(b) small-oil-volume CB ;

(c) air blast (CB );

(d) air break (under atmospheric pressure) CB ;
(e) compressed gas (air or sulphur hexafluorid) CB.
Oil circuit-breaker is used throughout the whole range of
voltages and powers, but especially below 66 kV . The small-oilvolume circuit-breaker retains oil as the insulating and
extinguishing medium, but the circuit-breaking compartment is
separated from the link mechanism compartment . Such
separation permits of reduced clearances since the
carbonization of oil only occurs in the circuit-breaking
compartment , the oil in the link mechanism compartment
staying clean . This design of circuit-breaker has its main
application in the 33 kV to 220 kV voltage range .
The air-blast circuit-breaker is used over a
wide range of voltage up to the highest transmission
voltages, but the need for a reliable supply of
compressed gas at relatively high pressure confines
its use to large installations where many circuitbreakers share the same compressed air supply . It is
also noisy in operation , which makes it unsuitable
for outdoor use in built-up areas, although noise
suppressors are now fitted to most 400 kV units . Airbreak and compressed gas-break circuit-breakers are
mainly used for power station auxiliary supplies , or
1

in distribution , form 3.3 kV to 11KV or in the 40-550

volt range. Typical ratings are in the range 800-3000
amperes , with a breaking capacity of 30 MVA .
Miniature circuit-breakers, widely used in building
installations, are also of air-break type with
magnetic blow-out of the arc .
The use of compressed gas , air of SF6 , not only for
circuit breaking but as an insolent, has further reduced size and
weight of circuit-breakers but with the added complication of
gas tightness . Pressures up to 500 Ib/in2 are used in the circuitbreaking chamber and 100 Ib/in2 for the insulation of live
components .
Vacuum circuit-breakers in which the arc is struck in a
vacuum have been successfully made up to 132 kV , but again
the necessary vacuum pumping equipment is a heavy additional
cost unless it can serve a number of circuit-breakers .
:Single Line Diagram And Layout of The Present 66/11 kV Substation (8.6)

Figure (8.1) presents the single line diagram of the 66/11

kV substation that feeds the residential area in out project .
Figure shows that the substation consists of a sectionalized
double bus bar system fed by six 66 kV cables , two incoming
from the preceding substation in the 66 kV ring and two are
outgoing to the next substation in the ring and remains two 66
kV feeder cells as reserve . The bus bar sections are coupled via
2

a bus coupler consisting of a circuit breaker and two isolating

switches , together with four isolating switches dividing the bus
bars into four sections .
Four 66/11 kV , 35 MVA transformers are fed from the bus
bars , and are connected in parallel groups or each to a
separate section of the bus bars. The transformer connection
circuit to the bus bar , as well as the feeder connection circuit,
consists of a 66 kV circuit breaker with two isolating switches
towards the bus bars and one after the circuit breaker on the
other side .
Current and potential transformers are connected in the
circuits for the objectives of protection and measuring .
The transformers are connected via circuit breakers to the
11 kV sectionalized bus bar . This is cut into four sections
coupled with four bus couplers . Outgoing 11 kV feeders come