Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
Modica.on
Dr.
Javier
G.
Hernandez-Jus2niano
Clinical
Neuropsychologist
ABC
DEL
COMPORTAMIENTO
Antecedentes
Behaviors (Conductas)
Consecuencias
ANTECEDENTS
BEHAVIOR
CONSEQUENCES
Evalua2on
Phase
Evaluate
if
there
is
any
Antecedent
or
Consequences
maintaining
the
maladap=ve
behavior
Interven2on
Phase
Determine
which
Antecedent
or
Consequence
will
be
implemented
to
facilitate
the
adap=ve
behavior
BEHAVIOR
CONSECUENCIAS
ANTECEDENTES
EVENTOS
Factores
en
el
contexto
o
condiciones
que
inuyen
en
la
conducta
Ej.
Deprivacin,
exposicin
a
eventos
placenteros,
etc.
SOLICITUDES
DE
ALTA
PROBABILIDAD
Solicitar
o
dirigir
una
conducta
de
Probabilidad
para
conseguir
una
de
probabilidad
(conducta
deseada)
PROMPTS (Direcciones)
Es.mulo
Delta
Indiscrimina2vo
ASOCIADO
A
NO
-
REFORZAMIENTO
Es.mulo
Discrimina.vo
ASOCIADO
A
REFORZAMIENTO
Principio
PREMACK
Conducta
de
ALTA
probabilidad
DESPUES
DE
Conducta
de
Baja
Probabilidad
Principio
PREMACK
Conducta
de
ALTA
probabilidad
DESPUES
DE
Conducta
de
Baja
Probabilidad
refuerza
la
conducta
Deprivacin
Conductual
Response Depriva2on
Bliss
Points:
are
levels
at
which
you
are
the
happiest
(most
comfortable).
Above
or
below
your
Bliss
Point
mo=vates
you
to
return
to
Equilibrium.
Below
=
the
behavior
will
be
a
reinforcer
Above
=
the
behavior
will
be
a
punisher
Response
Depriva.on:
LOW
PROBABILITY
BEHAVIORS
can
some=mes
reinforce
HIGH
PROBABILITY
BEHAVIORS
(Mazur
1975)
but
you
need
to
know
the
probability
(how
much
the
subject
does
this
naturally
during
the
pre-interven=on
phase)
to
determine
ONE
can
use
to
reinforce
the
other.
Example:
A
rat
runs
in
a
spinning
wheel
for
30
minutes
per
day
which
is
its
preferred
dura=on
of
running.
If
running
=me
is
restricted
(e.g.
10
minutes
per
day)
it
is
unable
to
reach
its
preferred
dura=on
for
that
ac=vity
(response
depriva=on),
the
RAT
will
likely
be
willing
to
WORK
(press
a
lever)
to
obtain
more
TIME
on
the
running
wheel.
So
basically,
a
weak
response
can
be
turned
into
reinforcers
of
strong
responses
through
depriva=on.
60 min
30 minutes
Depriva.on
ConQngent upon
25
min
100
min
Exercise
(now
an
LPB)
Reinforces
Studying
(now
a
HPB)
7
2 episodes
120 min
1 hours
Depriva.on
ConQngent upon
1 episode
30
min
3
hours
Watching
TV
(now
an
LPB)
Reinforces
Studying
(now
a
HPB)
8
Bliss Points
behavioral
goal
Principio
PREMACK
A
schedule
of
reinforcement
Deprivacin
Conductual
Requires
to
determine
the
ra=o
(probability
and
When
BEHAVIOR
is
ABSENT
(infrequent)
SHAPING
Moldeamiento
Refuerza
aproximaciones
sucesivas
hasta
la
conducta
nal.
Refuerza
y
ex=ngue
conductas
Desarrolla
nuevas
conductas
reforzando
aproximaciones.
Comportamiento
nal
remplaza
todo
lo
anterior
CHAINING
Encadenamiento
Forma
conductas
complejas
par=endo
de
otras
pequeas
mas
concisas
(chain).
Usa
prompts
y
refuerzos.
Backward
Chaining:
se
empieza
con
el
l=mo
comportamiento
mas
prximo
a
la
conducta
deseada.
Usa
conductas
que
ya
existen
en
el
repertorio.
Todo
comportamiento
en
la
cadena
permanece,
no
desaparecen
CONDUCTA Y CONTINGENCIA
Behavior
Consequences
Con.ngente
VS
No-Con.ngente
CONTINGENTE
=
inuye
en
la
conducta
CONSECUENCIAS
REFORZAMIENTO
POSITIVO
o
una
consecuencia
posi.va
o
probabilidad
de
conducta
o
Refuerzos
Primarios
o
Refuerzos
Secundarios
o
Generalizacion
de
es.mulos
REFORZAMIENTO
NEGATIVO
o
es.mulo
aversivo
o
Inmediatamente
despues
o
probabilidad
de
conducta
o
Solo
para
algunos
o
Solo
en
algunos
momentos
o
Apaga
el
evento
aversivo
o
Refuerzo
Nega.vo
=
escape
CASTIGO
o
es.mulo
aversivo
o
probabilidad
de
conducta
o
Penalidad
impuesta
o
Tipos
o
Consecuencia
aversiva
o
Remocion
evento
posi.vo
PUNISHMENT
IN
BEHAVIORAL
MODIFICATION
CASTIGO
o
es2mulo
aversivo
o
probabilidad
de
conducta
o
Penalidad
impuesta
o
Tipos
o
Consecuencia
aversiva
o
Remocion
evento
posi2vo
o
Time
OUT
o
Reprimands
o
Response
Cost
o
Overcorrec.on
(Res.tu.on
+
Posi.ve
Prac.ce)
Condicionamiento Operante
Condicionamiento Operante
Review:
PUNISHMENT
Decrease
a
behavior
REINFORCEMENT
INCREASE
a
behavior
POSITIVE
NEGATIVE
POSITIVE
Add
something
posi2ve
to
INCREASE
the
likelihood
of
a
desired
behavior
Add
something
nega=ve
to
DECREASE
the
likelihood
of
an
UNWANTED
behavior
Examples
Reinforcement
Schedules
Examples
Examples
NEGATIVE
HOt
Stove
Rules
Examples
Money
Variable
Interval
no homework
spanking
immediate
2me
out
VacaGonM
Fixed
Interval
arguing
Impersonal
take
away
toys
SGckers
Fixed
RaGo
no pain
Variable
RaGo
no nagging
Candy
Consistent
jail
no
dessert
moral
An
example
of
behavior
modicaQon
applied
to
train
a
puppy.
REVIEW
SETTING
EVENTS
PROMTS
HIGH-PROBABILITY REQUESTS
* FADING
Gradual
removal
or
transi=oning
of
a
prompt.
e.g.,
training
someone
to
serve
in
tennis,
the
1st
prompt
(modeling;
instruc=ons)
is
reduced
to
verbal
cue
hands...
then
eliminate
the
prompt.
Premack
Request
a
LPB
before
the
HPB.
HPB
reinforces
LPB
and
maintain
the
goal
behavior.
e.g.,
You
will
clean
your
room,
and
only
ajer
you
have
done
it,
you
get
to
play
Nintendo
for
30
minutes.
Response
Depriva2on
Determine
two
behaviors
to
pair
and
make
them
con=ngent.
Deprive
the
very
likable
behavior
and
make
it
available
only
ajer
a
pre-determine
amount
of
the
goal
behavior
is
completed.
e.g.,
You
will
study
for
1
hour
to
be
able
to
exercise
for
30
minutes
but
if
you
want
to
exercise
for
1
hour
(the
way
you
like
it)
you
have
to
study
for
2
hours
Posi.ve
Reinforcement
of
Desirable
Behavior
When
POSITIVE
REINFORCEMENT
increase
UNDESIRABLE
BEHAVIOR
Maladap=ve
use
of
Posi=ve
Reinforcement
NEGATIVE
REINFORCEMENT
Its
all
about
WHAT
is
reinforcing
WHICH
subject
and
what
happens
AFTER
the
reinforcement.