sensor so an
OTT CBS (bubbler sensor) was installed
providing comparable levels of accuracy
and reliability.
Now that the CMAL monitoring system is installed, McHardie is looking for
ways to leverage the value of the data.
For example, radio data transmission
works well over water, so it should be
possible to fit the same technology on
ferries so that the ferry Masters can ac-
cess the data directly, instead of having

to call the port office for a verbal update.
The OTT monitoring network also incorporates an email alert system, and whilst
this has not yet been configured, it will
be possible in the future for ferry masters to receive email alerts warning them
when pre-specified port conditions arise.
We would also like to eventually
make the data available to the public as
part of an enhanced harbors information system, McHardie said. However,
when a ferry has berthed, with the monitoring system being located on the pier,
the vessel can cause a wind shadow;
which means the wind data during that
period can be potentially misleading. It
has to be remembered that this system
remains only an aid to navigation.
(Continued from page 27)
Remote monitoring and control capability sending sensor data and control
messages over low-bandwidth radio and
satellite links provide owner/operators
of platforms an additional surveillance
capability.
Conclusion
A primary goal of a robust SA system
is to sharpen the operators perception of
the surrounding environmental elements
with respect to time and/or space. Experienced operators of robust SA systems
find them essential to surveillance, detection, classification, identification and
potentially prosecution of a target. Engineering companies that provide software that produces organized data fusion
from multiple sources essentially create
a reduced operator workload, enhanced
decision-making and essential mission
management.
Essential concepts for developing a
maritime surveillance system are provided in this article. A review of some of
the key points are provided below:
The first challenge in developing

maritime surveillance systems is
understanding and defining the customers problem and performance
requirements.
Determining the most appropriate
sensors and sensor placement for
the surveillance system requires
seasoned sensor integrators.
Each sensor has specific capabilities

and limitations. The multi-type sensor approach will achieve consistent
performance under all conditions.
A surveillance system secure from
interceptors, or cyber attacks is paramount.
Ongoing customer support generates a valuable feedback loop. Experienced operators can provide
SA system improvement requests
contributing to tailored system enhancements.
Multi-mission support capability
using a set of processing and display
filters allow each operator to see the
pertinent information they have requested for their mission.
With a worldwide movement towards minimal manning and the
need to provide 360 degree protection for vessels and offshore platforms, the future in maritime security systems lies in sophisticated
alerting capabilities.
The Author
Marianne Molchan is President of
Molchan Marine Sciences (MMS) and
a retired Navy Commander. MMS supports the development, evaluation and
implementation of maritime safety and
security technology systems for clients
worldwide.
www.marinelink.com
MR #9 (26-33).indd 29
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9/9/2015 10:49:53 AM
O F FS H O R E PORT S
VOOPS
Venice Oshore Onshore Port System
Building the Venice

Offshore Port
By Josh Keefe
An artists rendering of the completed
(Image credit: Venice Port Authority)
VOOPS project offshore port.
30
MR #9 (26-33).indd 30
9/3/2015 10:59:09 AM
he New York Times once called

Venice undoubtedly the most
beautiful city built by man. But
as beautiful as Venice might be,
it is still a port city struggling to compete
in a global economy, and beauty doesnt
attract Ultra Large Container Vessels
(UCLV). Port of Venice authorities hope
that its ambitious new offshore-onshore
port project might do just that.
The Venice Offshore Onshore Port
System (VOOPS) was born out of necessity. The Venetian government made
it a goal to remove all oil tanker traffic

from the Venice Lagoon in the eighties
and last year the city banned cruise ships
(although a court overturned the ban ear-
lier this year). Venice exists in a lagoon,

a lagoon the city has in interest in protecting, both for environmental reasons
and for self-preservation. Venice is liter-
ally sinking at the same time that water

levels are rising. The city is constructing
an integrated system of mobile gates capable of separating the lagoon from the

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MR #9 (26-33).indd 31
31
9/4/2015 10:35:32 AM
Adriatic, a system known as the MoSe

project.
Construction began in 2003 and was
originally scheduled to be completed
in 2012. After a series of controversies,
including the arrest of the citys mayor
on corruption charges associated with
the project, MoSe is now scheduled to
be operational in 2016. Isolating the city
from the ocean might be the way to save
the city from rising tides and increasingly tempestuous weather, but it would
hardly help the local economy and the
Port of Venice.
VOOPS 2020
Venice Port Authority and the Venice
Water Authority have adopted plans to
not only move oil tanker traffic out of the
lagoon, but expand the ports container
ship capacity and revitalize the entire
North Adriatic as a gateway to central
European markets in the process. The
VOOPS might not just change the Port
of Venice when it begins operations in
2020, it could also serve as a model for
ports worldwide struggling with accommodating massive container ships, protecting local environments, and main-
taining port security.

Part of the MoSe project was the construction of a lock at the Malamocco inlet that was compatible with an offshore
port. The advent of 16,000 to 18,000
TEU container vessels led authorities
to realize that they could effectively kill
two birds with one stone: expand the
ports capacity and eliminate tanker traffic in the lagoon. They could accomplish
this by building an offshore port capable
of handling both oil shipments and the
berthing of ULCVs. The project was
formally presented to the International
Maritime Organization in June by Paolo

Costa, President of the Venice Port Authority, Dimitris Pachakis from Royal
Haskoning, and Jim Knott from BMT
Triton in London. Construction is set to
begin in 2016.
The project is essentially two subprojects: one is the construction of an
energy terminal, the other a container
terminal. Both will be protected by the
same 4.2km long breakwater and will be
built eight nautical miles offshore where
the ocean depth is 20 meters. The container terminal will eventually be able to
An artists rendering of the VOOPS offshore container terminal.
32
MR #9 (26-33).indd 32
9/3/2015 11:00:33 AM
accommodate three ULCVs simultaneously. (Currently, the Port of Venice has

12m sea beds only capable of handling
vessels of up to 7,000 TEUs in size).
Building two terminals eight miles into
the ocean is certainly its own technical
challenge, but it is the method that Royal Haskoning DHV devised to transport
cargo containers that makes the project
truly innovative.
Venice Port Authority calls the system
a continuous conveyor belt, one that will
transfer cargo from the offshore terminal
to Porto Marghera and Porto Chioggia,
The advent of 16,000 to 18,000 TEU container vessels led authorities to realize that
they could effectively kill two birds with
one stone: expand the ports capacity and
eliminate tanker traffic in the lagoon.
which are inside the Venice Lagoon, as

well as Porto Levante and inland river
ports. The first part of the system is the
container terminal, which will have a
berth length of 1000 meters and a berth
depth of 20 meters (a size large enough
to ensure that even if the explosion in
container vessel size continues, the Port
of Venice will still be able to accommodate the worlds largest ships).
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MR #9 (26-33).indd 33
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9/3/2015 11:01:42 AM
tional. This terminal will use automated
straddle carriers working with remotely
operated STS and barge cranes to load
and unload containers onto barges capable of holding 384 TEUs. These class-v
barges will then be loaded onto semisubmersible vessels, dubbed Mama
vessels, designed by BMT Triton.
Watching an animation of the Mama
vessels in action makes it clear how they
got their name: two barges move inside
the Mama vessels and the Mamas, pregnant with the barges floating inside of
them, then travel at a rate of 12 knots,
generating a wave of less than .5 meters,
which will help to ensure safer Lagoon
navigation. (For a look at the video,
visit: https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=QNeGfeq9D3M&list=UUY29bF0T-
h4lFhitYvYVYIg&index=15)
The Mama ships will feature three
Schottel azimuthing thrusters for maneuverability, and the ballasting operation to allow the docking of barges will
take only 15 minutes to complete. The
barges are then capable of inland navigation once they arrive on shore.
Economic Impact
The VOOPS project, which will have a
2.1 billion euro basis cost for an international tender, will be fully operational by
2023. But the economic benefits to the
region will start long before that. Pricewaterhouse Cooper estimates that the
construction phase alone will create 943
jobs and impact the local economy to the
tune of 703 million euros. The operation
of the system will create 1,925 jobs by

2025. Venice also already has a large and
underused rail infrastructure that is capable of accommodating expanded cargo
volumes. The project will also convert
disused areas of Porto Marghera, which
will be the first land terminal to receive
containers in the VOOPS system, to port
industrial and logistical uses. Port Marghera is located in the Montesyndial
area, a section of disused industrial areas
that were once operated by Montefibre
and Syndial. This area was purchased by
the Port Authority in 2010 and has since
been part of an ongoing reclamation
project. Currently 32 hectares out of 90
are available for port and industrial use.
The benefits of Venices offshore port
project will extend far beyond Venice.
The project is part of a larger effort to

revitalize the Northern Adriatic. Look
at a map and draw a straight line from
the Suez Canal the heart of Europe and
youll notice that Venice, and the Northern Adriatic, are the first thing you hit on
the European mainland.
The European Union has recently invested three million euro into studying
the Northern Adriatic as part of its TransEuropean Transport Network (Ten-T)
program. The opportunities are there,
but the infrastructure, as of now, is not.
The overall throughput of all NAPA
(Northern Adriatic Ports Association)
ports was 1.8 million TEU last year, or
about 110 million tons, which is only
a quarter of Rotterdams throughput.
NAPA has set a goal of increasing its
The container terminal at Porto Marghera.
34
MR #9 (34-41).indd 34
9/3/2015 11:13:39 AM
throughput to 6 million TEUs by 2030,

and while the VOOPS project is the star
of that effort, NAPA ports like Trieste,
Rijeka, and Koper are planning, or have
already started, major port infrastructure
projects.
Its possible that the biggest impact
VOOPS makes isnt just in Venice, or
the Northern Adriatic, but on how governments think about ports and their relationships to cities.
The advantages of offshore ports in a
variety of areas, including environmental, volume and security, have long been
recognized. Cargill launched an offshore
port off the coast of Jamnagar, India in
1998 and Abu Dhabi opened its Khalifa
Port, an artificial island, in 2012. But
VOOPS might be the model for the off-
The Onshore Area.
shore ports of the future. The project was

shortlisted for the 2014 OECD International Transport Forums Innovation in
Transport Award and received a special
mention for its replicability around the
world.
That replication might happen soon.
Experts have cited the U.S. and Africa
as key markets that would be best served
by offshore ports. The U.S. government
is investigating offshore port concepts
through its Portinus project at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
(LLNL). And Bechtel said earlier this
year that it is in discussions with U.S.
government agencies about the development of an offshore port on the East
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MR #9 (34-41).indd 35
35
9/4/2015 10:45:56 AM
O F FS H O R E E N E RGY
FLNG
Birth of
a Market
LNG deal-making has been sporadic since Woodside Petroleum at the end of 2013 delayed a final investment decision
for the giant Browse FLNG project off Northwest Australia.
The previous year had seen go-aheads for most of the floating
liquefied natural gas projects (FLNG) underway today, including
Shells Prelude FLNG Woodsides choice, it seems, of a liquefaction solution for fields 200 kilometers offshore. Yet Prelude,
the first project out, might not be first to produce. The speed to
market and scalability of rival FLNG ideas offers options for
the revenue-hungry and a new market for marine and offshore
early movers. Browse FLNG, too, is on-track for front-end engineering later in 2015.
36
MR #9 (34-41).indd 36
Floating oil production might be decades old, but floating liquefied natural
gas is so new that technology patents are
still vulnerable. Classification societies
cant say for certain that theyve given
their full blessing to projects from top
to bottom. Few projects are sanctioned
in Australia, Cameroon, Canada, Indonesia, Malaysia, Mozambique and
the United States. Sixteen others offer a
chance for contractors to plan their contracts now.
Competing for the mid-term opportunities to unlock stranded gas offered
by new liquefaction solutions from
Britain, Japan and Norway is tried and
tested technology from Germany and the

United States. FLNG is developing in
such lurches and spurts that consortia of
former rival contractors are collaborating on front-end engineering and design
(FEED) and engineering procurement
and construction (EPC) bids together
to make sure theyre in on what comes
next. The focus is on Asia, where gas and
people abound, but where a maritime
continent lacks Europes interlocking
pipelines. In Asia, shipyards anticipate
FLNG orders with investments in the
largest dry docks, cranes and quays ever
seen. The mantra A FEED and an Asian
yard suits FLNG well. Though still
9/3/2015 11:14:49 AM
Largest Ever
The Prelude FLNG projects turrent module
leaves Dubai for the Asia.
(Courtesy Shell)
pegged to oil, gas prices have become

increasingly regional and are nowhere
stronger than in Asia, while liquefying
remote African gas looks set to transform
the center of a worldwide industry.
Imperceptibly in most places, spot gas
prices are showing signs of life, even if
LNG carrier rates have plummeted since
2012. Against this backdrop, clutches of
engineers are keen to build strength in
LNG by building FLNG, which has half
the price tag of land-based LNG if still
pricier than piped gas.
Liquefaction Vessels
One early mover is nimble-minded
Golar LNG. Against the backdrop of

Browse, Prelude and Exmars barge-like
Caribbean LNG (built) for Colombia,
Golar in 2014 and again in January 2015
brought in Korean shipyard Keppel and
U.S. floating liquefaction expert Black
& Veatch to convert the midstream Hilli
and Gimi Moss-type LNG carriers into
125,000-cubic-metre offshore FLNG
vessels able to produce 1.2 million tons
per annum (MMta) of LNG. The Gimi
conversion is nearly half built, and the
design reveals two sponsons bearing
FLNG plant. Both conversions are EPC
contract wins for Black & Veatch and
the U.S. contractors veteran PRICO
technology was chosen for its smaller

vendor list and reliability, as well as for
the targeted clean well stream. The
PRICO kit is already key to this burgeoning FLNG market of new and old
LNG players.
The scale and speed in which we secured the contract for the GIMI is a testament of the industrys confidence in
FLNG conversion solutions, company
VP and Executive Director for EPC
projects, Hoe Wai Cheong says in a 2015
statement. Golar and Keppel are spearheading an FLNG industry of substantial potential.
Two Golar FLNG contracts in short
order provided upwards of $900 million each in shipyard, topsides and liquefaction work. Woodside had planned
to use three FLNG vessels using Shells
own liquefaction technology at Browse
before twice delaying decision gate,
some say to allow Australias enormous
supplier costs lead to narrow. Meanwhile, PRICO liquefactions simplified plant, with fewer vendors needed,
has in short order transformed an LNG
ship owner into a gas producer. Rapid
start-up, a reliable record and choice of
size are Black & Veatchs offering to
the FLNG business. Golar and Exmars
Carribbean FLNG (0.6 MMta) show the
www.marinelink.com
MR #9 (34-41).indd 37
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9/4/2015 10:51:33 AM
Pioneer
ExxonMobils FLNG
design offshore
Australia
Courtesy ExxonMobil
Stranded gas
Carribean LNG
was to be the first.
Photo: Courtesy Black & Veatch
value and speed of scaling. The Carribbean FLNG nearshore vessel was set to
produce first, when operator Pacific Rubiales decided to hold off for financial
reasons. As in Western Canada, where
18 LNG projects have been submitted,
smaller projects have been first to pass
through environmental assessment and
into financial decision-making.
Sevan Circles
While the PRICO solution might have
the lowest capital cost of all competing
technologies plus simplified control
systems and has been reliable in at least
25 projects, relative newbies are also
fostering a market with an increasingly
dedicated supply chain. Modec, Kanfa
Aragon (nearly 50-50 Sevan and Technip), Hi-Load LNG (Sevan) and the cylindrical floating production contractor
Sevan Marine itself are all creating a stir
around the promise of FLNG to recover
stranded gas ahead of costlier platforms
and without coastal construction (like
jetties, pipeline and dredging).
Like Shell with Prelude (3.6 MMtpa,
now out of dry dock) the worlds largest floating structure Sevan Marine
has had to wade through cyclone testing
38
MR #9 (34-41).indd 38
to present a weather-safe FLNG design,

even going the joint industry project
route for permanent mooring in cyclonic
conditions in preparation for a 10,000year wave off Northwest Australia, the
South China Sea or the Gulf of Mexico.
Company vice president for technology,
Fredrik Major, can boast production turret designs and speaks for a company
capable of getting 60,000-ton topsides
aboard a cylindrically hulled floating
producer.
Major says floating production sizing
is the big challenge. A key design feature of the Sevan cylindrical FPSO is
risers concealed behind the outer hull,
so theres no turret and delicate swivel
mooring system. Once the darling design candidate of the postponed Russian
Shtokman gas field in the Arctic, the
Sevan FLNG design still seems to offer
extreme open-ocean advantages with its
compartments of condensate tanks on
top and LNG offloading to standard carriers.
It gives you access to the market,
Major says of FLNG to a gathering of
his peers. Sevan Marine also owns the
impressive HiLoad LNG business with
its offloading system a towering DP
docking unit that connects to an LNG

carrier with LNG and vapor return hoses.
Back to Liquefaction
One of the handful of FLNG projects
being built, Petronass PLFNG 2 facility offshore Sabeh Malaysia is already
attracting a trail of suppliers through its
JGC Corp (Japan) and Samsung Heavy
Industries (South Korea) engineering
consortium.
Automation giant Yokogawa Electrics
controls business in Malaysia is among a
growing number of suppliers connecting
to the FLNG consortia. Yokogawa will
deliver equipment to manage the liquefaction and storage tanks aboard Petronass floater for the deep-water Rotan
field.
FLNG is a market with great potential, ABB process automation president, Peter Terwiesch, said at the time.
ABB had just won a $50 million job to
provide PLFNG 2s electrical systems.
Like other managers coming to grips to
FLNG, Terwiesch pointed to the Douglas-Westwood report that estimates the
FLNG market to be worth $64 billion
from now to 2020. The container-shiplike PLFLNG 2 is at 1.5 MMtpa of
LNG a smallish producer, but its yet
another win for scalability.

Spread-moored
While FLNG is eking out new business
for marine suppliers and liquefaction
outfits, its also inspiring them to new
business models. FPSO heavyweight
SBM Offshore, which designed the
mooring turret system for Prelude, has
built its own FLNG concept. Together
with German refrigeration expert Linde
Engineering, it now has a mid-scale
FLNG option called Twin Hull which
converts existing LNG tankers into
FLNG facilities. The company recently
finished the FEED for a Brazilian LNG
floater and together with Linde Engineering has designed a concept for Thai
PTTEP. In the future, SBM Offshore
will focus mainly on FLNG projects
where it can add most value by acting as
a main contractor, as it does successfully
for the FPSO market, the company says
in its earnings report, adding that medium-sized projects of up to 2 MMtpa
will be its focus.
Marine Links
Rolls-Royce, too, is entering the FLNG
fray. Itll deliver gas engines for onboard
9/3/2015 11:15:35 AM
Still topical
An LNG FPSO from
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MR #9 (34-41).indd 39
39
9/9/2015 12:12:35 PM
Load LNG hooks

up offshore to any
LNG carrier
Courtesy Sevan Marine
power aboard one of Golars Keppelbuilt FLNG vessels, or FLNGVs.

With energy consumption paramount
aboard an FLNG with extra compression, separation and refrigeration to service (plus ship and crew power needs)
the Rolls-Royce Bergen motors won
out for energy use described as low.
The Golar Hillis engines are due to be
fitted in 2015.
Its conversion into an FLNGV will be
finished by 2017, with the Gimi following. Golar says it will focus on lowcost, rapid deployment using its LNG
carriers.
Gas projects requiring minimal processing (dry, clean gas or associated gas
usually flared).
Floating infrastructure has and will
fundamentally alter LNG market dynamics, says Golar chief exec Doug
Arnell. He confirms Golar FLNGVs will
be used as early FPSOs were in the
doldrums of the world, or Located offshore in benign to moderate met-ocean
conditions. Golar FLNGVs will target
projects of up to 2.8 mtpa.
Support Vessels
Even the large, multiple-process proj-
40
MR #9 (34-41).indd 40
ects like Prelude and, perhaps, Browse,

are set to help niche suppliers find new
markets.
Perth-based KT Maritime Services
Australia cut steel at the end of 2014
for the first of three infield support vessels, or ISVs, to support Shells Prelude
FLNG project.
The vessels became business for Singapore yard ASL.
The award marked another joint venture of suppliers, with Shells blessing,
as a need for an ISV concept became
apparent with Prelude. KT, propulsion
expert Kotug International and Teekay
Shipping Australia formed the JV in
2012 with an eye to Prelude.
The three, planned Browse FLNGs
will, if they are built, also need ISVs to
service the FLNGVs LNG, LPG and
condensate equipment, while also training for responder and evacuation roles.
FLNG Project Pipeline
A number of FLNG FEEDs and preFEEDs since 2008 contemplate new
equipment designs, and a contest if
not a conflict is unfolding among liquefaction factions. This game already
bodes well for the supply chain.
Theres Cameroon LNG, where Golar

LNG Ltd. has since New Year 2015 been
partnered with Societe Nationale de Hydrocarbures and Perenco (of Cameroon)
to give the Golar Hilli to be re-named
GoFLNG new work exporting 500
billion cubic feet of gas from the offshore Kribi fields to world markets. For
eight years, Golar will earn a tariff on
the 1.2 MMtpa of LNG produced. Thats
smallish by LNG standards, but not for
FLNG or the Cameroonian economy.
The project will be the first floating
LNG export project in Africa and will
see Cameroon joining the small number of LNG exporting nations, a Golar
communiqu states.
Another FLNG first. As the northern
spring turned to summer, Rosneft, Russias third-largest gas producer, signed a
pact with Golar for two more tariff-earning FLNG projects for unnamed projects
in the oil companys Latin American
portfolio.
Air-conditioning
So far, a fairly long list of consortia
that include liquefaction contractors and
vessel owners have had success with a
tiny number of LNG processes.
Like the Kanfa Aragon dual nitrogen

expander process, the MODEC, Toyo
Engineering and Nippon Kaiji Kyokai
FLNG liquefaction solution LiBro (for
lithium bromide) is scalable and efficient in warm climes (doldrums). Unlike
plant that might use propane to cool gas
to LNG, LiBro uses the power plants
own exhaust to cool the cargo, a safe and
efficient variant sure be popular in the
worlds dangerous oil provinces. Applying nitrogen as a refrigerant is not new
for liquefaction technology.
What is using lithium bromide heat
absorption and chilled water to pre-cool
(condense away water) and cool (liquefaction) natural gas by first circulating
waste heat from turbine exhaust to cool
refrigerants.
It sounds brilliant.
As for reliability lithium bromide
absorption is the stuff of land-based airconditioning.
The companys involvement in Petronas PFLNG 2 and the consortium of
JGC Corp and Samsung is a sign this
compact solution has a future.
For now, Malaysians will marvel at
another FLNG first in PFLNG 1. Itll be
Asias first FLNG.
9/3/2015 11:18:37 AM
Easy loading
The Sevan FLNG
concept with HiLoad.
Courtesy Sevan Marine
Easy cool
Modecs liquefaction concept is
based on efficient
air-conditioning
Courtesy Modec
FLNGs Share
of 110 mtpa of LNG export capacity from 30 LNG
trains forecast to come online 2018
Carribbean FLNG
0.5 mpta
Q2 2015
PFLNG 1 Kanowit
1.2 mpta
Q1 2016
Prelude FLNG
3.6 mpta
Q1 2017
GoFLNG Hilli
JOIN THE NAVY

IN SWITCHING TO ON-BOARD
CHLORINE GENERATION
(1/3-built, delivery Feb.17)
On-board chlorine/mixed oxidant generation has proven so successful for the

GoFLNG Gimi
(newbuild deliver Q1 18)
US Navy that it retrofitted its entire fleet of aircraft carriers and amphibious ships to this cost-effective and high performance strategy for
P FLNG-2 Sabah
1.5 mpta
Q1 2018
disinfecting water on board marine vessels serving large populations.

To find out more, contact Adam Jones at ajones@howelllabs.com.
Howell Laboratories, Inc. Bridgton, Maine, USA

Source: WorldEnergyReports/Golar LNG
+1 (207) 647-3327 sales@howelllabs.com www.howelllabs.com
www.marinelink.com
MR #9 (34-41).indd 41
41
9/8/2015 10:28:07 AM
FPSO
Guide to Life
Extension
here are new-builds, and there are conversions. In lean

times, theres also life-extension for FPSOs increasingly seen as the best hope of developing oilfields too
pricy as platform projects. Life extension is about making
first-time money, cutting costs or continuing to earn when a
field or floater enters a new stage. Its also about safety. Life
extension involves major, multiyear considerations for operators and FPSO contractors, and for all approaches to longer
life, history is the great decider.
42
MR #9 (42-49).indd 42
Inspect, never expect, urges Ketil

Hox, Teekay Petrojarls FPSO startup manager for the North Sea. The
chemical engineer with two decades of
Kvaerner (Aker Solutions) process experience oversees production units as
they become producers. A major area of
concern for Hox is also safe late-life,
which in the language of the NORSOK,
the Norwegian contract standard, means
managing barriers to disaster. Good
safety strictures, good equipment, good
people and a sea-safe vessel are all barriers.
Backing up Hox is Shells Penguins
FPSO lead, Ali Anaturk, a respected
industry voice. He explains how safety
barriers might be compromised from the
get-go if start-up happens to involve a
late-life FPSO or someones field lifeextension project. Three decades of experience on four continents at Bonga,
the new-build FPSO Bonga South West,
Penguins and others has taught him
that danger lurks in all life-extension
propositions. Hes put that experience
into print, writing voluminously about
FPSO design, hydrodynamics and offshore structures. When he speaks, slowly
at first and under intense nearby lighting,
its about the unnerving evidence hes
seen from the burdensome legal standpoint of an operator examining a lifeextension candidate.
With the average life of the world
FPSO fleet between 15 and 20 years,
Some are fast approaching their design life, Anaturk says. Of the 164 FP-
9/3/2015 11:24:36 AM
Under the weather

Process kit aboard
the Norne FPSO
Photo: Harald Pettersen Statoil ASA
SOs in the world as of January 2015, he

says most are owner-operated, custombuilt is the tendency for large volumes,
(while) leased, life-extended, deep-water and getting old are also the trend.
Classification societies require appearances in dry dock for some, but ad-hoc
solutions are being found for others that
might be permanently moored or tethered and or even looked at for the first
time as docks by some, as in discussions in Indonesia, according to a source.
Moreover, class only provides guidance
for the hull, not topsides, and class rules
and shipbuilding norms have guided
FPSO design, just as uncertainty on rules
and late-life standards begin to arise. He
says that reliance on class early on might
in late-life be providing a false sense of
security. Though FPSOs might be aging,

there jacketed cousins the oil platforms
are older. Its a nice point of sales for the
vessels option. Anaturk says theres a
similar number of shallow-water FPSOs
in service now as there were when the
oil price last was at todays levels, back
in 2005. Most new FPSOs have been
deep-water-only, yet they, too, are
only as ubiquitous as they were in 2005.
So theres been some FPSO attrition.
Of the world numbers, no disconnectable FPSOs is over 20, and thats a good
thing, since they could take six months
to two years to disconnect and overhaul
for a new project. Disconnectible vessels are dry docked at five years, so these
vessels alone are todays life-extension
and modifications market.
Seaborne Norne
That life-extension market is divided
by philosophies on savings and value
over the question of whether to repair,
modify and overhaul in dry dock or at
sea. The latter is a Norwegian favorite,
it turns out.
Stately Norwegian operator Statoil announced this winter that the worlds most
northerly placed ship-shaped production
vessel, the Norne FPSO in the Norwegian Sea, could live another 15 years
on hull life-extension work and process
modifications for increased oil recovery
amid the varying, high-pressure, hightemperature and hydrate-prone well
stream of local hydrocarbon finds.
The Norne FPSO was to shut down this
year but after an excellent 18-year data
collection program, studies at Polarkonsult in Harstad, northwest Norway, and

at Aker Solutions carried out at sea show
the hull can still stand up to punishing
waves as high as 10 meters until 2036.
The studies conclude by showing the
hull structure is robust and that the great
likelihood is that the lifetime can be extended, says Statoil Norne boss Kristin
Westvik.
We can do the necessary modifications without taking the production ship
to land for a long period. The vessel
serves an astonishing 15 subsea templates.
Asset Integrity
Studies are part of life-extension and
not unique to the North Sea area. Most
www.marinelink.com
MR #9 (42-49).indd 43
43
9/4/2015 11:02:33 AM
Safe stroll
Crew aboard the
Maersk Peregrino
FPSO off Brazil.
Photo: Oeyvind Hagen Statoil
FPSO contractors agree years of cataloging maintenance helps decide whether life-extension is possible.
A cursory look just wont do, regardless of where in
the world the vessel might be from.
The North Sea have their share of marine fatigue
issues, too, Anaturk says, pointing to a long list of
possible stoppers to life-extension. In his A-to-Z of
dangers, anodes attached to hinder corrosion can be
lost when a newly refurbished FSPO or candidate is
towed to location. The resulting rust leads to eventual
structural failure. Coatings failures at riser supports
are now believed to be more common than thought,
and failure where phase-carrying riser is festooned to
a hull can be catastrophic. Corrosion at coating gaps
in general can affect large areas that then become
the first to go. Anodes are not good enough when
coatings fail, Anaturk says, adding, The areas can
be quite large. Fatigue cracks are common in all shipshaped hulls save, perhaps, the Sevan-designed cylindrical FPSOs and are caused by the endless flexing
of a long structure atop the waves. Uncertainties in
fatigue, Anaturk calls it, a nod to his buyer side need
for certainty.
Green and white water on deck due to storms creates structural erosion and impact damage, and so the
trend is to install custom bulwarks to bows and decks.
Sea chests housing moving parts and tools are prone
to water leaks: firewater systems are housed in these
enclosures at the stern, and Anaturk advises they be
avoided in vessel designs, since its not double hull in
these equipment holds, and they cause uncontrolled
weight increases when they fill with water.
Other marine-only issues facing operators and contractors considering life-extension projects include
marine life in ballast tanks and on external caissons.
Class approves hull, but not topsides or mooring or
44
MR #9 (42-49).indd 44
9/3/2015 11:29:09 AM
FPSO First
Modec converted the
Whakaaropai in 1996
Photo: Modec
risers in production. This class insufficiency might be behind the Norne decision to study, inspect and overhaul at
sea despite the omnipresence of class in
Norway.
Atypical for class are issues like external riser damage and corrosion in
mooring suction piles. Anchor cracks
Theyre not really inspected for
fatigue, says Anaturk. His other lifeextension pointers include making sure
offloading buoys get modern floating
hoses. Its the most vulnerable part of
the FPSO, he says, and its highest on
his chart of costly consequences. Topsides and hull corrosion, too, come in at
the top of the dangerous items list. Finally, he recommends decoupling schedules
for flow lines and FPSO start-up or first
oil might have to wait several months,
as is understood to have happened at
Bonga.
Repair or Replace
Top of the expensive list of fixable
items are the rotating equipment pressure declines that often seen just as
life-extension is being contemplated.
Cavitation, which is damage caused by
the formation and implosion of vapor in
pump systems, can also cause disruption.
David Arnold of Weir Services has been
called in at times to repair or remove a
turbine rotor only to find that the turbine
blades alone were damaged, a specialty
repair for Weir crews. His workshops
ID the material or part both of which
might no longer be in production then
reverse engineer using the scanned data
of a laser pen scanner. For owners or
contractors facing turbine problems in
power, injectors, compressors or pumps,
speedy repair could in itself mean a life
extended. He warns that the savings
that might be found in repairs alone for

life-extension shouldnt be the only parameters used. If you change service
provider on cost alone youll be taking a
great chance, says Arnold.
Optimum Life
Marco Beenen, Senior Vice President
for BW Offshores West Africa Fleet, is a
proponent of life-extension taken to sea.
Most units have significant remaining
technical life, says Beenen, a veteran
of four FPSO life-extensions: Petrolea
Nautipa, now 14 years beyond contract;
Espoir Ivoirien (14 years); Sendje Berge
(seven years) and the Abo (13 years).
FPSO replacement is rarely a viable option for the client, says Beenen,
pointing to a BW record he says speaks
of extra contract value. You can come
up with your own numbers, but the BW
view is that life-extension can reach 20
to 30 years, he says, adding that some
have been BW Offshore signature
modifications that last two to five years,
as on some models afloat in the Gulf of
Mexico, Brazil, the North Sea, New Zealand and West Africa.
Beenen reveals the company bought
several 1970s (single-hull) tankers and
converted them into FPSOs with smaller,
isolated total holds to measure up to todays double hull safety.
Tankers built in 76 are actually in
fantastic condition. They show signs of
having been built better than some modern tankers, he says.
Beenen says, in-situ modifications are
often the best choice for the client, and
he points to one West African example
where life-extension was made possible
by life-saving repairs. A metal-eating
bacteria peculiar to Africa had infected
a bulkhead in the Berge Helena and had
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MR #9 (42-49).indd 45
45
9/4/2015 11:03:23 AM
O FFS H O R E E N E RGY
Maersk Peregrino FPSO
off Brazil.
Majestic
The FPSO
Fluminense
(2003)
Photo: Oeyvind
Hagen Statoil
Photo: Sembcorp
Tall ship
Norne will be
life-extended
Photo: Anne-Mette
Fjrli, Statoil
First Oil 2007:

The Modec-maintained Stybarrow
Venture MV16
Photo: Modec
eaten away steel plating. For a cost of

$500 million, 300 tons of replacement
steel was ordered to rebuild the weakened hull, and lightly damaged areas
were sandblasted. Though performed
at sea, the Berge Helena life-extension
showed the merit of BWs approach of
continuing production while a project
team is assembled to head offshore. At
this stage, (the life extension) becomes a
project, and in the ensuing repairs and
modifications, existing vessel and production crews stay clear and perform no
extra duties. Despite the apparent production win-fall of this type of life-extending operation, it has its critics, with
some advocating staying in the yard for
life-extension modifications, or where
the competence is, in case something
goes wrong. Beenen disagrees: This is
offshore construction work. The execution is different (than in operations). It
46
MR #9 (42-49).indd 46
could involve six months of prepping

and front-loading. After that, its a project and not part of the fleet.
For the Sendje Berge, one of BW Offshores five life-extended vessels, a renewal survey in 2009 paved the way for
a four-year extension. In the extra time,
it produced 100 million barrels, so it was
expensive to stop for access to tanks and
for new four-person cabins, HVAC, new
lifeboats, sewage, galley, a refurbished
main boiler, a new emergency generator and central production controls. The
Sendje Berge offshore project schedule
continued offloading for eight days,
while BWs client tied in new wells
(RW).
Data Collection
While work done at the yard can be
$100 million to $200 million (much of
it project management and parts), three
to four years of repairs can bring six to

10 years more production.
Although, the benefits for the operator
might be felt five-years on, Too often
one-year options are awarded in succession (instead), he says. This limits lifeextension potential and business value,
when assets appreciate due to work done.
With most FPSOs at 90 percent of their
design or field life, candidates for lifeextension are growing, as new oilfield
value is pinned to modifications for new
well stream, new production phases, new
tie-ins, tail-end production or increased
oil recovery (IRO, Norne).
If project specs can be made to mate
with the average FPSO, if asset-integrity
regimes can be made to start with a database of vessel history (including incident reports and breakdowns) then safe
life-extension can be made safe late-life
and commissioning of the type Mr. Hox
overseas in the North Sea.

Its all data-gathering. Its the basis
of life-extension, says Anaturk, and
Beenan agrees. While the consensus
among these men is that FPSOs in 2015,
2016 will mostly be leased due to reduced CAPEX for operators, it is easy to
see life-extension gaining in popularity.
The price of very large crude carriers,
or VLCCs, is sky-rocketing and topsides average 30,000 tons. Then theres
the preponderance of deep-water-only
new FPSOs whose numbers havent
grown. Openings exist for more deepwater work and for life-extension in
the worlds more marginal mid-water
oilfields. For signs of strength, Anaturk
points to the strong lease market for lowvolume vessels.
(The FPSO market) will survive, he
says, adding, Sorry. Im not that pessimistic, really.
9/3/2015 11:33:37 AM
COV2, C3 &C4 MR Feb 2015.indd 2
2/9/2015 4:16:51 PM
Offshore Inland
Longer Docks; Deeper Water in Pensacola
ith Offshore Inland Marine & Oilfield Services Inc

(OIMO), a leader in topside
and riding crew repair services, experiencing strong growth before the drilling
market softened, the company knew its
days in Mobile, Ala., were numbered, as
it had outgrown its five acre facility and
fabrication shop. But it didnt have to go
far, earlier this year moving 60 miles east
to Pensacola, FL, finding the backing of
a strong maritime community with a
wealth of technical talent, not to mention
vastly improved facilities.
Offshore Inland made the strategic decision at the end of 2014 and into the beginning of 2015 to transition it corporate
office to Pensacola, where the improved
fabrication shops, deep water vessel access and the required property allowed it
to take on larger projects than it could in
Mobile.
Offshore Inlands shipyard in Pensacola is located within the Port of Pensacola affording it the opportunity to berth
vessels alongside its five deep water
berths. All bulkheads are concrete and
48
MR #9 (42-49).indd 48
the berths combined give the company

more than 2500 linear feet of dock space
coupled with more than 33 ft. of water
depth, with adequate cranes to perform a
multitude of lifts for quick mobilizations
and demobilizations.
While the offshore market has taken a
significant hit in tandem with the move,
OIMO sees a bright future in its new facilities. It goes without saying, it has
been a challenging time for all of us,
but we have worked very hard to ensure
that we were as prepared as possible for
the downturn and remain dynamic to the
ever changing market, said Nick Fuller,
Director of Business Development.
The market for the last 12 months has
been turbulent for many companies,
competitors and clients alike. The beginning of the year remained steady for
Offshore Inland with a backlog of projects.
The remainder of the year has been
much more challenging with client budgets and drilling activities slowing in the
GoM. However, OIMO reports that it
has remained fiscally strong and a pre-
ferred supplier to its clients. We were

very proactive to be the business partner
our clients expect us to be and offered
them unsolicited commercial solutions
to ease their challenges as well, said
Fuller. We have been successful in providing a quality service that has made us
a preferred supplier to our clients which
has afforded us an opportunity to continue to providing our services during this
prolonged downturn.
The Coming Year
Offshore Inland positioned itself within the markets that it serves to be the
go-to repair company for marine vessels
and offshore contractors, making investments in management and personnel, facilities and equipment to make strides in
efficiencies, deliverables, client communication, safety and quality. That said, in
a down market it has its new facility and
a lot of property that needs to be active
with vessels undergoing repairs, conversions, upgrades, mobilizations and fabrication.
With the downturn in the drilling mar-
ket, Offshore Inland has focused on its

existing clients and taken the necessary
steps to reach into markets that we have
been limited in by our capacities in our
previous locations. For example, it has
registered success with its subsea clients
for subsea fabrication, staging and mobilizations.
While the direction and speed of recovery of the drilling market is anyones
guess, OIMO continues to see its clients
engaged for operational work that needs
to be completed as well as upgrades
and maintenance. Often with challenge
comes opportunity, and OIMO is banking on its improved position to pay off
handsomely when the market inevitably
rebounds.
Offshore Inland will continue to grow
its subsea fabrication, rig/ship repair &
maintenance, general fabrication, and
mobilization businesses by providing
our clients with high quality, timely, and
competitive solutions.
Although we all face a challenging
market situation in both the offshore and
marine sectors, we plan to capitalize on
9/3/2015 11:36:29 AM
our recent successes with key customers while exploring new markets and
opportunities, said Jack Berglund, Senior Vice President, Commercial.
Recent Jobs
Offshore Inland has completed an array of projects over the last 12 months,
including this one which effectively
illustrate the companys capabilities.
Offshore Inland was awarded and
completed an extensive topside maintenance period for one clients at its
Pensacola facility, and time was off the
essence.
At the kick-off meeting key milestones and schedules were set, and
among the tasks:
Modification and fabrication of

Flag sheave, which included reinforcement requirements, grating
removed for piping installation
and re-install of grating;
Mooring Interference modifications; all sheaves were relocated
by removing the sheave from the
mounting assemblies, demolishing
of the existing bases, fabrication
of new re-enforced bases, and reinstall of the sheaves;
Fuel meter installations;
Chain Locker modifications,
which required enlarging both the
Port and Starboard chain lockers,
abrasively blasted and primed with
zinc rich primer, and finally installation; Additional requirements for
completion were: removed and
refit anchors and chains, relocated
electrical cables, fluorescent lights
and J-Boxes, relocation of bitter
end connections and manholes
for the chain lockers. OIMO demucked chain and mud box prior
to installation. Stinger Vacuum
hose and electrical replacement;
Stinger roller box removal and
replacement of Stinger roll boxes to include replacement of the
electronic load pins. NDE was
performed on all load pin keepers once load cells were removed.
OIMO also performed Eddy Current testing on all critically fatigued areas;
Roller design change and machining;
Gas Detection equipment electrical assistance for the installation of their gas detection system;
Boom Stop repairs, OIMO replaced damaged steel by use of
scaffolding during a very small
window of crane availability.
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MR #9 (42-49).indd 49
49
9/3/2015 11:38:16 AM
(Photo: ASTICAN)
C O UN T RY R E PORT: SPA IN
The Spanish Maritime Heritage

By Joseph R. Fonseca
50
MR #9 (50-57).indd 50
lates the system having considerable operational autonomy.

No one port stands out above the others as Spains great port. Only in terms
of Free Zone storage can any one be
considered to have a major share of business.
Ports are, more than ever before, seen
as operational centers capable of generating technological exchange and fostering new industrial localization and extensive development potential.
Shipping & Fishing

Shipping in Spain is hassle free as
the country is well-connected by road,
rail and air besides the vast waterways.
Spain has the advantage of its geographically strategic location that links
it very convenient to other countries of
the world especially those in Africa and
Europe. A highly vibrant ferry service is
functional connecting the various ports
of the country as well as ports of other
countries. Because of its very dynamic
Photo: Zamakona Yards Group
ith a coastline of 4,964

km and a vast majority of
the countrys population
living along the coast,
Spains economy has a direct bearing
on its ocean related activities. The importance of sun and sand tourism, of the
energy sector for which oil and gas are
supplied by sea and the ever-increasing
role of sea trade are the key economic
factors.
Being largely surrounded by water,
Spain is heavily dependent on maritime
transport and international trade as was
evidenced in the middle ages when the
closure of Constantinople by the Ottoman Turks led to voyages of discovery
for new sea routes for trade.
Today, more than four-fifths of the
imports and not less than two-thirds of
exports pass through its ports. Spain is
regarded as a large merchant marine, as
well as one of the worlds most important fishing fleets.
General traffic is very heavily concentrated in relatively few of Spains many
ports, most notably in Algeciras (province of Cdiz), Barcelona, Bilbao, Las
Palmas, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Tarragona, and Valencia. Most of the fishing
fleet is concentrated mainly in Galicia
and the Basque Country.
Currently, the network of primary
ports in Spain is state-run, managed by a
public body which coordinates and regu-
The shipyard in Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Repnaval. SA, belonging to the
group Zamakona Yards in the Canary Islands, is operating a new slipway. The
slipway will double the existing capacity is it can accommodate vessels up to 120
x 20 m beam and 5,500 tons.
coastline with a number of highly proactive ports, shipping in Spain has now
made relocation easy.
More than 145 Spanish shipping companies operate from Spain mostly from
Canary Island, Madrid, Barcelona, Vigo,
Bilbao, Cadiz, Valencia, Corunna Gijon
and Algeciras. (The Compaa Transatlntica Espaola is known as one of the
first giant shipping companies that was
established 1849.)
The Spanish fishing fleet is made up
of almost 14,400 vessels. It is one of the
biggest in the European Union in terms
of tonnage. Half the fleet, both in terms
of numbers of vessels and tonnage is registered in Galician ports. Around 1,100
vessels are registered in the Canary Islands.
Spains long, narrow continental shelf
is rich in fisheries resources. Spains
jurisdictional waters viz. the countrys
Economic Exclusion Zone, are its National Fishing Grounds. The bulk of the
Spanish fleet fishes in four fishing zones:
the Cantabrian Sea-Northwest, Gulf of
Cadiz, the Canary Islands and the Mediterranean.
Despite the rich fishing waters - according to the FAO, Spain is Europes
second biggest consumer of fish products (40.5 kilos per person / year, behind
Portugals 59.8 kilos) and the worlds
third biggest importer behind Japan and
the United States. It has become clear
9/8/2015 9:20:26 AM
Spain Facts
Population:
48,146,134
(July 2015 est./29th in the World)
Coastline:
4,964 km
Waterways:
1,000 km
Maritime Claims
Territorial sea:
12 nm
Contiguous zone:
24 nm
Exclusive economic zone:
200 nm
(applies only to the Atlantic Ocean)
Area:
Total:
505,370 sq km
Land:
498,980 sq km
Water:
6,390 sq km
Note: there are two autonomous cities Ceuta and Melilla - and 17 autonomous
communities including Balearic Islands
and Canary Islands, and three small
Spanish possessions off the coast of
Morocco - Islas Chafarinas, Penon de
Alhucemas, and Penon de Velez de la
Gomera
Merchant Marine
Total:
132
By type: bulk carrier 7, cargo 19, chemical tanker 8, container 5, liquefied gas
12, passenger/cargo 43, petroleum
tanker 18, refrigerated cargo 4, roll on/
roll off 9, vehicle carrier 7
Foreign-owned: 27 (Canada 4, Germany 4, Italy 1, Mexico 1, Norway 10, Russia 6, Switzerland 1)
Registered in other countries: 103 (Angola 1, Argentina 3, Bahamas 6, Brazil
12, Cabo Verde 1, Cyprus 6, Ireland 1,
Malta 8, Morocco 9, Panama 30, Peru
1, Portugal 18, Uruguay 5, Venezuela 1,
unknown 1) (2010)
Ports & Terminals
Major seaport(s): Algeciras, Barcelona,
Bilbao, Cartagena, Huelva, Tarragona,
Valencia (all in Spain); Las Palmas,
Santa Cruz de Tenerife (in the Canary
Islands)
Container port(s) (TEUs): Algeciras
(3,608,301), Barcelona (2,033,747),
Valencia (4,327,371); Las Palmas
(1,287,389)
LNG terminal(s) (import): Barcelona,
Bilbao, Cartagena, Huelva, Mugardos,
Sagunto
Source: The World Factbook
2013-14. Washington, DC:
Central Intelligence Agency, 2013
Did you know?

The red and yellow colors are related to those of the oldest
Spanish kingdoms: Aragon, Castile, Leon, and Navarre.
over the years that production in national fishing grounds
was insufficient and fisheries have therefore been developed beyond Spains territorial waters and in more distant parts.
Ship Building
Even as commercial shipbuilding is now firmly dominated by Asia, the Spanish shipbuilding sector is a leader
in design and construction (see the August 2015 cover
story of Maritime Reporter & Engineering News on Astican & Astander shipyards). The industry has invested
260 million in R&D activities, which represents 10%
of its total annual revenue. There are 24 new construction facilities and 11 repair and transformation facilities
in Spain, which directly employ nearly 8,000 people. Indirect jobs generated by the sector employ in excess of
38,000 persons, meaning, there are five people working
for every one person employed by a shipyard. The repair
shipyards have attracted new cruise, passenger, ferry and
gas shipping clients, while maintaining their traditional
specialization in large fishing, oceanographic, research
and military vessels. In 2010, sales in this subsector
stood at 250 million.
Earlier in 2003, Spanish shipbuilding held the fourth
position in the EU in terms of new builds completed.
Spanish shipyards specialize in large fishing and factory
vessels and research vessels, delivering advanced and
specialized ships with a high value added components,
as well as some of the most accomplished ship repair and
conversion facilities in the world.
Potential for Development
The mild climate during the whole year and the extensive sandy beaches of the Mediterranean and Atlantic
Ocean, as well as of its two archipelagoes (the Balearic
Islands and the Canary Islands respectively), have been
attracting tourists from Northern Europe for decades.
Plans are underway to invest heavily in this sector in order to take advantage of the tourist boom which saw 60.6
million tourists from overseas in 2013.
As a result of its large coast line another sector that is
fast catching up is wind energy production. Spain is the
worlds second largest producer of wind power (11,600
MW), 5.5 % of the Spanish electricity consumption in
2004 came from wind energy. For example, in Tarifa
(Andalusia) over 5,000 wind turbines have been installed
within 10 km of the coastline. The Spanish government
has recently adopted measures to speed up and promote
the installation of offshore wind farms, to harness the potential Spanish coast offers.
Yachting marinas too have proliferated along the Spanish coast. The growing demand for berths and moorings
has led to a major increase in the number of marinas
along several parts of the coastline. Spains marinas boast
a high occupancy rate (more than 80%) and they make a
significant contribution to the economies of coastal communities, providing 3,124 direct jobs and 23,409 indirect
ones.
www.marinelink.com
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9/8/2015 9:21:04 AM
(Photo: iStock)
C O U N T RY R E P O RT: P O RT U G A L
Portugal
Searching for Lost

Maritime Glory
By Joseph R. Fonseca
lthough a small nation on

the Atlantic shores, Portugal in the 16th century was
credited with discovering
most of the New World previously
unknown to Europe. In the process it
became the richest nation in the West.
The names of Bartolomeu Dias (Africa),
Vasco da Gama (India) and Ferno de
Magalhes Magellan, who led the first
circumnavigation of the globe but was
killed in the attempt echo down the
centuries.
Over the years the country underwent
a transformation and saw the hard won
glory fade. In fact until 1974, strong
public protection dominated the national
shipping sector, especially regarding
merchant shipping to Portugals overseas territories. In that period, shipping
policy was regarded as an instrument of
integration for the colonies and therefore
52
MR #9 (50-57).indd 52
the Portuguese fleet received large subsidies. In the second phase, when Portugal
lost most of its overseas territories, as a
consequence it also lost most of the merchant shipping trade with those territories. This had a direct negative impact on
merchant shipping.
Today, the country is caught up in the
turmoil of an apparently interminable
Eurozone crisis. The government is taking initiatives to revive the countrys marine industries or create new ones in
a bid to recover its lost glory. Already,
in the port sector things are looking up.
The reform and modernization schemes
of the recent past have had a positive impact on Portugals ports. The combined
cargo handled at the countrys ports has
shot up to 83 million tons in 2014, from
just 61 million tons that was handled in
2009. More is expected. Both Leixes
(Porto), Lisbon and Sines are in the pro-
cess of expanding their existing container terminals and overall port capacity. In
these ports new greenfield terminals are
also being developed.
New cruise terminals have also been
developed for Leixes (Porto), Lisbon
(Santo Apolnia), the Algarve (Portimo), the Azores (Ponta Delgada) and
Madeira (Funchal). The country is also
investing in a string of new marinas.
Shipping Registry
Portugal has two Ship registers for
vessels entitled to fly the Portuguese flag
and under the same Maritime Administration viz. the Conventional register
and the International register. The Conventional one is the traditional Portuguese register of ships. It is carried out
by maritime authorities offices (Capitanias or Delegaes Martimas) existing
in each port in Portugal. Ships and own-
ers in this register comply with all the

Portuguese applicable legislations. The
other known as the International Shipping Registry of Madeira (MAR) was
created to reduce the countrys flagging
out process as well as to attract new
ship owners and vessels. The advantage
being that this register offers a favorable
tax regime, applicable to both vessels
and shipping companies licensed within
the legal framework of the International
Business Centre of Madeira. Ships are
registered by the MAR Technical Commission (CT-MAR), with an office at
Funchal, Madeira Island, and their home
port is Madeira. However, from the
technical point of view ships registered
at MAR are subject to the same maritime legislation as the ships of the conventional register. Last year by the end
of September MAR became the fourth
largest international shipping register of
9/8/2015 9:21:41 AM
Portugal Facts
Following its heyday as a global maritime power during the 15th and 16th
centuries, Portugal lost much of its
wealth and status with the destruction
of Lisbon in a 1755 earthquake, occupation during the Napoleonic Wars, and
the independence of Brazil, its wealthiest colony, in 1822. A 1910 revolution
deposed the monarchy; for most of
the next six decades, repressive governments ran the country. In 1974, a
left-wing military coup installed broad
democratic reforms. The following year,
Portugal granted independence to all of
its African colonies. Portugal is a founding member of NATO and entered the
EC (now the EU) in 1986.
Population: 10,825,309
(July 2015 est./80th in the World)
Area:
Total: 92,090 sq km
Land: 91,470 sq km
Water: 620 sq km
Note: includes Azores and
Madeira Islands
Coastline: 1,793 km
Waterways: 210 km (on Douro River
from Porto)
Maritime Claims
territorial sea: 12 nm
contiguous zone: 24 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
continental shelf: 200-m depth or to
the depth of exploitation
Merchant Marine
Total: 109
By type: bulk carrier 8, cargo 35, carrier 1, chemical tanker 21, container 7,
liquefied gas 6, passenger 13, passenger/cargo 5, petroleum tanker 3, roll
on/roll off 1, vehicle carrier 9
Foreign-owned: 81 (Belgium 8, Colombia 1, Denmark 4, Germany 14, Greece
2, Italy 12, Japan 9, Mexico 1, Norway
2, Spain 18, Sweden 3, Switzerland 3,
US 4)
Registered in other countries: 15 (Cyprus 2, Malta 3, Panama 10)
Ports & Terminals
Major seaport(s): Leixoes, Lisbon, Setubal, Sines
LNG terminal (import): Sines
Source: The World Factbook

2013-14. Washington, DC:
Central Intelligence Agency, 2013
the European Union, reaching the largest

number of vessels since its creation, with
a total of 316 vessels registered in MAR,
53 more than the total number registered
at the end of 2013. A significant achievement was the decrease of the average age
of the commercial vessels registered in
MAR from 15.5 years at the end of 2013
to 12.5 years in late September.
Ship Building
Despite the growth in shipping tonnage, the shipbuilding industry is limited
in size. The world share of the Portuguese shipbuilding industry was only
0.002% in 2012 in terms of completion
(measured in GT). Portugal has around
five major shipyards and around 200 ship
repair companies, some of which are
very small facilities, with minimal activity. The biggest shipbuilder engaged in
newbuilding is Estaleiros Navais de Viana do Castelo, S.A. (ENVC), which is
currently owned by Empresa Portuguesa
de Defesa SGPS S.A. (EMPORDEF), a
public holding, held 100% by the Portuguese government. The other companies
also construct small ships (below 100
GT) such as passenger ships and fishing vessels, and some also work in the
sector of manufacturing offshore equipment. Lisnave is dedicated exclusively
to ship maintenance. The situation has
been weakened by an inadequate research and development (R&D) base.
Employment in the shipbuilding and
maintenance / repair industry as a whole
has been decreasing. Where the number
of workers involved was around 10,000
in the late 1990s, this number has fallen
to about 6,000 in 2006 which number
further dropped to about 3,800 in 2013.
Since 2010, only one or two vessels have
been constructed per year and published
statistics suggest that no new orders for
vessels over 100 GT have been received
since at least 2009 (although the Portuguese government highlighted that orders were received in 2009, 2010 and
2011 by two shipyards, for asphalt carriers, ferries and hotel river ships). The
Portuguese government offers no specific direct or indirect support measures
to the shipbuilding and maintenance /
repair industry, although firms have access to general programs of export credit
guarantees and insurance, plus loans and
loan guarantees to small and mediumsized enterprises.
compliance with relevant international

conventions, codes, etc. Portugal is also
home to the European Maritime Safety
Agency (EMSA), which provides technical assistance and support to the European Commission and member states in
developing and implementing European
Union legislation on maritime safety,
ship pollution and maritime security.
Portugal consumes about 600,000 tons
of fish a year, twice as much as it produces, and is the worlds third highest fish
consumer per capita after Iceland and Japan. Yet the fisheries industry is hardly
growing with only 74 vessels of up to 80
meters in length.
Oil & gas
Though relatively modest offshore exploration is taking place, Portugal has
good potential to become an oil & gas
storage, shipping and services platform.
The country is well situated between

several markets in Europe, Africa and
the Americas.
There are also excellent bunkering
facilities. One major strength Portugal
banks on is the coastal tourism sector
which has a good infrastructure base, including a large number of hotels and restaurants. Portugal is also widely known
as a sun and beach destination. The
highest concentration of tourism comes
in the period from May to October and
in specific regions such as the Algarve,
Setbal, Lisbon, Peniche (Berlenga), the
Azores and Madeira. The reason behind
the gradual development of the tourism
sector in Portugal is mainly: the increasing number of European citizens travelling abroad for their holidays; the length
of the countrys coastline; and the good
weather conditions of the country.
Classification Society
Portugal has a classification society,
Registro Internacional Naval, SA (RINAVE), established in 1973. RINAVE is
authorized to conduct surveys and issue
certificates in order to verify a vessels
www.marinelink.com
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9/8/2015 9:22:29 AM
VESSELS
John F. Kennedy (CVN 79)
Image: Ardmore Shipping
(Photo by Chris Oxley/HII)
49,999 DWT IMO 3 product and chemical tanker
LCS 6
Dredger for Congo Hydro-Dam
Austal delivered
USS Jackson (LCS
6), the first built
by the yard as the
prime contractor
Photo: Austal
Photo: IDRECO
1 Keel Laid for US Next Aircraft Carrier

Leon Walston, a Newport News Shipbuilding welder from Massachusetts, displays the
welded initials of Caroline Kennedy, the sponsor of the aircraft carrier John F. Kennedy
(CVN 79). Also pictured (left to right) are Rear Adm. Earl Yates, the first commanding
officer of the aircraft carrier USS John F. Kennedy (CV 67); Newport News Shipbuilding
President Matt Mulherin; Virginia Gov. Terry McAuliffe; and Rep. Joseph Kennedy.
3 Idreco Delivers Dredger for Congo Hydro-Dam

Idreco (International Dredger Constructions) of the Netherlands has designed, built and
installed its second dredger, an ISD-600 with a digging depth of 30m, at the Inga Dam
in The Democratic Republic of Congo. The dredge has a mixture production and solids
production of approximately of 5,000 cu. m. /hr. and 1,500 cu. m. /hr. using an Idreco
designed IDP 600 pump.
2 Another Newbuild Tanker Joins Ardmore Fleet

Ardmore Shipping Corporations latest newbuild vessel, Ardmore Seawolf, was delivered
by SPP Shipbuilding from the Sacheon shipyard in Korea on August 13, 2015. The addition
of the 49,999 DWT IMO 3 product and chemical tanker increases the number of Ardmore
vessels on the water to 22, joining sister ships, Ardmore Sealion and Ardmore Seafox.
Technical management of the Ardmore Seawolf will be provided by Univan.
4 Austal-built LCS Delivered

Austal delivered the third littoral combat ship (LCS) [USS Jackson (LCS 6)] built at its Mobile, Ala. shipyard to the U.S. Navy on August 11. This milestone marks the first LCS ship
built by Austal as the prime contractor as part of a 10-ship, $3.5 billion block-buy contract.
After the delivery of Jackson, six Independence-variant LCS remain under construction at
Austals Alabama shipyard. Montgomery (LCS 8) is being prepared for trials later this year.
54
MR #9 (50-57).indd 54
9/8/2015 9:22:46 AM
Image: Ardmore Shipping
New OSV Concept
Dedicated ship design office HEAVYLIFT@SEA has partnered with service provider to the offshore industry
SeaRenergy a new 72-m vessel targets
both efficiency and comfort, developed
with a focus on minimizing losses during operation but still with a cost efficient propulsion arrangement with low
fuel consumption and maintenance cost.
The vessel is designed to reduce motion

and increase comfort for technicians in
order to mitigate risk of sea sickness
and weather downtime, especially in the
harsh conditions of the North Sea. It accommodates up to 60 persons in single
cabins, embedded in a true passenger
ship class vessel including two day
rooms, auditorium and a fitness room.
Wind Farm Vessels
The configuration enables an efficient

flow of people and spare parts around the
vessel. The motion compensated gangway, which is accessible directly from
the elevator grants direct access to wind
turbines and offshore platforms in significant wave heights of up to 2.5 meters,
arranged for workability at water levels
of +/- 4.0 m around MSL. With the cargo
transfer system, a barrier-free handling

of spare parts and components of is possible up to 300 kg without using a crane.
The vessel is equipped with a daughter
craft in its own hangar at the stern to be
used as a second means for access to the
boat landing of offshore structures. The
hangar increases the safety of operation,
especially in rough weather conditions.
$UH6WUD\(OHFWULFDO&XUUHQWV
'HVWUR\LQJ<RXU0DFKLQHU\"
Sohre SHAFT GROUNDING (EARTHING) BRUSHES are used on propeller
shafts, turbines, generators, electric motors, gears, pumps, etc. Failure to
properly ground (earth) rotating shafts can result in expensive damage to
seals, bearings, or other critical components.
6HOI&OHDQLQJ
2SHUDWHGU\RUZLWKRLO
Photo: Atlantic Wind Transfers
*ROGVLOYHUEULVWOHV
Atlantic Wind Transfers, the commercial wind support services arm of

Rhode Island Fast Ferry, joined Blount
Boats and offshore wind developer
Deepwater Wind for an official Ribbon
Cutting ceremony to mark the start of
construction on the first offshore wind
farm crew transfer vessel in the U.S.
With the first two jacket foundations

for the Block Island project already in
the water and on site, preparations for
the construction phase of the first U.S.
offshore wind farm are well underway.
According to a Navigant report, the
U.S. offshore wind industry could be
worth up to $2.2 billion by 2020.
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during operation
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insulated from casing
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2013 Sohre Turbomachinery, Inc.
SOHRE TURBOMACHINERY INC.

0RQVRQ0DVV86$7HO
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www.marinelink.com
MR #9 (50-57).indd 55
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9/8/2015 9:23:26 AM
VESSELS
Late last month TOTE and NASSCO

launched Perla del Caribe, the second
of two Marlin Class ships, the first containerships in the world to be powered by
natural gas. These ships have received no
lack of coverage in trade and consumer
press globally, and for good reason. The
764-ft. Perla del Caribe and sister ship
Isla Bella, are Jones Act vessels built for
the Puerto Rican trade for TOTE Shipholdings, to be operated by TOTE subsidiary Sea Star Line out of Jacksonville,
Fla.
According to NASSCO, the vessels
green ship technology, designed by
NASSCO and its partners, will decrease
emissions while increasing fuel efficiency when compared to conventionallypowered ships. By moving to natural gas,
the ships will reduce NOx emissions by
98 percent, SOx by 97 percent, carbon dioxide by 72 and particulate matter by 60
percent over the Ponce Class ships, the
companys vessels currently serving the
trade, TOTE said.
The ability to innovate and lead in the
maritime sector is something that comes
along once in a lifetime, said Tim Nolan,
President of Sea Star Line. These ships
and the technology they employ will redefine what is possible in the shipping industry both here in the United States and
abroad.
Ordered in December 2012 as part of
a two-ship contract between TOTE and
NASSCO, Perla del Caribe will enter service in the first quarter of 2016 between
Jacksonville, Fla. and San Juan, Puerto
Rico. The Isla Bella, the first Marlin
Class vessel, was launched in April of
2015 and will enter service later this year.
The Marlin Class ships are the most
fuel efficient, eco-friendly containerships
in the world. As the first of their kind,
these ships represent the next generation
of US-built ships and we at General Dynamics NASSCO are proud to be leading
in that effort, said Fred Harris, president
of General Dynamics NASSCO. Emma
Engle, the daughter of Tim Engle and
third generation of Saltchuk ownership,
is the ships sponsor and had the honor
of christening and launching the vessel.
Alcinda Buirds, a 32-year NASSCO employee, pulled the trigger to release the
ship into the San Diego Bay.
A video of the launch can be
viewed at: https://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=DEje7KWlg2c
56
MR #9 (50-57).indd 56
The ships sponsor Emma

Engle christens the Perla
del Caribe, the second of
two LNG-fueled Marlin Class
ships built by General Dynamics NASSCO for Tote.
The LNG-fueled Marlin Clss
ships will reduce NOx emissions by 98 percent, SOx by
97 percent, carbon dioxide
by 72 and particulate matter by 60 percent compared
to TOTEs Ponce Class ships.
(Photo: General Dynamics NASSCO)
LNG Containership Perla del Caribe Launched
9/8/2015 9:25:26 AM
Ulstein Verft Launches its Largest Ship to Date
(Photo: Ulstein)
lstein Verft launched from its dock hall a special offshore construction
vessel, Yno 302, for Island Offshore and Edison Chouest Offshore. The
newbuild measures close to 160 m in length with at beam of 30 m, making it the largest offshore vessel built at Ulstein Verft to date. A video of the launch
is available here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tXHDzPQsuYM&feature=
youtu.be. According to Ulstein, the vessels total steel volume is about 8,800 metric tons approximately the same as five platform supply vessels. Of this volume,
Ulstein Verfts department in Vanylven has produced approximately 1,520 metric
tons, the largest steel volume delivered to one project from this department.
Scheduled for delivery Q4 2015, the vessel remains at the shipyard as its heli
deck is currently being mounted.
The vessel, jointly owned by Norway-based Island Offshore and U.S.-based Edison Chouest Offshore, will be managed by the latter, and thus carries the Edison
Chouest colors and logo. Edison Chouest Offshore and Island Offshore ordered
Yno 302 in 2013 through the company Island Ventures II LLC as part of a two
vessel deal which saw one vessel built at Ulstein Verft, and the other in the U.S.
at Edison Chouests LaShip yard in Houma, La. Both ships are of Ulstein SX165
design. The ABS-classed vessels include accommodation for 200 people and are
equipped with two cranes capable of lifting 400 tons and 140 tons, respectively.
The vessels each feature three separate engine rooms, enabling two-thirds operational capacity to be maintained should an error force an engine rooms to go out
of service. In addition, the ships are equipped with SCR catalyst system for NOx
emission reduction.
By Eric Haun
Tactical Response Vessel Delivered to NYPD
A guard over the water-jets forms a fixed rescue

platform accessible by a hinged grating in the main
deck. The forward, side, rescue-recess and aft decks
are heated to prevent icing in the winter. On the aft
deck is a hydraulic, knuckle-boom crane for launching and recovering a tender.
The vessel is powered by twin 12-cylinder MTU12V2000M94 diesel engines, each producing 1,920
Bhp at 2,450 rpm, giving the boat a top speed of over
41 knots, and at 30 knots a range of about 225 miles.
The engines turn a pair of Hamilton HM571 waterjets through ZF3050 gearboxes. A 30 kW Northern
Lights/Alaska Diesel generator provides service power. Twin Humphree interceptor units, each fitted with
an automatic trim and list control system, adjust the
vessels running trim and list at various speeds and
load conditions. The heating and air-conditioning, a
chilled water/heated loop system, includes a 48,000
Btu chiller and an Espar 16kW diesel heater.
Photo: Gladding-Hearn
ladding-Hearn shipbuilding, Duclos Corporation delivered a second 70-ft. tactical response

vessel to New York Citys Harbor Patrol Unit.
The two sister-boats were part of a five-boat order
from the New York City Police Department (NYPD).
Measuring 68.8 ft. on deck, with a 19-ft. beam and
3.8-ft. draft, the new high-speed, Tactical Response
Vessel features C. Raymond Hunts deep-V hull and a
squared-off bow, with fendering and knees installed
above the main deck to facilitate bow landings.
The superstructure, including the fly-bridge, has
ballistic-resistant windows and panels installed on the
sides, front, back and roof. An American Safe Room
Nuclear, Biological and Chemical (NBC) filtration
system pressurizes the vessels accommodation spaces. Two decontamination showers, along with a containment system, are located on the aft deck. A 1,500
gpm remote control water cannon is mounted on the
wheelhouse roof.
www.marinelink.com
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C A S E ST U DY: HE AV Y L IFT IN G
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9/9/2015 10:25:06 AM
FPSO and other mammoth offshore Floating Production Systems, courtesy of Dockwise, are
Hitchin a Ride
W
hen the Dockwise Vanguard was

conceived, Dockwise, part of the
Boskalis Group, had a vision for
a new market - transporting the
worlds largest cargoes, including
FPSOs (floating production storage and offloading
vessels).
It hasnt taken the vessel, the largest heavy transport
vessel in the world, long to prove its worth, as well as
the feasibility of such a feat. The vessel has currently
transported its first ship-shaped FPSO cargo, Bumi
Armadas Armada Intrepid, to South East Asia which
also happens to be one of the three largest cargoes ever
transported. It is a ground-breaking job for a vessel
which had only just completed the transportation of
ENI Norges 107m-diameter, 64,000-tonne, Goliat
Sevan-design cylindrical floating production and storage unit from Hyundai Heavy Industrys yard in South
Korea to Hammerfest in Norway.
Whats more, the 110,000-ton capacity Dockwise
Vanguards next major job will be yet again bigger in
size and weight - Totals 85,000-ton, 250m-long, 60mwide Moho Nord floating production unit (FPU), which
will be transported from Hyundai Heavy Industrys
yard in Ulsan, South Korea, to West Africa early 2016.
All three projects are noteworthy achievements, but
transporting the FPSO is the biggest, proving the shipshaped FPSO transport concept. Being able to transport
FPSOs using a heavy transport vessel offers FPSO operators and owners a faster and safer alternative to the
current industry norm - slower wet tows using tugs.
This is opening a new market, says Hans Leerdam,
Stop ...
category manager strategic vessels, Offshore Energy

Division of Boskalis. We have just complete transporting the heaviest cargo (Goliat), and now the Armada
Intrepid, the first ship-shaped cargo. Next, we will be
getting ready for Moho Nord FPU. To have these three
contracts in a row shows why we brought the Dockwise
Vanguard to the market.
Safe Loading
The Armada Intrepid, previously known as the Schiehallion FPSO while it was working for BP, west of the
Shetland Islands, was safely and successfully loaded on
to the Dockwise Vanguard in Rotterdams Caland Canal on May 8, just eight days after the heavy transport
vessels arrival in port. The job, loading and transporting the Armada Intrepid, posed the Dockwise project
team some interesting and unique challenges, due to the
dimensions of the cargo. Terpstra says: The configuration of the loading marks this out from other projects.
At first sight, it looks like a normal transport, but whats
quite novel is that it was the first ship-shaped FPSO we
are transporting on the Dockwise Vanguard. Weighing
60,000-tonne (42,000-tonne plus ballast), it is among
the top three heaviest cargoes ever transported. That,
in combination with its ship-shape, with a 245m-long,
45m-beam hull, makes the this project quite interesting.
Unlike normal loads, which are positioned on the
Dockwise Vanguards 275m x 70m deck by ballasting
the vessel beneath the water line and floating the load
across its beam, the Armada Intrepid, which is too long
to float across the beam, had to be floated over the deck
via the Dockwise Vanguards stern, carefully slotting

between the two aft casings, with just 2.5-3m leeway
either side.
Removing one of the aft casings could have been an
option, like we will do to load the Moho Nord FPU,
but, due to the time and cost to do this, and the ability
to take the Armada Intrepid through the stern in this
case, the team went for the latter option, saysTaco Terpstra, senior project manager for the Armada Intrepid,
Boskalis. This loading configuration meant more handling (tugger and tow lines) was required compared to
normal jobs, due to the careful maneuvering required.
Getting the water depth and tidal window right it key,
making loading location and timing crucial.
We had to wait for the right high-tide and the right
environmental conditions, says Terpstra. The wind
needed to be less than 15 knots, or Beaufort scale 4.
Crucially, the water depth needs to be sufficient for
long enough.
In Rotterdam, the tide ebbs and flows every 12 hours,
with high-tide, at this time of year, providing water
deep enough at 24m - for 5-5.5 hours to carry out the
operation.
On May 8, the right weather window was identified
and the action started early in the morning. The Armada
Intrepid was taken from its dry dock by four tugs to the
Caland Canal and, by 11am, it was in position, ready
for the high tide.
The pressure was on. The team had a big job on their
hands and some 1000 spectators as well as local and
national media watching. But, they also had ideal conditions sunny weather and little wind.
Drop ...
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C A S E STU DY: HE AV Y L IFT IN G
Load ...
A few hours before we had the right water depth, we

ballasted the vessel (Dockwise Vanguard) so it had a
free board of 1m, says Terpstra. We then waited for
the final go-ahead. With the go-ahead given, the team
continued to ballast the Dockwise Vanguard while the
four harbor tugs brought the FPSO to its stern. At 4:30
pm, the float-on operation started, with the first tugger
lines (from the Dockwise Vanguard to the Armada Intrepid) slowly pulling the vessel in between the two aft
casings. Its a slow and careful process, with the Dockwise Vanguard crew taking over the handling for the final positioning on to guide posts on the heavy transport
vessels deck.
By 7:30 pm, she was in place. However, even once in
place, the position had to be monitored, to make sure it
was correct, before the Dockwise Vanguard was slowly
de-ballasted, finally lifting the Armada Intrepid out of
the water. Once the Armada Intrepid was fully out of the
water, further inspections were carried out and, finally,
deballasting was completed and the load successfully
executed. The final task, before sailing, saw some 54
sea fastenings (each comprising approximately 2.5 x
3m brackets) welded into place, to make sure the FPSO
would remain secure during the transit, about 54 sea
fastenings. The operation was executed under ideal
circumstances, says Terpstra. The weather was per-
60
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... & Float away.
fect, no wind and clear skies, resulting in good sight,

which is essential for the operation. Altogether, the operation went well, as per schedule, and no unforeseen
circumstances were experienced.
Preparation
However, loading an FPSO, or any major load, onto
the Dockwise Vanguards deck requires more than just
careful loading and sea fastening a lot of preparation
work is required, making the fast turnaround all the
more remarkable. First, the Dockwise Vanguard had to
be cleaned following its transport of the Goliat FPSO.
Then, the vessel had to be fitted with cribbing material - a 600mm-high wooden layer fixed with angle bars
bolted to the deck, on which the Armada Intrepid or
any other load would rest. In addition, the guide posts,
against which the FPSO is positioned, had to be installed. All of this was done before May 8.
Further, the work will not stop until the FPSO is safely
delivered, even though it has been safely loaded and secured. During the voyage, the FPSO, sea fastenings and
cribbing are being regularly inspected.
For this transport, Dockwise is also trying something
new - having permanent, real-time pressure monitoring
on the cribbing. This is something that has not been
doing before and we are trying it, says Terpstra. So
far we have not been able to this. We will be able to get

real time data on this voyage. All in all, its a big job.
The Dockwise Vanguards crew was increased for the
loading operation, from the usual 25/26 to 33, because
of the amount of line handling involved, says Terpstra.
With Dockwise as the main contractor, the project also
used other Boskalis Group companies, including using
SMIT Harbour Towage Northwest Europe tugs.
For Hans Leerdam, the biggest achievement is proving the FPSO transport concept. For me, this is an innovation, a first, he says. We are able to show to the
market this is a better, faster, more efficient solution to
transport ship-shaped FPSOs from one side of the world
to another, be it for refitting or new builds. The alternative is a wet tow - at half the speed. We expect the Dockwise Vanguard to cruise up to 12,5 knots. Wet tow speed
is about 6-8 knots. You can also be more flexible, going
around bad weather. You are safer and more in control.
In fact, insurance premiums for wet tows are 10 times
more expensive than the dry tow alternative, showing
that insurance companies recognize that dry transport
is a safer solution, says Leerdam. The Dockwise Vanguard, with the Armada Intrepid on board arrived in
South East Asia, early July, sailed via the Cape of Good
Hope, without the need for tugs and in less time than a
wet tow would have taken.
9/9/2015 10:26:18 AM
P RO P UL SION T E CHN OLOGY
Interlake Steamship to Install More Scrubbers
Maritime
Professional
3Q 2013
| www.MaritimeProfessional.com
Mark
Barker
Pioneering LNG
as Fuel on the
Great Lakes
PAGE 40
(Photo: Interlake Steamship Company)
s vessel owners struggle over

the best and most efficient
means to meet stringent new
emission regulations, the Interlake
Steamship Company has proven phase
one of emissions-reduction technology on Great Lakes; and two additional
ships are to be outfitted with exhaust
gas scrubbers in 2016. Following the
implementation of exhaust gas scrubbers on its self-unloading bulk carrier
M/V Hon. James L. Oberstar, the Interlake Steamship Company said it plans to
expand its emission-reduction efforts to
one-third of its fleet by installing similar scrubber systems on the M/V Lee
A. Tregurtha and M/V James R. Barker
early in 2016. In April 2015, Interlake
became a pioneer, installing freshwater scrubbers on the Great Lakes when
the system became operational on the
806-ft. Oberstar. The 826-ft. Tregurtha
and 1,003-ft. Barker will be equipped
with the same single-inlet, closed-loop
DuPont Marine Scrubbers from Belco
Technologies Corp. (BELCO), a division of DuPont Sustainable Solutions.
Interlake President Mark Barker, who
has driven innovative solutions in a very
traditional market, said this technology
allows us to achieve our goal of continually shrinking our fleets environmental
footprint while dependably, safely and
efficiently delivering raw materials to
our steel, construction and power generation customers throughout the Great
Lakes. We have proven the technology
on our 800-ft. traditional Laker and now
OFFSHORE SUPPORT
HARVEY GULF
PAGE 30
MLC 2006 COSTLY

& CONFUSING
PAGE 10
INTERVIEW CAPT.
ERIC CLARKE
PAGE 20
TRAINING THE NEW

GOLD STANDARD
PAGE 44
We have proven the technology on our

800-ft. traditional Laker and now were
ready to scale up to our 1,000-ft. class
ships with our first installation on the
James R. Barker.
Mark Barker, President, Interlake
were ready to scale up to our 1,000ft. class ships with our first installation
on the James R. Barker. A total of five
Interlake vessels will be outfitted with
these types of scrubbers by 2017.
How it Works
The scrubber units, which are attached
to the exhaust system of each of the
ships two engines, effectively strip the
majority of sulfur from its stack emissions. Exhaust gas from the engine is
sent through a series of absorption sprays
that wash and remove impurities, specifically sulfur and particulate matter.
That washed gas then travels through a

droplet separator before a clean plume
of white steam is discharged into the atmosphere. The sulfur reductions have
exceeded our expectations, Barker said.
At the end of the 2015 navigation season, the Tregurtha and Barker will sail to
Bay Shipbuilding in Sturgeon Bay, Wis.,
to have the scrubbers and associated
equipment installed during winter layup,
in early 2016.
Bay Shipbuilding is where the first
installation on the Oberstar was completed earlier this year. The scrubber
system relies on an injection of sodium
hydroxide to neutralize and remove

sulfur from the exhaust gas and that
chemical has to be delivered to the vessel about twice a month. Working with
partners, Hawkins Inc., PVS Chemicals
Inc., Garrow Oil & Propane and OSI
Environmental, the company has established waterfront supply capability at
Sturgeon Bay, Wis., and Detroit, Mich.,
and expects to develop a similar capability in Duluth, Minn., hopefully within
the next month. From there, the supplyand-delivery infrastructure will be built
out at ports located near East Chicago,
Ill., and Burns Harbor, Ind.
Hybrid Propulsion for New Fairplay Tugs
(Photo: Schottel)
The Fairplay fleet in Rotterdam welcomed two new members: The hybrid tractor
tugs Fairplay IX and Fairplay XI, each equipped with a Schottel hybrid propulsion
system including two Schottel Rudderpropellers SRP 4000 with hybrid gearboxes,
two electric motors and an integrated steering control system, specialized for hybrid propulsion. The installed hybrid propulsion concept enables the Fairplay tugs
to operate with an optimal power output, according to the propulsion manufacturer.
At part load, the electric motors (600 kW each) suffice while the two MTU diesel
engines (2,240 kW each) are employed for operation at full load. Here, the electric
motor can be switched on to provide additional power. The 29m long tractor tugs
have a bollard pull of 90t and travel at a maximum speed of 13.5 knots.
The Schottel hybrid propulsion concept is suitable for Rudderpropellers with power input ratings of up to 4,200 kW. It offers a flexible combination of diesel engine
and electric motor power due to the hybrid gearbox. The power output of the electric
motor is variable according to the applied diesel engine performance and rotation
speed. Another feature of the Schottel one-stop-shop hybrid propulsion solution is
the included steering control which is optimized for the flexible operation with two
different motor types and integrated in the vessels control panel from the outset.
www.marinelink.com
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P RO P UL S I O N TEC H NO LO GY
EMP
Renewable Energy
Battery Solution for Ships
A range of marine battery solutions received approval for use on-board ships or marine related applications such as offshore platforms and renewable energy
projects. Available from Eco Marine Power (EMP), a
developer of renewable energy solutions for ships, in
cooperation with storage batteries and electrical machinery manufacturer Furukawa Battery Company of
Japan, the battery range has been accepted for use on
classed vessels by ClassNK (Nippon Kaiji Kyokai) in
addition to having been evaluated by EMP. Three main
battery types from Furukawa Battery will now be used
by EMP as part of its Aquarius Marine Solar Power
and Aquarius MAS + Solar solution packages.
FC38-12: FC38-12 VRLA (Valve Regulated
Lead Acid) batteries are suited for small marine solar
power applications (i.e. up to around 5kWp) and can
be supplied either as a battery pack set or as individual
12V units. Advantages: size and weight, suited for
installation in small (but ventilated) spaces onboard
vessels.
FCP Series: Furukawa Cycle Power (FCP) series battery units are available in various configurations and are supplied complete with a modular design mounting rack for vibration resistance. The space
saving design of the unit also reduces installation and
maintenance time. FCP series batteries are ideally
suited for renewable energy applications. Advantages:
Long life (to 15 years) and low maintenance.
UB Series: The Ultra Battery (UB) series are a
solution for smart grid, wind power and solar power
applications both on land and on ships. UB-50-12 batteries can be supplied as individual units or as a pack
for use with an EMP marine solar power solution. Advantages: Long cycle life (approximately 4500 cycles
for the UB-1000) and suppression of cathode sulfation.
EMP
www.ecomarinepower.com
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Cimolai Technology SpA is an Italian-based company that specializes in the design, fabrication and installation of special lifting and transporting equipment for marinas, ports
and shipyards.
Its agships are:
- The biggest boat hoist in the world, lifting capacity 1100 ton., at work in Qatar
- Ten boat hoists capacity 820 ton., with an additional two units due for delivery by
end of 2015
- Two shipyard cranes on tyres, capacity 1000 ton. each
Contact information
E-mail: info@cimolaitechnology.com
Website: www.cimolaitechnology.com
ECO Retrofit Service
Telephone: +39 049 9404539
Making Bulbous Bow Optimizations Future-proof
hip owners and operators are turning to bulbous bow retrofits to

increase their vessels energy efficiency. DNV GL has developed a tool
as part of the ECO Retrofit service to
support the industry in tailoring retrofit
projects to the future needs of their fleet.
While the service identifies new bow
shapes based on computational fluid
dynamics (CFD) calculations, the new
tool explores the effect of alternative operational options. Overall, this approach
can help customers help save 5-10% on
their annual fuel bill. The biggest issue
in many retrofit projects is the definition
of the individual operational profile. In

the past two years the ECO Retrofit service has already helped to upgrade some
200 vessels. Aside from analyzing their
fleets past performance, ship owners
and operators frequently have questions
concerning the future, such as: What if
I operate at other conditions some day?
Can we change the operational profile
again? Even though our new ECO Retrofit tool cannot change the volatility of
the market, it quantifies performance for
a bandwidth of scenarios from worstcase to best-case scenarios, supporting
more informed business decisions, said
Carsten Hahn, Senior Project Engineer

ECO Lines at DNV GL Maritime.
DNV GLs new ECO Retrofit service
creates 5,000 to 10,000 vessel-specific
bow designs and assesses them for a
broad range of operational conditions using CFD. An interactive excel-based tool
allows easy and immediate exploration
of what-if scenarios for changing operational conditions. The input is drawn
from the target operational profile and is
typically displayed in a matrix of four
speeds and three drafts. Optional constraints, such as reaching design speed at
85 percent engine power, are also con-
sidered before the best bow shape for

the operational profile is chosen. The
tool can then assess the performance of
this bow for alternative operational profiles. It displays estimated savings (in $
per year and amount of power in %) and
payback time of the best bulbous bow
option for all specified operational profiles. The payback time calculation takes
aspects like fleet size, conversion costs
and fuel price into account. Should customers want to change any elements of
the analysis the tool simply recalibrates
the new input to create more what-ifscenarios.
LNG Bunker Barge Concepts
Jensen
Jensen Maritime Consultants debuted a pair of LNG bunker barge concepts. The
first concept involves outfitting an existing barge with an above-deck LNG tank. The
concept can be further modified to accommodate more than one type of product, if
a customer has a need for multiple liquid transfers. Design advantages include a
fast turnaround and a reduced need to invest in specialized assets if a customer has
short-term LNG requirements. The second concept is for a purpose-built, new bunker
barge. Offering greater carrying capacity and improved visibility, the design features
a larger LNG tank that is nestled inside of the barge. This new barge will also feature the latest safety features and efficiencies. As the maritime industry continues to
evaluate the pros and cons of switching to LNG or dual fuel options, bunker barges
offer a solution for the maritime industry, which is currently struggling with the decision over which to develop first LNG infrastructure or vessels. These barges are a
resource for those who have LNG needs at ports not located near an LNG terminal or
as an alternative to over-the-road transportation.
www.jensenmaritime.com
www.marinelink.com
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E V E N T PR E V IE W
ShippingInsight Fleet Optimization Conference & Exhibition
Optimize ... or Else ...
he worldwide decline in fuel

price will no doubt ease some
of the immediate pressure on
shipping companies to squeeze
greater fuel efficiency out of ship operations. But its only a temporary reprieve.
It does nothing to assuage the perfect
storm of a persistent economic slump in
world trade, overcapacity in many segments, a bubble of newbuilds at bargainbasement pricing from order-strapped
shipyards, disastrous freight rates and
rising costs of compliance with deadlines looming for ECDIS, ballast water
treatment and ECA restrictions on high
sulfur fuel.
For now, low bunker prices are providing a calm spell for ship managers
to catch a breath and consider ways to
harness new technologies for bringing
greater efficiency to ship and fleet operations. For many shipping companies,
their very survival will depend on it.
This is the atmosphere in which the
2015 edition of the SHIPPINGInsight
Fleet Optimization Conference & Exhibition will convene next month. The
fourth annual gathering of technologists
and shipowners will take place in Stamford, Conn., Oct. 13-14.
We recognize that the maritime indus-
try is besieged by an ever growing number of conferences, exhibitions and symposia. There is something on the events
calendar nearly every week of the year
with the possible exception of Christmas
and mid-summer holidays. They range
from massive trade fairs like SMM and
Nor-Shipping to small tightly focused
single-issue conferences. SHIPPINGInsight, we believe, is different, in that it
brings together technology companies,
classification societies, flag state authorities and most importantly shipowners in an intimate format that facilitates
sharing of ideas and technological solutions for running ships profitably. This
happens in the formal conference sessions, in the exhibit hall and less formally in the many networking opportunities.
Technology is moving very fast, and this
year there will be an even broader spectrum of available solutions for shipowners to consider for fleet optimization.
SHIPPINGInsight 2015 will focus on
three key areas: Fuel & Propulsion, Efficient Ships and Ship Telematics. Panel
sessions will feature more than 25 speakers presenting case studies and results in
reducing operating costs and boosting
efficiency. The panels will be moderated by senior executives from ship oper-
By Jim Rhodes & Frank Soccoli
ating companies. In addition, there will

be four themed open-discussion Q&Adriven roundtables of experts addressing
ECA Compliance, the Role of Class and
Flag, Human Resources and Connected
Ships & Cyber Security. ShipNet will
host an educational seminar on shipping
management software solutions on the
afternoon of Day Two. All registered
delegates to SHIPPINGInsight 2015 are
cordially invited to attend at no extra
charge.
A consistent themeline running through
the whole SHIPPINGInsight conference
is the need for more and better data exchange between ship and shore in order
to make timely decisions using modern
analytical tools founded on solid facts.
Thats why were devoting the entire
program on Day Two to the subject of
Ship Telematics and Big Data.
The conference chairman is Capt. Michael Wilson, President and COO of Laurin Maritime Americas. Keynote speakers are Gary Vogel, CEO of Eagle Bulk
Shipping; Paal Johansen, Vice President
and Director of Operations, Maritime,
DNV GL; Angus Campbell, Managing
Director, Bernhard Schulte Ship Management (UK); Scott Bergeron, CEO of
the Liberian Register; and Shane Ross-
bacher, Senior Vice President of Business Development for Inmarsat.

The second annual SHIPPINGInsight
Award will be presented during a luncheon on Day One of the conference to
a shipping company and its technology
partners, recognizing achievements in
advancing the state-of-the-art in ship and
fleet optimization.
We are grateful to Maritime Reporter
for being a faithful media sponsor of
the SHIPPINGInsight conferences since
the first event in 2012. Special thanks to
Greg Trauthwein and his great team of
professionals for all the support theyve
given to this important event.
For more information, visit
www.shippinginsight.com
The Authors
Jim Rhodes and Frank Soccoli are codirectors of the annual SHIPPINGInsight
Fleet Optimization Conference and
Exibition.
Plan to attend
ShippingInsight
October 13-14, 2015
Stamford, Connecticut
www.shippinginsight.com
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www.marinelink.com
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P RO D U CT FE AT U R E S
Tenneco: Large Engine SCR System

T
enneco was awarded three product design assessment (PDA)

certificates from the American
Bureau of Shipping for its new selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system
for large engines. The PDA certificates
cover key components of the system, including the complete dosing and control
system, injectors, load sensors and the
human machine interface (HMI) remote
monitor, as well as catalyst and reactor
hardware configurations for both EPA
and IMO applications.
Tennecos SCR after treatment system
features a complete dosing control solution specifically designed for marine
engine applications up to 7,500 kW or
10,000 hp. The system is designed to en-
TS General Rudder
66
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able propulsion and auxiliary engines to

meet EPA Tier IV and IMO Tier III regulatory requirements and provide precise
and reliable delivery of liquid urea via
a proprietary, high-performance injector design, a precision mechatronic fluid
delivery pump and customizable remote
monitoring and controls.
In the past year, the company has conducted a series of field tests to demonstrate how the systems form, fit, function and performance capabilities can be
integrated into a vessels engine and control architecture. Field tests were conducted in 2014 on a 224 ft. Great Lakes
training vessel powered by four 800 hp,
circa 1984 Tier 0 engines. In a series of
validation tests, including the ISO 8178
E2 cycle, when one of the engines was

outfitted with the after treatment system,
the engine met all criteria for IMO Tier
III including NOx and SOx. In 2015, additional field tests are currently underway on a similar training vessel in the
Gulf of Mexico powered by the same
type of engines.
SCR System Features
The SCR systems modular design enables seamless integration for a broad
range of engine sizes and works with
electrically or mechanically controlled
engines. It has been validated for durability and all components are easy to
maintain and service without the need
for special tools.
The fluid delivery system with dosing

control software is capable of managing
multiple injection points and sensors.
The system can support urea flows up
to 120 meters, which enables a wide array of installation options. Airless urea
injection provides high dosing accuracy
and consistency without the need for
designated compressed air.
The systems Human Machine Interface (HMI) can be accessed on the front
of the fluid delivery box or remotely via
a touch screen tablet. It features an easyto-use interface to access onboard diagnostic functions and to monitor all system parameters including but not limited
to NOx reduction performance and urea
concentration levels in real time.
is powered by four, 1982 Caterpillar 800 hp, tier 0 diesel engines.
9/8/2015 10:18:45 AM
SCR System
Tennecos new large engine selective
catalytic reduction (SCR) system for marine and large engine applications. The
systems high performance dosing control and unique remote human machine
interface (HMI) control pad maximize
system design and installation flexibility
for engine manufacturers and shipbuilders
Tenneco, Texas A&M Partner

Tenneco is helping engineering midshipmen at the Texas A&M Maritime
Academy learn firsthand how advanced
after treatment technology can help diesel engines meet new emissions regulations while efficiently and effectively
powering the ships of the future.
Midshipmen received hands-on experience this summer with Tennecos latest
large engine SCR diesel after treatment
technology on the TS General Rudder,
which is operated by the Maritime Academy. Midshipmen helped conduct field
tests during their training cruises in the
Gulf of Mexico to demonstrate how the
systems form, fit, function and performance capabilities can be easily inte-
grated into a vessels engine and control

architecture. Over the next few years,
new vessels similar in size to the General Rudder will be required to meet more
stringent EPA emissions regulations,
said Timothy Jackson, chief technology
officer, Tenneco. The testing conducted
on this ship provides us with important
data on the systems performance in realworld ocean conditions and gives midshipmen the opportunity to work with
some of the industrys most advanced
emissions technologies.
Beginning in May of 2015, the midshipmen collected and documented over
one thousand hours of real-time operating data, including exhaust backpressure
and temperature monitoring, NOx con-
version efficiency and urea quality and

consumption. Tennecos SCR system
was installed on a 33-year old 800 horsepower, Tier 0 engine that was operational
for the duration of the Academys summer cruise training period. While running the engine through multiple duty
cycles during real time operation of the
vessel, emission results collected using
telematics demonstrated NOx reduction
levels that kept the General Rudder compliant with todays stringent EPA Tier IV
marine emission requirements under all
operational conditions.
Transforming a 33-year old mechanical engine into one that meets current
EPA Tier IV marine emissions standards
clearly demonstrates the effectiveness
of Tennecos SCR system, and how its

modular design can be quickly and easily integrated into any engine architecture, Jackson said.
Tenneco conducted similar tests on a
224 ft. training vessel in the Great Lakes
in 2014. In a series of validation tests,
including the ISO 8178 E2 cycle, when
a similar engine was outfitted with Tennecos SCR system, the engine met all
criteria for IMO Tier III, including NOx.
HMI System
The SCR systems remote
human machine interface
(HMI) control features
an interface to monitor
and control key system
parameters including NOx
reduction performance
and urea concentration
levels in real time.
Texas A&M University at Galveston Midshipmen received hands-on experience this summer with Tennecos latest large engine selective catalytic
reduction (SCR) diesel aftertreatment technology on the TS General Rudder, which is operated by the Maritime Academy.
www.marinelink.com
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P RO D U CT FE AT U R E S
Efficiency, Safety
& the case for on-board chlorine generation
hlorine/mixed-oxidant generation is a strategy that has been

proven to be more effective
and efficient for combating waterborne
pathogens, including Legionella, than
sodium hypochlorite for years first
in municipal and hotel pools, and more
recently aboard scores of US Navy carriers and amphibious ships. Now the
cruise ship industry is beginning to leverage that experience to delight its passengers with cleaner water that virtually
eliminates harsh chlorine odors and irritation, while at the same time improving
efficiency in numerous ways for better
bottom lines.
Howell Laboratories, a longtime supplier of on-board equipment based on
patented MIOX on-demand mixedoxidant generator technology to the US
Navy, recently landed the contracts for
two new ships being built for the cruise
industry.
Adam Jones, Howells Director of
Business
Development-Commercial
Products, said in and of itself, the systems ability to prevent the formation
of biofilm, which renders traditional
chlorine strategies ineffective against
the dangerous Legionella pathogen, has
high value for an industry that has suffered costly and well-documented trip
interruptions due to outbreaks of Legionnaires Disease. But Jones says the
efficiency benefits and the contribution
of the strategy to passenger enjoyment
are what drove the clients decision in
this case.
For passengers, the MIOX chlorine/
mixed-oxidant strategy virtually eliminates the harsh odors and stinging eyes
tied to the traditional use of sodium hypochlorite. A college pool used for both
competitive and recreational swimming
found that operators, coaches and students reported no chlorine smell after
switching to the MIOX system, despite
the fact that chlorine levels in the pool
remained at the same level of 1.0 ppm
(water temperature was maintained at 82
to 84 degrees F.).
In addition, the operators of the same
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pool, as well as those of literally thousands of installations in municipal, hotel

and college pools around the world, report crystal clear water quality with the
MIOX system.
A municipality in Japan that operated
a pool that entertains 92,000 guests per
year even reported that water clarity
improved 3.5 times with the switch to
MIOX (from 8 meters to 28 meters).
And similar results have been repeated
successfully in installation after installation, over many years.
Plus, municipalities that use the system for potable water, not to mention the
Navy, report a decrease in the chlorine
taste in drinking water. This is especially
notable since the two upcoming cruise
ship installations will also use the system for potable and hotel water on board.
Efficiency and Safety Enhancements

In disinfecting water and controlling
Legionella, the MIOX chlorine/mixedoxidant solution virtually eliminates the
need for additional costly and caustic
bio-control chemicals like Sterilex,
which is only approved for pools and
spas, not hotel water. By contrast, the
MIOX system is EPA-approved for both
recreational and hotel water. Another
benefit of the strategy is elimination of
the need to transport and store bottled
chlorine, an expensive process with inherent safety dangers. The storage space
needs for the raw material food grade
salt is 4x less than that for bottled
chlorine. Plus, the generated solution of
the mixed-oxidant system is nominally
0.45 percent chlorine, a concentration
that requires no protective equipment
like masks or gloves. So it is inherently

safer for both the crew and guests. The
generated chlorine/mixed-oxidant solution can also be used very safely to disinfect galleys, decks and other surfaces on
board, just as you would with any other
chlorine-based disinfectant.
Lower Chemical Costs
There are benefits to Howells MIOX
chlorine/mixed-oxidant strategy for disinfecting recreational, potable and hotel
water on board cruise ships versus the
bottled chlorine strategy.
But in the end it all comes down to
cost. And according to the manufacturer,
the price efficiencies of the system are
most favorable.
For more information,
e: ajones@howelllabs.com
Using patented MIOX technology, Howell Laboratorys on-board chlorine/mixed-oxidant generation system not only prevents Legionella and disinfects all shipboard water, it eliminates the odor and stinging eyes associated with traditional
sodium hypochlorite disinfection, making for a better guest experience.
9/10/2015 11:19:08 AM
P UT TO TH E TEST
WEEGO Portable Jump Starter put to the Test
nyone who has read these pages

knows that product testing is
generally not our area of editorial cover. However on occasion we
will receive offers to test drive a product,
as we recently were when the company
with the unusual name and interesting
product line came knocking.
Weego is an innovator in portable battery solutions, and it recently launched
its Weego Jump Starter Battery+ to the
marine market. The product line is comprised of a family of compact and portable jump starters ranging in price from
$99 to $199.
Seeing as though I recently purchased
a 27ft. cabin cruiser, I thought why not.
To be honest I was skeptical that such
a small package could pack the power
to jump start anything more than an
iPhone, and during much of the test
thats exactly what it performed, keeping
power to a variety of phones and tablets.
I was just about to return the unit when,
lo and behold, I left one of my batteries
on in an overnight stay at a local marina,
forgetting to engage my battery charger
while hooked to shore power.
I was literally able to put the Weego to
the test on the water, and it performed exactly as advertised, providing the needed
spark to jump start my 5.7L Volvo Penta
marine gas engine. So impressed was I
with the compact unit and ease of use, I
threw out the return package and called
Weego the next day to purchase the test
unit.
Weego is pocket sized and capable
of starting 12V batteries in boats, cars,
trucks, motorcycles, ATVs and more, as
well as charging phones, tablets, speakers and other USB devices. Incredibly
easy to use, each Weego model includes
jumper cables that can be attached to the
terminals of a dead battery. Easy to follow instructions are printed on the back
of each Weego for quick reference. To
start, boaters simply connect the clamps
to the battery terminals, attach the cable
to the Jump Starter Battery+, turn the
power on and start the engine. A builtin LED flashlight assists in low-light
situations and a strobe with SOS function (on the two larger capacity models)
draws on-the-water or roadside attention
if needed. A 3-in-1 USB charging cord,
8 popular-brand laptop connectors, wall
and car chargers, and a carrying case are
included.
Weego Jump Starters are offered in

three sizes. The JS6 Standard is capable
of starting gas engines up to 4.6L and diesel engines up to 2.4L; the JS12 Heavy
Duty (as tested) can start gas engines up
to 6.4L, diesel engines up to 3.2L and the
JS18 Professional can start gas engines
greater than 6.4L and up to 4.8L diesels.
Constructed with durable, high-quality
12V Lithium-ion Battery

Engine Capacity
Starting/Peak Current
Chargine Time
(using 14V input)
Flashlight, Strobe & SOS
MSRP
components and long-lasting batteries,

Weego features built-in circuitry protection, an auto-off feature, and jumper
cables with both a fuse and diode to ensure user safety, as well as protection for
the unit. Weego jump starters offer up to
1,000 charging cycles (a full charge plus
full discharge), have an operating temperature from -4 to 140-degrees Fahren-
heit (-20 to 60-degrees Celsius).

Pricing and Availability
The Weego Jump Starter Battery+
has a suggested retail price of $99.99,
$129.99 and $189.99 for the JS6, JS12
and JS18, respectively.
http://www.myweego.com/videos/
G. Trauthwein
Standard JS6
Heavy Duty JS12
Professional JS18
6000 mAh
Gas: up to 4.6L
Diesel: up to 2.4L
150A/300A
1.5 hours
12000 mAh
Gas: up to 6.4L
Diesel: up to 3.2L
200A/400A
3 hours
18000 mAh
Gas: 6.4L+
Diesel: up to 4.8L
300A/600A
5 hours
Flashlight only
$109.99
Yes
$149.99
Yes
$199.99
www.marinelink.com
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9/8/2015 10:20:50 AM
C L E A N WAT E R PRODU CT S
CleanSewage Bio
BallastMaster
CleanSewage Bio joins the portfolio of RWO,

dubbed by its creator as an attack on the wastewater treatment market, offering one-side-access
to the system to give significant space, as well as
an easy and understandable handling concept. The
one-side-access saves and allows planning without
maintenance space at both sides and the back of
the system. Together with a very compact system
design, the space demand is up to 25% smaller than
its competitors, depending on the capacity. To ease
operation and bring failure rates to the lowest possible, RWO
has
developed an intuitive status
control which
e n a b l e s
checking the
plants status
at a glance.
GEA Westfalia Separator Group has Class Approval from DNV GL for its ballast water management
system, BallastMaster ultraV 250. The chemicalfree system solution for ballast water treatment fulfills all D-2 standards of the IMO. Performing at up
to 250 cu. m./hr., its modular design is suitable for
retrofitting existing ships. The DNV-GL certified
system can be mounted as a complete plug-andplay unit as well.
www.rwo.de
www.gea.com
Headhunter
Headhunters team of engineers, fabricators, and
wastewater specialists work together to provide innovative and efficient sewage treatment solutions.
Offering systems in three categories; STP, Physical Chemical MSD, Biological MSDs, all can be
customized to fit customers needs. This includes
space-saving modular unit designed for the bilge
of a megayacht or a skid-mounted turnkey package complete with lift stations for a jack up rigs,
and more.
www.headhunterinc.com
The Rapid Repair Clamp
ELASTEC 1.5m BoomVane

SeaHows Skimmer System
New SeaHow skimmer systems can be implemented to almost any work boat over 6m in length.
Skimmers are designed to collect both light and
heavy oils efficiently. These features provide totally new operational efficiencies especially for near
shore and coastal oil spill response. The system
fosters efficient utilization of existing work boats
and vessels in oil spill response.
www.seahow.net
ELASTECS 1.5 meter ELASTEC BoomVane is

designed to quickly deploy heavier oil booms in
coastal and open waters in advancing sweeping
and skimming applications with only one towing
vessel. No longer limited by the length of a sweep
arm, wider boom swaths can be configured with the
unharnessed power of the BoomVane to tow the
boom into position. BoomVane also solidly holds
the swath configuration in place, maneuvered by
the boats captain.
www.elastec.com
The Rapid Repair Clamp is

designed to be a fast, easy
way to temporarily repair
pipe leaks and bursts. The
self-contained design allows for installation by one
person in less than 60 seconds, without the use of any
tools. Made from marinegrade stainless steel, the
Rapid Repair Clamp provides an extra tight seal
for water, steam, gas and most chemical/petroleum liquids. Its unique design makes it ideal for
commercial applications such as marine, oil and
gas, plumbing, food processing and emergency
services. The Rapid Repair Clamp is available in
four widths and a variety of diameters, fitting pipes
ranging from 38mm 930mm (1.5 36) and can
be applied to pressurized pipes up to 20 bar.
www.worldwidemetric.com
Dometics SeaXchange Reverse Osmosis System

Dometic is now focused on the workboat sector with a range of products, including the Dometics SeaXchange
Reverse Osmosis System. Featuring a compact design that yields a surprisingly small physical footprint, as well as
high quality components that are designed for continuous high performance, the SeaXchange RO System boasts high
rejection levels with a user friendly interface. There is more than one way to purify water, but Dometic chose to use
reverse osmosis because of its cost effectiveness and ease of maintenance. The system is designed to produce the same
high-quality, purified water anywhere in open ocean waters, in harbors or in brackish water, regardless of temperature or level of dissolved solids in the water. Dometics Sea Xchange XTC and Spot Zero ZTC Series double-pass
combination systems provide operators with the flexibility in purifying feed water from not only a dockside potable
water source, but also from seawater or brackish water source. From a dockside source, with one touch, the Dometic
Spot Zero ZTC Series fresh water RO system will automatically process and purify feed water and will remove 95%-99% of the total dissolved solids before sending
the purified water to the vessels onboard tank. From a seawater source, Dometics Sea Xchange XTC Series fully-automatic seawater RO system will first process raw
seawater or brackish water, and then will send the product water from the XTC system to the Spot Zero ZTC automatic fresh water RO system for further processing to
create a true double-pass process before the ultra-purified water is sent to the vessels tank.
www.dometic.com
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Cleaner Eliminates Need

for Multiple Solutions
Adhesive-Bonded Fasteners
The
eco-friendly
Oil Eater Original
cleaner/degreaser
is ideal for marine maintenance
while eliminating
the need for multiple solutions. The
cleaner
quickly
disperses
grease,
oil and grime from
bilges, engines and
decks. Proprietary
anti-corrosion chemistry guards against damaging
surfaces. The cleaner is water-based, non-flammable, biodegradable and contains no acids, abrasives
or petroleum solvents. It penetrates rapidly, rinses
off easily, leaves no residue and will not harm fiberglass.
ABB and MeteoGroup won an order to outfit 140

Maersk container vessels with software to optimize
routes. The deal will see ABB combine its Octopus
motion-monitoring, forecasting and decision-support software, with MeteoGroups SPOS Seekeeping plug-in. Once fitted on the ships, it will enable
captains to define onboard loading conditions and
accurately determine areas of the ocean where their
ships motion is likely to exceed threshold values.
Routes can then be optimized automatically to skirt
adverse conditions, ensuring cargo arrives safely
and on-time at its destination port.
www.oileater.com
www.abb.com
Maersk Orders Advisory Software
Click Bonds ABS Type-approved fasteners are attached using structural adhesives that are resistant
to saltwater and hydraulic fluids. The chemical
barrier inhibits galvanic corrosion. Each fastener
includes an installation fixture that holds the part
in place under positive pressure, optimizing bond
strength while the adhesive cures. The fasteners offer reduced holes, stronger structures, greater work
sequence flexibility and require no hot work.
www.clickbond.com
Scienco/FAST
Scienco/FAST is an original equipment manufacturer
specializing in marine sewage devices, environmentallyfriendly cleaners and other industrial water management
technologies. These MSDs treat sewage and ensure compliance with ever-changing regulations. Scienco/FAST
has several different models to offer, depending on physical footprint, weight of operating unit, access for retrofit
installations, and price. Every system is functionally tested before shipping to ensure performance and eliminate
service issues. In its 30th anniversary, Scienco/FASTs
commitment to environmental stewardship is providing
superior sewage and water management systems that
lessen the impacts of wastewater in waterways. The MarineFAST is the result of decades of experience to
provide the best environmental sanitation technology and continually requested by vessel owners and chief
engineers. Since the first installation in 1969 on board the M/V Missouri Tugboat, MarineFAST Sewage Treatment Systems have been installed on myriad workboats and offshore facilities to provide total sewage treatment, pretreatment, and (in some cases) water reuse opportunities. Scienco/FAST takes pride in the fact that
these certified, Type II Marine Sanitation Devices (MSD) and Systems are installed on some of the greenest
ships in the world.
TPS/i Robotics:
Automated Welding Redefined
Fronius is launching the new TPS/i Robotics power
source, which is designed to meet the demands of
robot-assisted welding. Thanks to its interconnected and fully synchronized system components, it is
designed to enable robotic welding to be performed
faster and with a higher degree of reproducibility.
A crucial role is played by the modified dip transfer
arc (LSC - Low Spatter Control) and the modified
pulsed arc (PMC - Pulse Multi Control), which
give the welder a significantly higher level of control over the arc.
www.fronius.com
www.sciencofast.com
MacGregors Lashings Storage System

MacGregor, part of Cargotec, has developed a new 40-foot flat
rack loose lashings storage system designed to make better use
of available deck space. MacGregor said its new flat rack system
meets ISO standards and can accommodate a total of 16 storage
bins that are color-coded for twistlocks, midlocks, stackers and
damaged products. Two flat racks stacked on top of each other
and connected with twistlocks are the equivalent dimensions of
a high cube container (9.5-ft.). Flat rack is operated as a standard
container and other containers can be loaded on top of it. As usual
for flat racks, it should only be lifted from the top corner fittings
with a spreader lifting frame or from the bottom corner fittings
with suitable lifting gear.
www.macgregor.com
www.marinelink.com
MR #9 (66-73).indd 71
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9/8/2015 10:22:34 AM
Fanguy
Harry Horgan, President

George HW Bush and
Captain William Rey.
Fanguy Snags SNAME Award

Bollinger Shipyards, LLC announced its
vice president for quality management
system, Dennis Fanguy, will receive the
2015 William M. Kennedy from the Society of Naval Architects & Marine Engineers (SNAME). The award is given
in recognition of outstanding service
and contribution in the development of
systems and planning applying to shipbuilding and ship repair. Fanguy, a 1984
graduate from the University of New
Orleans (UNO) with a Bachelor of Science degree in Electrical Engineering,
has been employed at Bollinger since his
graduation 31 years ago.
President Bush Sails with Disabled
aboard the Impossible Dream
Former President George HW Bush and
First Lady Barbara Bush set sail with the
crew of the Impossible Dream, a unique
catamaran designed for disabled sailors,
a chance for the watermen and activists
to thank the 41st President of the United
States for signing the Americans with
Disabilities Act (ADA) into law in the
summer of 1990. Impossible Dream is
a 60-ft. wheelchair accessible catamaran
Ellis
yacht that this summer set sail from Miami up the eastern seaboard in celebration of the 25th anniversary of the ADA.
ALMACO Wins Drillships Work
ALMACO Group was awarded the design, material supply and supervision
contract from Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Ltd. (KHI) in Japan for the first
(DRU#1 - Ondina) and second (DRU#2
- Pituba) drillships for the Enseada Industria Naval project In March 2014, KHI
contracted ALMACO Group to deliver
the design, material supply and supervision for the catering areas, inclusive
galley, provision stores, refrigeration
machinery and mess rooms, located on
the hull of the first drillship, Ondina. The
expected delivery date for this work is
end of 2015.
Metalcraft Celebrates 50th
Metalcraft, a designer and manufacturer
of fire detection and suppression equipment, is celebrating its 50th anniversary.
Beginning as a machine shop in the mid60s with two owners and a secretary, the
company served a localized Baltimore
customer base. Within 10 years, it began
Bekkens
EMS
Webb
Harding
Metalcraft
Bollinger
Photo: Evan Sisley,Office of George Bush
P E O P L E & COMPA N IE S
Martin
supplying fire extinguishers to the U.S.

government and defense agencies. By
1997, Metalcraft had become an international company. It currently has a staff
of over 50 employees, with an extensive
global sales and distribution network.
Obituary:
Elmer Morley: 1930 2015
Maritime Professional Training Founder
Elmer Morley, MPTs founder, long
time chief engineering instructor, father, grandfather, great grandfather, and
husband lost his battle with pancreatic
cancer last month. He founded Maritime
Professional Training in 1983.
Retlif Expands Into North Carolina
Retlif Testing Laboratories has expanded with a new location in Concord,
North Carolina. The new laboratory is in
answer to the growing regional need for
testing services and is the result of two
years of searching for an ideal location.
The new laboratory is initially offering pre-compliance evaluation Electromagnetic Interference/Electromagnetic
Compatibility services, including EMI,
EMC, Lightning testing and Electrostatic
Monnell
Discharge (ESD). The EMI test standard

for the Department of Defense is MILSTD-461, while the EMI test standard
for the Commercial Aviation Industry
is RTCA DO-160. Other available services include ESS regulatory consulting
and documentation, as well as extensive
engineering services. The address of
the new Retlif laboratory is 7140 Weddington Road, Suite 140, Concord, NC,
28027 USA. Phone: 704 787 8474.
Master Mariner Quain Joins Hill
Dickinsons Shipping Team
Hill Dickinson said that Captain Joe
Quain, formerly of Bentleys Stokes and
Lowless, will be joining the firm as a
partner in the Singapore office with effect from September 1, 2015, bringing
the firms strength of Master Mariner
lawyers to six in total. Tony Goldsmith,
partner and master mariner who heads
the Singapore office, said: As a solicitor and Master Mariner of 20 years experience, Joes expertise in all aspects
of Admiralty work can only strengthen
our existing commitment to provide our
clients with the highest standard of legal
advice.
BMT Nigel Gee Reaches 1000th Project Milestone

BMT Nigel Gee (BMT), a subsidiary of BMT Group
Ltd, and a leading independent naval architecture and
marine engineering design consultancy, is celebrating
its latest achievement in securing its 1000th project
which will involve the delivery of detailed production
engineering for a ferry machinery conversion. John
Bonafoux, Managing Director of BMT Nigel Gee
comments:
Reaching our 1000th project is a massive achieve-
ment and Im extremely proud of how far weve come.

Our first ever project seems such a long time ago now,
but I still remember it well. It was a new ferry design
and both Nigel Gee and I were burning the candles
at both ends, ensuring the delivery of the project and
ever since then the company has gone from strength
to strength.
Operating across four principal market sectors, the
naval architectural practice delivers design and engi-
neering services for specialized vessels in the commercial, yacht, defense and offshore energy markets.
With 62 live projects, BMT made an exciting start
to the year with current contracts equating to a total
vessel length of nearly 2600m, spreading across 13
countries, over three continents. The company also
recently announced the completion of new offices
in Southampton to meet this large increase in design
work.
(L to R): Members of the Nigel

Gee and Associates team in 1986;
Members of the current BMT Nigel
Gee team; and 21m windfarm support vessel Trearddur Bay.
72
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Pulsifer
Bekkens: Big Win for Harding

Statoil awarded Harding a contract for
delivery of the nine free-fall lifeboats
needed for phase 1 of the Johan Sverdrup North Sea development. This order is a solid validation of the quality of
our products, the competency and commitment demonstrated by all our employees, and the effects of the significant
restructuring which we have implemented in order to strengthen our competitive edge in a tough market, said Styrk
Bekkenes, CEO, Harding. The contract
comprises nine FF1200-lifeboats, with
nine corresponding LA 1200 SU davits.
Webb Welcomes Martin
Webb Institute announced Michael T.
Martin, PE as the Assistant Professor
of Electrical Engineering. Prof. Martin
has more than 23 years of experience
as a marine electrical engineer with a
broad background in electrical systems
including, electrical propulsion, power
generation, power distribution, lighting
systems, communications, navigation,
and internal communication systems.
For the past five years, Prof. Martin has
been the Vice President and principal
engineer at Marine Design Dynamics,
Inc.
EMS Appoints Monnell
Electronic Marine Systems Inc., EMS,
has appointed Ron Monnell as National Sales Manager. Ron comes to EMS
with over 35 years of Marine Sales experience in the commercial and military
sectors of the U.S. Marine Industry. Ron
will be responsible for developing new
opportunities for the EMS automation
line of products in the U.S. Ron will be
based in Florida.
Goley Signs on as Director at SBI
SAFE Boats International (SBI) announced that Rob Goley has joined the
company as its new Business Development Director U.S. Federal Programs.
Goley comes to SBI as a recently retired
20-year veteran of the U. S. Coast Guard
(USCG).
Eddings
Port of Seattle Names Interim

Maritime Division MD
Lindsay Pulsifer, general manager of
marine maintenance for the Port of Seattle, has been selected as the interim
maritime division managing director.
Braemar Appoints Eddings
In announcing plans to restructure its
offshore and dynamic positioning (DP)
operations in the U.K. and U.S., maritime engineering consultancy Braemar
Engineering appointed Kyle Eddings to
a new role within the company. Eddings
will now take overall responsibility for
global DP and offshore projects, with
functions coordinated between Braemar
Engineerings U.K. head oiffice in Maldon, Essex; Aberdeen, Scotland; and
Houston, Texas.
Alphatron Hires Regional Manager
Alphatron Marine appointed Erik van
Boom as country manager for the Euro
border region Scheldemonden. In his
new role, van Boom will leverage more
than 25 years of experience in the maritime navigation and communication sector to help support the growth of Alphatron Marine.
Pon, Parcom Purchase Imtech
Pon Holdings and Parcom Capital announced they have agreed to buy Imtech
Marine, the marine division of Dutch
engineering services company Royal
Imtech who has been declared bankrupt.
No monetary figures have been shared.
The final details of the takeover are yet
to be worked out. Imtech Marine presently employs nearly 2,500 staff at almost 100 offices in 30 countries.
Matson Appoints Wagner
Matson, Inc. appointed Keoni Wagner as
director of corporate communications,
succeeding Jeff Hull, who is retiring
from Matson after a 33-year career with
the company. Wagner will report to Matt
Cox, president and CEO, and is based at
Matsons corporate office in Oakland,
Calif. Wagner most recently served as
BMT Designers & Planners
Matson
Alphatron
Braemar
Port of Seattle
SBI
Goley
van Boom
Wagner
Skvarla
public information officer and spokesman for Oakland International Airport.

Skvarla Named President
BMT Designers & Planners, a subsidiary of the maritime design, engineering
and risk management consultancy BMT
Group, has announced the promotion
of Kai Skvarla to President. Formerly
Vice President of Strategic Planning
with BMT for the past five years, Kai
will now concentrate on developing new
commercial markets for the firm to generate sustained growth.
Sheklin to Serve on MERPAC
Seaworthy Industries, LLC said that
Managing Partner, Michael A. Sheklin
has received a federal appointment from
Secretary Jeh Charles Johnson to serve
on the Merchant Marine Personnel Advisory Committee (MERPAC). Sheklin
brings to this office more than 40 years
of experience in the maritime industry.
A professional mariner, holding a U.S.
Coast Guard Masters License, he is a
graduate of the State University of New
York Maritime College and has pursued
a career in the marine business that includes marine operations, technical
management, ship surveys and inspections, marine investigations, training
and safety. He is currently a managing
partner of Seaworthy Industries, LLC.
BCG Donates Simulation Software
Maritime training solutions provider
Buffalo Computer Graphics Inc. (BCG)
has donated its Enhanced Graphical
User Interface (GUI2) simulation software to the U.S. Naval Academy Foundation in Annapolis, Md. for distribution
to the academys seamanship and navigation department. BCGs donation included four software licenses to support
past donations from Northrup Grumman
Corporation of the Navys Electronic
Chart Display and Information System
(ECDIS) to train midshipmen on the
charting system they will encounter
once they graduate and move out to the
fleet.
Plebe Ellen Walker

Acceptance Honor.
USMMA Welcomes Class of 2019

The U.S. Merchant Marine Academy
(USMMA) at Kings Point welcomed
243 plebe candidates of the Class of
2019 into the Regiment of Midshipmen as they took USMMAs Corps
of Cadets Oath administrated by Rear
Admiral James A. Helis, Ph.D., Superintendent of USMMA, during the
Acceptance Day Ceremony and Parade. They were then sworn in as midshipmen in the U.S. Navy Reserve by
Rear Admiral Mark R, Whitney, Deputy Commander, Logistics, Maintenance and Industrial Operations Naval
Sea Systems Command. Acceptance
Day marks the transition of the plebe
candidates to plebes. The Class of
2019 officially arrived on June 30,
2015. The congressionally-nominated
plebe candidates began a rigorous, 20day regimen of academic, military, and
physical training known as Indoctrination their first step toward becoming
future leaders and licensed merchant
marine officers. After administering
the oath to the newest Navy reservists,
Rear Admiral Whitney discussed the
leadership challenges they will face.
There are two key parts to trust that
every leader must have: positional
and earned. He told the plebes that
as graduates of the Merchant Marine
Academy, they will have a definite advantage by the experiences they will
have through their time here.
www.marinelink.com
MR #9 (66-73).indd 73
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BUYERS DIRECTORY
74
This directory section is an editorial feature published in every issue for the convenience of the readers of MARITIME REPORTER. A quick-reference readers
guide, it includes the names and addresses of the worlds leading manufacturers and suppliers of all types of marine machinery, equipment, supplies and services. A listing is provided, at no cost for one year in all issues, only to companies with continuing advertising programs in this publication, whether an advertisement appears in every issue or not. Because it is an editorial service, unpaid and not part of the advertisers contract, MR assumes no responsibility for errors. If
you are interested in having your company listed in this Buyers Directory Section, contact Mark OMalley at momalley@marinelink.com
MARITIME REPORTER & ENGINEERING NEWS SEPTEMBER 2015
Buyers Directory MR SEPT 15.indd 74
9/8/2015 1:09:35 PM
MR
Employment
www.MaritimeJobs.com
ENGINEER INSTRUCTOR NEEDED for

our Alabama Campus. Civilian or
military experience working steam
propulsion, boiler systems, or nuclear
power systems is a must. Please send
resume to hqstaff@seaschool.com
TROPICAL SHIPPING USA, the Premier Logistics Company in the maritime industry is seeking
to ll the position of Marine Engineering Manager at our facility in West Palm Beach, Florida.
RESPONSIBILITIES:
Supervision of mechanics and technical direction for our in-house repair shop; scheduling of
vessel maintenance and repairs; conducting voyage repairs and dry dockings; assisting with the
department budget.
REQUIREMENTS:
Minimum BS degree in Marine Engineering or a related eld and a Marine Engineers License
with several years sailing experience on Motor vessels (over 4,000 HP). Previous shore side
supervisory experience for the repair and maintenance of vessels is preferred but not required.
Valid drivers license and valid passport with a willingness to travel internationally as needed.
COMPENSATION & BENEFITS:
Highly Competitive Salary commensurable with candidates experience and skills. Attractive
benets package that includes healthcare, dental, 401k prot sharing plan, paid vacations,
company paid holidays, and annual incentive bonuses. Full Relocation offered. The ideal candidate will have excellent scope for career development as well as exposure to the International
Business environment.
Interested applicants with updated resume should:

Apply online on the CAREER link at www.Tropical.com
Tropical Shipping USA, LLC is an Equal Opportunity Employer
MaritimeJobs.com is the worlds #1

ranked recruiting site for the
maritime industry.
Let the Power of the worlds

largest maritime Network
work for you!
The Maritime Pofessional family now encompasses print, mobile apps, email and
the industrys top websites. Download our
app, subscribe to our newsletters and visit
our websites for all late breaking news,
insights and job openings.
WWWMARITIMEPROFESSIONALCOMsWWWMARITIMEJOBSCOM
WWW.MARINELINK.COM
Class MR SEPT 2015.indd 75
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9/8/2015 9:41:41 AM
MR
Professional
www.MaritimeProfessional.com
NAVAL ARCHITECTURE
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MARINE ENGINEERING
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GILBERT ASSOCIATES, INC.

Naval Architects
and Marine Engineers
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Regulatory Liaison
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Neptune Beach, Florida 32266
(904) 221-7447 s www.laypitman.com
Established in 1854
C R A N D A L L
DRY DOCK ENGINEERS, INC.
s#ONSULTINGs$ESIGNs)NSPECTION
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E-mail: inbox@jwgainc.com
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ABS Approved Ambient

Environmental Testing
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1 Galleria Blvd. Ste 907 Metairie, LA 70001
Phone (504) 818-0377 x 33 Fax (504) 818-0447
www.hab-cert.com
76
9/8/2015 9:42:07 AM
MR
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MR SEPT 2015 Ad Index:Layout 1 9/9/2015 2:09 PM Page 1
ADVERTISER INDEX
Page#
Advertiser
Website
Phone #
Page#
Advertiser
Website
Phone #
American VULKAN Corporation . . . . . . .www.vulkan.com . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(863) 324-2424
13
Louisiana Cat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .www.louisianacat.com . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(866) 843-7440
60
Anchor Maine & Supply, Inc . . . . . . . . . .www.anchormarinehouston.com . . . . . . . .(713) 644-1183
Man Diesel & Turbo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .www.mandieselturbo.com . . . . . . .Please visit our website
51
Blank Rome Maritime . . . . . . . . . . . . . .www.BlankRomeMaritime.com . . . .Please visit our website
60
Maritime Associates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .www.marinesigns.com . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .775-832-2422
63
Cimolai Technology SPA . . . . . . . . . . . .www.cimolaitechnology.com . . . . .011 39 049 9404539
44
Nord-Lock, Inc. / Superbolt, Inc. . . . . . .www.superboldt.com . . . . . . . . . . .Please visit our website
Citgo Petroleum-Clarion . . . . . . . . . . . . .www.ClarionEnviroSafety.com . . . . . . . . .855-MY-CLARION
53
Omnithruster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .www.omnithruster.com . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(330) 963-6310
21
Click Bond Inc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .www.clickbond.com . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(775) 885-8000
11
Parker Water Purification . . . . . . . . . . . .www.parker.com/watermakers . . . . . . . .1 (800) C-Parker
57
D&W Marine Systems Management . . .www.dwmsm.com . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(972) 345-5525
49
R. M. Young Company . . . . . . . . . . . . . .www.youngusa.com . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(231) 946-3980
49
DCL Mooring and Rigging . . . . . . . . . . .www.dcl-usa.com . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(800) 228-7660
23
RSC Bio Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .www.rscbio.com . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(800) 661-3558
62
Europort 2015 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .www.europort.nl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Please visit us online
35
Schottel, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .www.schottel.com . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(985) 346-8302
22
Floscan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .www.floscan.com . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(206) 524-6625
17
SEL Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories . . .www.selinc.com/rtds-mr9 . . . . . . . . .(509) 339-2700
Furuno USA, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .www.FurunoUSA.com . . . . . . . . . . .Please visit our website
55
Sohre Turbomachinery, Inc. . . . . . . . . . .www.sohreturbo.com . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(413) 267-0590
29
Gea Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .www.gea.com . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(800) 722-6622
45
Steel of West Virginia, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . .www.swvainc.com . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(800) 828-6848
25
Gibbs and Cox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .www.gibbscox.com . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(703) 416-3600
C2
The Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .www.theswitch.com . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Please visit us online
39
Glosten . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .www.glosten.com . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (206) 624-7850
27
Thordon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .www.ThordonBearings.com . . . . . .Please visit our website
49
H.O. Bostrom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .www.hobostrom.com . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(262) 542-0222
C4
Trans Marine Propulsion Systems, Inc. .www.transmarine.org . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(813) 830-9180
33
Holdtight Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .www.holdtight.com . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(800) 319-8802
39
TTS MARINE INC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .www.ttsgroup.com . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(281) 227-5999
41
Howell Laboratories, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . .www.howelllabs.com . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(207) 647-3327
22
Tube-Mac Piping Technologies Ltd. . . . .www.tube-mac.com . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(877) 643-8823
31
IGS Generon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .www.igs-global.com . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(713) 937-5200
31
Walz & Krenzer, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .www.mapecoproducts.com . . . . . . . . . . .(203) 267-5712
19
Japan Radio Company . . . . . . . . . . . . .www.jrcamerica.com . . . . . . . . . . . . .Please visit us online
47
World Energy Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . .www.worldenergyreports.com . . . . . . . . .(212) 477-6700
KVH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .www.kvh.com/one_mr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(401) 847-3327
33
ZF Marine LLC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .mr.zfmarinecc.com . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Please visit us online
23
Lifting Gear Hire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .www.lgh-usa.com/mtr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(800) 878-7305
The listings above are an editorial service provided for the convenience of our readers. If you are an advertiser and would like to update or modify any of the above information, please contact: productionmanager@marinelink.com
80 MARITIME REPORTER & ENGINEERING NEWS SEPTEMBER 2015
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9/2/2015 11:58:54 AM

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The Worlds Largest Circulation Marine Industry Publication The Information Authority for the Global Marine Industry

NUMBER 9 / VO LUME 77 / S EP TEMBER 2015

( Silke Stuckenbrock/Silke Photo 2008/Marine Photobank)

(Copyright: iStock image)

BART OTTEN, UNITED TECHNOLOGIES

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Vice President, Sales

tumbles in the global energy markets have created

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