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09/18/15
BSIE 1-1
2. Kinds of Metabolism
1. Catabolism
- It is a process that breaks down large molecules and includes
the breaking down and oxidizing food molecules. Its purpose is to
provide the energy and components needed by anabolic reactions.
2. Anabolism
- It is a metabolic process where the energy released by
catabolism is used to synthesize complex molecules.
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolism)
life and covers a wide range. They can exist for minutes or years with an
average lifespan of 12 days in mammalian cells.
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein)
7. What is a peptide?
Peptides are the short chains of amino acid monomers that are linked
by peptide bonds. The shortest peptides are called dipeptides and are
consisted of 2 amino acids joined by a single peptide bond.
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peptide)
2. Arginine
- it is known to be a semi-essential amino acid. Sometimes more is
required than normal production.
3. Asparagine
- It is needed to maintain homeostatic balance in the nervous
system.
4. Aspartic Acid
- Aspartic acid is one of two acidic amino acids belonging to the
group of 20 common amino acids. It promotes enzyme activity,
maintenance of solubility in the body, as well as homeostasis in
ionic characters of proteins.
5. Cysteine
- It is present only at the rate of 2.8% into proteins but it provides
the 3-dimensional stability of the protein molecule.
6. Glutamic Acid
- It is one of the important amino acid among all 20 common amino
acids. It is responsible for transportation of glutamate and other
amino acids to the blood barrier.
7. Glutamine
- Glutamine is able to eliminate excess ammonia from the body
system. It enhances immune system. It also possesses anti-anxiety
property that permits the mind to be relaxed.
8. Glycine
- it is known as the second most common among the group of
amino acids. It helps transforming harmful toxic substances within
the body to a non-toxic form.
9. Histidine
- It is required for infant development. Histidine deficiency may
result in eczema, a kind of skin disease. There are few genetic
disorders that promote non-metabolic state for histidine. This results
in speech disorders and mental retardations among infants and
toddlers.
10. Isoleucine
- This kind of amino acid is particularly important for stimulating the
brain in order to produce mental alertness.
11. Leucine
- It is particularly effective in producing other essential biochemical
compounds in the body. These chemicals are important for
producing bodily energy and mental alertness.
12. Lysine
- Lysine is one of the most important amino acid among all 20
common amino acids. It functions against herpes virus in
particular by providing body required nutritional supplements.
13. Methionine
- It is an essential amino acid which functions at initiating the
translation of messenger RNA.
14. Phenylalanine
- This amino acid profoundly affects brain cells at biochemical level.
15. Proline
- It significantly affects human nutrition. It is believed to act as a
source of nitrogen.
16. Serine
- It is intimately related to various bodily functions such as fat
metabolism, tissue growth, enhancement of immune system and
many more. It is an essential ingredient of brain protein.
17. Threonine
- It helps in maintaining protein balance and also in assisting
collagen formation.
18. Tryptophan
- This is particularly needed in the body for the production of
vitamin B3.
19. Tyrosine
- This is crucial in building link between dopamine and
norepinephrine. It also reduces fat by suppressing appetite.
20. Valine
- It is effective in promoting tissue growth and maintaining nitrogen
balance in the health system.
(http://www.streetdirectory.com/etoday/20-essential-amino-acids-ccjj.html)
9. What is rancidity?
Rancidity is defined as the spoilage of food or the food having a strong
and unpleasant smell.
(http://whfoods.org/genpage.php?tname=dailytip&dbid=356)
10.
(http://catalog.flatworldknowledge.com/bookhub/reader/2547?e=gobch17_s02)
11.
Significance of proteins
12.
(http://www.ask.com/science/biological-significance-proteins11d4e30be9f7f3e5)