411Permutations.

notebook

April11,2011

WarmUp
1)Howmanydifferentpasswordsexistusingfourlowercaseletters
followedbytwodigits(09)?

Permutations 4/11

26x26x26x26x10x10=45,697,600
2)Howmanydifferentpasswordsexistusingfourdistinctlowercase
lettersfollowedbytwodistinctdigits(09)?

26x25x24x23x10x9=32,292,000
3)Howmanydifferentpasswordsexistusingfourlowercaseor
uppercaselettersfollowedbytwodistinctdigits(09)?

52x52x52x52x10x9=658,045,440

Anexclamationmarkisusedtodenotethefactorialoperation.

PermutationApermutationsisusedtodescribeacountingprocedurein

whichordermatters.Apermutationofasetofobjectsisan
arrangementoftheobjectsinacertainorder.

Iftheorderdoesn'tmatter,itisaCombination
"Myfruitsaladisacombinationofapples,grapesandbananas"Wedon't
carewhatorderthefruitsarein,theycouldalsobe"bananas,grapesandapples"
or"grapes,applesandbananas",itsthesamefruitsalad.

Computethefollowing:

1)10!

2)5!x4!

IftheorderdoesmatteritisaPermutation.
"Thecombinationtothesafewas472".Nowwedocareaboutthe
order."724"wouldnotwork,norwould"247".Ithastobeexactly472.

So,weshouldreallycallthisa"PermutationLock"!

3)

4)0!
5)

Therearebasicallytwotypesofpermutation:
RepetitionisAllowed:suchasthelock.Itcouldbe"333".
NoRepetition:forexamplethefirstthreepeopleinarunningrace.
Youcan'tbefirstandsecond.

Example: If a state license plate is composed of

4 digits followed by
3 uppercase letters, how many
license plates are possible if:

a.

letters and digits may be repeated?

10x10x10x10x26x26x26

b.

letters and digits may not be repeated?

10x9x8x7x26x25x24

411Permutations.notebook

Summary:Therearen!waystoarrangenobjectsin
groupsofnatatime.
*PermutationsofallelementsP(n,n)=n!

April11,2011
Example:IfyouhavethreefriendstosendtextmesagestoTaylor,
Justin,andAubrey,howmanydifferentwayscanyoutextyour
friendsifordermatters?

P(3,3)=3!

Example:Whatarethetotalnumberofarrangementsforthefollowingsix
ballsifallballsmustbeused?

Example:Howmanydifferentbattingordersexistforthenine
positionsofabaseballteamwhereanypositioncanbatatanyspot
intheorder?

P(9,9)=9!

Example:Computethenumberofdifferentpermutationsoftheset
{pepperoni,sausage,onions,mushrooms}.

Example:SupposeyouworkatamusicstoreandhavefourCDsyou
wishtoarrangefromlefttorightonadisplayshelf.ThefourCDs
arehiphop,country,rock,andalternative.Howmanyoptionsdo
youhave?

=4!

=4!
Example:Howmanywayscansixdifferentradiocommercialsbe
playedduringaonehourradioprogram?

=6!

Permutations: The number of possible distinct

arrangements (or orders) of "r" objects chosen from
a set of "n" objects is the call the "number of
permutations of n objects taken r at a time" and is
denoted by

n=totalnumberofitemsyouhavefromwhichtochoose
r=thenumberyouareactuallygoingtouse

*Permutationsinvolvingsomeelementsfromthepopulation
Example:Whatarethetotalnumberofarrangementsforthefollowingsixballsif
onlythreeballsmustbeused?

Example:Howmanydifferentwayscanthelettersinthewordriotbe
arranged?

P(4,4)=4!

Example:Youhave9friends,butyouonlyneedtotextthree
ofthemwhenordermatters.Findthenumberofwaystotext
yourfriends.

Example:Howmanydifferentwayscanacitybuilding
inspectorvisitfouroutoffivebuildingsinthecityifshe
visitsthemisaspecificorder?

411Permutations.notebook

April11,2011

1. Suppose that a person planning a banquet cannot decide how

to seat 6 honored guests at the head of a table.
How many different arrangements can they be seated in the six
chairs on one side of the table?

2. Suppose the planner in the last example knows that 8 people

feel they should be seated at the head table, but only 6 spaces are
available.
How many different arrangements can be made that place 6 of the
8 people at the head table?

=6!
P(8,6)=

3.

One hundred people are entered in a race.

Permutationsinvolvingsomeidenticalelements

How many different ways can you have a first place, second place,
and a third place winner?

Example:Whatarethetotalnumberofarrangementsforthefollowing:
3blueballs,2redballs,and1greenball?
4. Eight people go to the movie theater.
How many ways can they be seated in one row (eight seats)?

P(8,8)=8!
5. How many ways can they be seated if Sally
and Betty have to sit by each other?

2!6!(7)

Thetotalnumberofpermutationsforthearrangementofthesixballsis6!,
butthesearenotdistinctpermutations.Thedistinctionbetweenthe
permutationswithinthreeblueballsandalsobetweenthetworedballsis
notpossible,resultinginrepetitionwhichincludesnondistinct
permutations.Inordertoeliminatethisrepetition,thetotalnumberof
permutationsaredividedbythepermutationsoftherepeatedelements.

Example1:HowmanydistinctpermutationscanbemadefromthenameAJAY?

2. How many different ways can the letters in ALGEBRA be

arranged?