Periodic table[edit]

Main article: Periodic table

Periods[edit]
Main article: Period (periodic table)
Periods 1, 2 and 3[edit]
H He Li Be B C N O F Ne Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
EASIEST AND
POPULAR : *Hi He Lied Because Boron Could Not Oxidize Fluorine. New Nati
ons Might Also Sign Peace Security Clause. Arthur King Can. (till Ca)
Little Ben Became Charlies Number One Fighting Nemesis.
Native Magpies Always Sit Peacefully Searching Clear Areas.[2]
Happy Henry Likes Beer But Could Not Obtain Four Nuts.
Naughty Magpies Always Sing Perfect Songs Clawing Ants.[3]
Here He Lies Beneath Bed Clothes, Nothing On, Feeling Nervous.
Naughty Margaret Always Sighs, "Please Stop Clowning Around."[4]
Hi Hello Little Beryll Brown Cracking Nuts On Friday .
Nellie's Naughty Magpie Always Sings Pop Songs Clearly
After Killing Cathy.[4]
Hi! He
Lies Because Boron CanNot Oxidize Fluorine. Necromantic Nato Mg (abbv. for
make good)
All Silicon Ports. Superman Clean Argon's K-Capture.[5]
Happy Harry Listens B B C
Network Over France Nevertheless Nothing More Arose So Peter Stopped Clea
ning Airgun K Ca.[6]
Harry Helped Little Benny Balmer Carry Neat Oranges From Neptune's Natural
Menagerie Always Singing Polite Sonnets Clearly Arf Key Casually.
Harry Helpes Little Betty Brown Crack Nuts On Friday Nights.
Ha. Healthy Little Beggar Boys Catching Newts Or Fish.[7]
Hell, Here Little Beatniks Brandish Countless Number Of Flick kNives.[8]
Nagging Maggie Always Sighs, "Please Stop Clowning Around."

[4]

(adapted)

Period 4[edit]
K (Potassium) Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
PoKey Captain Scans Tight Virgin Crew Members Fer Cold Night Cuddles. Zany
Gray Germs Are Sold By Kremlin.
In reverse order: Kry Brother! SeAs of Germany and Gaul sink
copper ships Nice and Cold From Manx to Crimea, Vancouver to Timor,
and Scandinavia to the CaliforniaKoast.[9]
Transition metals[edit]
Main article: Transition metals
First[edit]
Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn
Scary Tiny Vicious Creatures Mean Females Come Nightly to Club Z.[10]
Scabby Tim Violates Crummy, Mangy, Ferrets, Cows and Nice Cute Zebras.[11]
Second[edit]
Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd
Yes S(Z)ir, Nob. Most Technicians Rub Rod's Pale Silver Cadillac.[10]
Third[edit]
La ... Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg
Larry's Half Taken, Wendy Reached Out H(I)er Plate Audibly, Helga.[10]
Lanthanides and actinides[edit]
Main articles: Lanthanides and actinides
Lanthanides[edit]
(La) Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
Lame Celibate Prudes Need Promiscuous Smut
with European Gods. Troublesome Dying Ho, it's Erotic Time, You bitch Lust!
Ladies Can't Put Nickels Properly in Slotmachines. Every Girl Tries Daily, However, Every Time You Look.[12]
Languid Centaurs Praise Neds Promise
of Small European Garden Tubs; Dinosaurs Hobble Erratically Thrumming Yello
w Lutes.[13]

Actinides[edit]
(Ac) Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
Radiant Acting Thoroughly Protects yoUr Nepotism, Plutocratic America Curesme & Berkeley California, Einstein Firmly Mended Noble Lawreins.[14]
Three Planets: Uranus, Neptune,
and Pluto. Amy Cured Berkeley, California. Einstein
and Fermi Made Noble Laws.[10]
56 elements in sequence[edit]
He Li Be B C N O F Ne Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
Cs Ba
Here Lies Benjamin Bones. Cry Not Oh Friend Needlessly.
Nature Magnifies All Simple People Sometimes Clowns And
Kings Can Scream Till Vast Crowds Moan. Fear Conquers Neither Courageous
Zealous
Gallant Gents. As
Seen Brown Karate Robes Strip Yobs. Zurich Noble Mortals Track Ruddy Rhub
arb. Paid Silver Candid
Indian Sons Sobbing Tears In Xcess Cease Bawling.[5]
Groups[edit]
Main article: Group (periodic table)
Group 1 (alkali metals)[edit]
H Li Na K Rb Cs Fr
Hydrogen, Lithium, Sodium, Potassium, Rubidium, Cesium, Francium
Highly Nasty Kids Rub Cat's Fur.[10]
Happy Little Nasty Kids Rub Cat's Fur
Group 2 (alkaline earth metals)[edit]
Be Mg Ca Sr Ba Ra
Beryllium, Magnesium, Calcium, Strontium, Barium, Radium
Bearded Muggers Came Straight Back Rapidly.

Beer Mugs Can Serve Bar Rats.[10]

Group 13[edit]
B Al Ga In Tl
Boron, Aluminum, Gallium, Indium, Thallium
Boring Aluminum Galleys Indigestible Tally-list.[14]
Bears Always Give Indians Trouble.[10]
B A G I T (bag it)
Bounding Alligator's Gates Increase Terribly
Bring All Gas In Thailand
BaAl Gangadhar Indian Tilak
Boys And Gals In Toilet
Group 14[edit]
C Si Ge Sn Pb
Carbon, Silicon, Germanium, Tin, Lead
Can Silly Germans Snatch (Tiny) Public (Lead).
Can Simple Germans Snare (Tiny) Public (Lead)?[10]
Chemistry Sir Gives Snappy Problems.
Group 15 (pnictogens)[edit]
N P As Sb Bi
Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Arsenic, Antimony, Bismuth
New Popes Assign Subordinate Bishops.[10]
Non-Profit As anti-money Business. *
Group 16 (chalcogens)[edit]
O S Se Te Po
Oxygen, Sulphur (or Sulfur), Selenium, Tellurium, Polonium
Oversized Sailors Sell and Tell about Polo cologne.
Old TSangpo Seem Terribly Polluted.[10]
Oliver Smith Sells Tea Pots.

Group 17 (halogens)[edit]
F Cl Br I At
Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine, Astatine
Fleeing Chlorine-layers & Bromine, Id Astonish.[14]
Funny Clowns Broil Innocent Ants.[10]
Fish Can't Breathe In Air.[citation needed]
Group 18 (noble gases)[edit]
He Ne Ar Kr Xe Rn
Helium, Neon, Argon, Krypton, Xenon, Radon
Hero Needs Arguable Kryptic Xes. Right-on.[14]
He Never Arrived; Karen eXited with Ron.[10]
Properties of elements[edit]
Abundance of elements on earth's crust[edit]
Oxygen > Silicon > Aluminum > Iron (Fe) > Calcium > Magnesium
(Mg) > Sodium (Na) > Potassium (K)
(The rest makes only 1%)
Oh S(i)ee Al Fee Cah Mig NacK.[15]
Activity series of metals[edit]
Main article: Reactivity series
Potassium>Sodium>Calcium>Magnesium>Aluminium>(Carbon)*>Zinc>Iron
>Lead>Hydrogen>Copper>Silver>Gold
Please Stop Calling Me A Cute Zebra I Like Her Call Smart Goat

[16]

Note that Carbon is a non-metal, used as a baseline.

K > Na > Mg > Al > Zn > Cr > Fe > Pd > H > Cu > Au
Kangaroos Naturally Muck About in Zoos For Purple Hippos Chasing Aardvarks.
[17]

Katty's Naughty Cat Mingled with Alice

and Zarina; Fearlessly Plundering Her Cupboard of Gold.[18]
Potassium > Sodium > Calcium > Magnesium > Aluminum > Zinc > Iron

> Lead > Copper > Silver > Gold.

Peter Sells Careless Monkeys And Zebras In Large Cages Securely Guarded
Potassium > Sodium > Calcium > Magnesium > Aluminum > Zinc > Iron
> Tin > Lead > Hydrogen > Copper > Mercury > Silver > Gold > Platinum
Papa Said Call Me After Zinc Interacts Tin Leading Hydrogen Co-operate Mr.
Sylvester to Gain Popularity.[19]
Potassium > Sodium > Calcium > Magnesium > Aluminum > Carbon > Zinc
> Iron > Tin > Lead > Hydrogen > Copper > Mercury > Silver
Private Second Class MAC ZITL He Can Make Some Gun Powder
Pleasant Spaniards Caper Magnificently Around Crowned Zulus In The Lieu
(of) Highly Competent Swedish Goats
K > Na > Ca > Mg > Al > C > Zn > Fe > Ni > Sn > Pb > H > Cu > Ag > Au >Pt
Pretty(Potassium) Sally(Sodium) Could(Calcium) Marry(Magnesium) A(Aluminui
m) Crazy(Carbon) Zulu(Zinc) IN(Iron/Nickel) Tree(Tin) Lined(Lead) House(Hydro
gen)Causing(Copper) Strangely(Silver) Glancing(Gold) People(Platinum).
Electronegativity[edit]
Main article: Electronegativity
Fluorine > Oxygen > Nitrogen >Clorine > Bromine > Iodine > Sulphur >
Carbon > Hydrogen Phosphorus
Pronounce: FONClBrISCHP.[15]
FONe CalL Brought to India,Sonias Congress Happy Position
(F)irst (O)ff, (Cl)ean (N)ow; (Br)ing (I)n (S)ome (C)aps, (H)alters, and (P)ants.
Electrochemical series[edit]
Main article: Standard electrode potential (data page)
Potassium > Calcium > Sodium > Magnesium > Aluminium > Zinc > Iron
> Tin > Lead > Hydrogen > Copper > Silver > Gold
Paddy Could Still Marry A Zulu In The Lovely Honolulu Causing Strange Gazes.
[20]

Reactions and ions[edit]

Redox reactions[edit]

A redox reaction is a chemical reaction in which there is a change in oxidation

state of atoms participating in the reaction.
Ions[edit]
An atom (or ion) whose oxidation number increases in a redox reaction is said to
be oxidized (and is called a reducing agent). It is accomplished by loss of one or
more electrons. The atom whose oxidation number decreases gains (receives)
one or more electrons and is said to be reduced. This relation can be
remembered by the following mnemonics.
Leo says Ger! or Leo the lion, Ger! can be used to represent Loss of electron
is oxidation; Gain of electron is reduction.[21][22]
Oil Rig: Oxidation is loss; Reduction is gain (of electrons).[23]
Cations and anions[edit]
Cations are positively (+) charged ions while anions are negatively () charged.
This can be remembered with the help of the following mnemonics.
Cats have paws Cations are pawsitive.[24]
Ca+ion: The letter t in cation looks like a + (plus) sign.[25]
An anion is a negative ion. (Anegativeion Anion).[26]
Cation vs. anion: positive vs. negative[edit]
The t in cation looks like a plus sign: "ca+ion".
Cation is positive, anion is negative.[27]
Oxidation vs. reduction:electrochemical cell and electron gain/loss[edit]
AN OIL RIG CAT:
At the ANode, Oxidation Involves Loss of electrons.
Reduction Involves Gaining electrons at the CAThode.[28]
Electrodes[edit]
An electrode in which oxidation takes place is called an anode while in that which
reduction takes place is called cathode. This applies for
both electrolytic and electrochemical cells, though the charge on them reverses.
The red cat and an ox mnemonics are useful to remember the same.
Red cat: Reduction at cathode
An ox: Anode for oxidation.[29]
The words oxidation and anode, both begin with vowels.

Also, both reduction and cathode begin with consonants.[26]

Fat Cat: electrons flow From Anode To Cathode
Compounds[edit]
Diatomic molecules[edit]
Molecules exhibiting diatomic structures can be remembered through the
following mnemonics.
Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine
I Have No Bright Or Clever Friends.
I Bring Clover For Our New Horse.
Have No Fear Of Ice Cold Beer.

[30]

Help Our Needy Class Find Brains Immediately.

Horses Need Oats For Clear Brown Eyes (I's).
Her Nana's Only Functioning Clicker Broke Instantly.[31]
BrINClHOF: say Brinkelhof.[32]
HONClBrIF The name of the imaginary chemistry goose. Say "Honk-Cool-Brief."
I Bring Clay For Our New House.[10]
Have No Fear Of Cute, Innocent Baby twins.
Hydrogen bonds[edit]
Hydrogen forms hydrogen bonds with three elements which are nitrogen (N),
oxygen (O) and fluorine (F). The names of these elements can be remembered
by the following mnemonic.
Hydrogen is FON! (fun).[26]
ate ions[edit]
Sulfate, Phosphate, Carbonate, Chlorate, Bromate, Iodate, Nitrate
Super Popeye Constantly Clubbed Brutus In Nevada.[33]
Nitrate, Bromate, Carbonate, Iodate, Chlorate, Chromate, Sulfate, Phosphate
Nick Brit the Camel ate an Inky Clam with Crpes for Supper in Phoenix.
Number of consonants denotes number of oxygen atoms. Number of vowels
denotes negative charge quantity. Inclusion of the word "ate" signifies that each
ends with the letters a-t-e

Organic chemistry[edit]
Carboxylic acids[edit]
Common names of homogeneous aliphatic carboxylic acids,
Formic, Acetic, Propionic, Butyric, Valeric, Caproic
Frogs Are Polite, Being Very Courteous.[34]
Dicarboxylic acids[edit]
The sequence of dicarboxylic acids can be remembered with following
mnemonics.
Oxalic, Malonic, Succinic, Glutaric, Adipic, Pimelic, Suberic, Azelaic, Sebacic
Oh My Such, Good Apples.[35]
Oh My Stars, Green Apples.
Oh My, Such Good Apple Pie, Sweet As Sugar.[36][37]
Oh My Stars, Go Ahead Please[26]
Aromatic compounds[edit]
m-directing groups[edit]
Quaternary
amino

Ester

Sulfonic
acid

(-NR3+)

(-COOR) (-SO3H)

Nitro

Carbonyl Carboxyl Cyano

(-NO2)

(-CHO)

(-COOH)

(-CN)

Queen Elizabeth Second's Navy Commands, Controls, Communicates.[38]

o,p-directing groups[edit]
Alkyl

Halogen

Alkoxyl

Amino

(R)

(X)

(OR)

(-NH2

-NHR

-NR2)

Hydroxyl

Amide

Phenyl

(OH)

(NHCOR

(C6H5)

AHA AHA P.[38]

Note: -NH2,-NHR and NR2 are para directing groups but not -NR3+
E-Z notation for isomers[edit]
Main article: E-Z notation
"Zame Zide. Epposite.":
Z is the 2 functional groups on the same side of double bond.

E is for opposite sides.[39]

Cistrans isomerism[edit]
Main article: Cistrans isomerism
Cis starts with a C and the functional groups form a C.
Trans, therefore is the other one by default.. [40]
Benzene ring: order of substitutes[edit]
"Benzene likes to ROMP":
From R group moving around the ring:
R group
Ortho
Meta
Para.[41]
Biochemistry[edit]
Essential amino acids[edit]
Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Serine, Tyrosine, Glycine, Alanine, Cysteine, Gluta
mate, Asparate, Arginine, Glutamine, Histadine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Th
reonine,Tryptophan, Valine, Histidine, Asparagine, (Selenocysteine - usually
omitted)
PVT TIM HaLL[42] and TT HALL Very IMPortant.[43]
LIFT HIM KIW(V)I
TV FILM HW(R)K.
Any Help In Learning These Little Molecules Proves Truly Valuable.[44] This
method begins with the two amino acids that need some qualifications as to their
requirements.
There as [a] fat man [that] hated vanilla icing, [but] loved Kit-Kats.
Krebs cycle[edit]
To remember Krebs cycle (citric acid cycle, tricarboxylic acid cycle);
Citrate Aconitate Isocitrate Oxalosuccinate -Ketoglutarate
Succinate Fumarate Malate Oxaloacetate
Caesars Armies Invaded Other Kingdoms Searching For Many Oranges.[15]

Citric Acid Is One Key Substrate For Mitochondrial Oxidation

Plant nutrients[edit]
To remember the elements necessary for agriculture;
Carbon, Hydrogen, Calcium, Iron (Fe), Magnesium (Mg), Manganese (Mn),
Copper (Cu), Molybdenum, Chlorine (Cl), Boron
C (see) Hopkins CaFe, Mighty-good Man, Cu (see your) Money, hope they
are Closed or out of Business.[45]
For remembering macronutrients;
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Nitrogen, Sulfur, Calcium,
Iron (Fe), and Magnesium
C. HOPKiN'S CaFe Mg (C. Hopkins coffee mug).