Hidd Power Company

Andy Biffen
Executive Managing Director

Discussion Topics

Overview of Hidd Power and

Water Facility

Sustainability of World Energy

Hidd Power Company

100% Privately Owned

Gas Fired Plant (5 x Gas Turbines)

1000MW Installed Electrical Capacity
90 Million Gallons per Day Water Capacity
Supplies 30% of power and 61% of water to Bahrain
20 year contract with Government (EWA)

Electricity and Water in Bahrain

Government
Owned

Privately
Owned
Hidd Power
Company
992 MW
90 MGPD

Sitra Power &

Water Station
(EWA)
125 MW
25 MGPD
Riffa Power
Station (EWA)
700 MW

Ras Abujarjur
RO Plant (EWA)
16.5 MGPD

Al-Ezzel Power
Plant
950 MW
Al-Dur Power &
Water Plant
1234 MW
48 MGPD

Electricity and Water in Bahrain

Government
Owned

Privately
Owned
Hidd Power
Company
992 MW
90 MGPD

Sitra Power &

Water Station
(EWA)
125 MW
25 MGPD
Riffa Power
Station (EWA)
700 MW

Ras Abujarjur
RO Plant (EWA)
16.5 MGPD

Al-Ezzel Power
Plant
950 MW

Gas
Reserves

Al-Dur Power &

Water Plant
1234 MW
48 MGPD

Al Hidd Power and Water Facility

Al Hidd Power and Water Facility

1999 Phase 1
Power Capacity 272 MW
Water Capacity 30 MIGD

Al Hidd Power and Water Facility

2001 Phase 2
Power Capacity 720 MW

Al Hidd Power and Water Facility

2009 Phase 3
60 MIGD Water Capacity
Aux Boilers
Black Start Facility
Potabilization Plant

Business Context
18 Lenders
117 Staff

Owners
MALAKOFF
Government

HPC

EWA
(customer)
BAPCO
(Gas)

Alstom

Suppliers

HPC Co-Generation Cycle

Steam Turbine
Gas Turbine
G

Generator

IP

LP

HRSG

Condenser
Sea Water
Return to Sea

Gas Input

Turbines Hall

Water Production - Basic Distiller

HPC Distillers

Distiller Cycle

Aux
Boiler

Sea Water

Gas Input
MED Heater
Condensate
(Product Water)

MED
Brine to Sea

HPC Co-Generation Cycle

Steam Turbine
Gas Turbine
G

IP

LP

HRSG

Generator

Condenser
Aux
Boiler

Sea Water
Return to Sea

Sea Water

Gas Input
MED Heater
Condensate
(Product Water)

MED
Brine to Sea

HPCs Contribution to Bahrain

98.05 % Availability of Power Generation during
summer 2012
97.84% Availability of Water Capacity during
summer 2012

* Values for 2012

* Summer period = May to September inclusive

HPCs Contribution to Bahrain

Electrical Generation
4,400,000 Mega Watt Hours
30% of Total Electricity Supplies

Water Production
31,000,000,000 Gallons
61% of Annual Water Consumption
Gas Consumption 2.5 Billion Cubic Meters pa
* Values for 2012

The Issue of Bahrains

future Gas Reserves
HPC 2012 Gas Consumption

= 2.5 BCM

Bahrain Annual Gas production

= 12.6 BCM

Bahrain Proven Gas Reserves

= 84.9 BCM

Source: US Energy Information Administration

Is the current trend of world

energy usage sustainable ?

Three Key Issues Relating to Energy

1/
2/
3/

Energy Reserves (sustainability)

Pollution
Global Warming

Three Key Issues Relating to Energy

1/
2/
3/

Energy Reserves (sustainability)

Pollution
Global Warming

Basic Economics
Power Struggles
(global conflicts?)
Human Health Issues
Climate change / Population Shift

High Global Energy Growth!

Between 1990 to 2008 (18years)

Average energy use per person increased 10%

Population increased 27%.
Regional energy from 1990 to 2008
Middle East
China
India
Africa
Latin America
USA
EU

170%
146%
91%
70%
66%
20%
7%

(18 years)

High Global Energy Growth!

Between 1990 to 2008 (18years)

Average energy use per person increased 10%

Population increased 27%.
Regional energy from 1990 to 2008
Middle East
China
India
Africa
Latin America
USA
EU

170%
146%
91%
70%
66%
20%
7%

(18 years)

Overall,
World Energy
grew by 39%

World Population

High Global Energy Growth!

Fuel Types

Its Mostly Solar Energy Anyway!

Most of the world's energy resources are from the conversion
of the sun's rays to other energy forms

Some of that energy has been preserved as fossil energy,

some is directly or indirectly usable; for example, via wind,
hydro- or wave power.

Solar Energy
Total Fossil Fuels remaining
0.4 x 10 24 Joules

Solar Energy
Total Fossil Fuels remaining
0.4 x 10 24 Joules

Total Nuclear Fuel remaining

2.5 x 10 24 Joules

Nuclear

Solar Energy
Total Fossil Fuels remaining
0.4 x 10 24 Joules

Total Nuclear Fuel remaining

2.5 x 10 24 Joules

Annual Solar Flux

3.8 x 10 24 Joules

Nuclear

Solar

Solar Energy
Total Fossil Fuels remaining
0.4 x 10 24 Joules

Total Nuclear Fuel remaining

2.5 x 10 24 Joules

Annual Solar Flux

3.8 x 10 24 Joules
World energy consumption is
growing about 2.3% per year.

Nuclear

Solar

Questions we should ask?

How much energy do you need / use?

How much water do you need / use?

Availability of fossil Fuels?

How long will fossil fuel last? (time line)

Energy Consumption Chain

Natural
Resources

Electricity
Generators

Market

(Conversion)

(Developers)

Consumers

Energy Consumption Chain

Government Policy
Natural
Resources

Electricity
Generators

Market

(Conversion)

(Developers)

Consumers

Energy Consumption Chain

Government Policy
Natural
Resources

Electricity
Generators

Market

(Conversion)

(Developers)

Economics $

Consumers

Energy Consumption Chain

Government Policy
Natural
Resources

Electricity
Generators

Market

(Conversion)

(Developers)

Consumers

Economics $
Other Factors (Culture, Geography, Population)

Energy Consumption Chain

Natural
Resources

Electricity
Generators

Market

(Conversion)

(Developers)

Energy Reserves
Energy Strategy ?
Development of Energy Reserves ?
Import / Export ?
Pricing and Tax ?

Consumers

Energy Consumption Chain

Natural
Resources

Electricity
Generators

Market

(Conversion)

(Developers)

Consumers

Energy Strategy ?
Fuel and Technology Selection ?
Asset Ownership ?
Asset Operation ?
Tariff Policy ?

Energy Consumption Chain

Natural
Resources

Electricity
Generators

Market

(Conversion)

(Developers)

Consumers

Type of Development ?
Building Standards ?
Sustainability ?
Use of New Technology ?

Energy Consumption Chain

Natural
Resources

Electricity
Generators

Market

(Conversion)

(Developers)

Consumers

Energy Efficiency ?
Lifestyle ?
System Upgrading ?
Cost Consideration ?

Distribution of Earths Water

Access to Ground Water

Average Water Use per Person per Year

Breakdown of Fresh Water Use

Domestic 8%

Industrial 70%
Agriculture 70%

Average Water Use per Person per Year

Bahrain = 585 Litre / person / day

Primary Energy Sources

Primary sources of energy consisted of:
Oil
Coal
Natural Gas

34 %
25 %
21 %

Total amounting to an 80 % share for fossil fuels in

primary energy consumption

Primary Energy Sources

Primary sources of energy consisted of:
Oil
Coal
Natural Gas

34 %
25 %
21 %

Total amounting to an 80 % share for fossil fuels in

primary energy consumption
Non-fossil sources included:
Hydroelectric
Nuclear
Others

2.2 %
6.5 %
0.1 %

(geothermal, solar,
tidal, wind, biomass)

Fossil Fuels The Issues

Fossil fuels are non-renewable recourses because
they take millions of years to form, and reserves are
being depleted much faster than new ones are being
made.

Fossil Fuels The Issues

Fossil Fuels The Issues

The production and use of fossil fuels raise
environmental concerns.
The burning of fossil fuels
produces around 21.3
billion tonnes of CO2 per
year.
It is estimated that natural
processes can only absorb
about half of that amount

Fossil Fuels The Issues

World Oil Reserves

World Proven Oil = 1300 Billion Barrels

Gas Producers
2010

Share
2010

1
2

Russia
US

637

19.4%

613

18.7%

Canada

160

4.9%

4
5

Iran
Qatar

145

4.4%

121

3.7%

Norway

107

3.3%

China

97

3.0%

Netherlands

89

2.7%

Indonesia

88

2.7%

10

Saudi Arabia

82

2.5%

Total

3,282

Top ten
bcm = billion cubic meters

65%

65%

Top 10 hard coal importers (Mt)

Top 10 coal producers (Mt)

2010

Share %
2010

2010

China

3,162

44%

Japan

187

US

997

14%

China

157

India

571

8%

South Korea

119

Australia

420

6%

India

88

Indonesia

336

5%

Taiwan

63

South Africa

255

4%

Germany

45

Russia

324

4%

Turkey

27

Kazakhstan

111

2%

UK

26

Poland

134

2%

Italy

22

10

Colombia

74

1%

10

Malaysia

19

Total

7,229

100%

Top ten

88%

88%

Coal is normally consumed

at its origin

World Oil Demand

World Oil Demand

Proven Reserves 1300 Billion Barrels

World Demand = 32 Bill ion Barrels/yr

= 40 years

World Oil Reserves

Source: World Oil and Gas Review 2012

Fossil Fuel Reserves

Years of production left in the ground with the most
optimistic proved reserve estimates.
Oil:

43 years

Natural gas:

167 years

Coal:

417 years

* Source; Oil & Gas Journal, World Oil

Fossil Fuel Reserves

Oil:

43 years

Looking back to 1970 what has changed ?

1970
4 Billion People
280 Million Cars
2013
7.0 Billion People
1,000 Million Cars

Fossil Fuel Reserves

Natural Gas:

167 years

Looking back to 1846 what has changed ?

1850
25 Million People in US
2013
300 Million People in US

The White House, Washington DC

Fossil Fuel Reserves

Coal:

417 years

Looking back to 1600 what has changed ?

1600
5 Million People in UK
2013
62 Million People in UK

Piccadilly Circus - London

Time Line - Earth

The age of the Earth is 4.54 Billion years
Fossil fuels are formed by natural processes such as
decomposition of plants and dead organisms.
The age of fossil fuels is typically millions of years, and
sometimes exceeds 650 million years.

4.5 Billion Year

Today

300 Million Year

4.5 Billion Year

Today

Fossil
Fuel

Issue of Climate Change !

Issue of Energy Reserves !

Summary
The Issues of sourcing tomorrows energy are
already challenging for many countries
Energy reserves are influencing global development
Effects of Climate Change are widely felt and the
cause is generally accepted

What Can We Do ?
The Middle East remains in a development phase, and
an overall exporter of energy.
It is possible that we can benefit from lessons learnt

Implement Energy Policy for the Future

Remove Power and Water Subsidies
Implement Building Standards
Encourage Zero Energy Eco Buildings
Transport Systems
Energy Conservation

What Can We Do ?
The Middle East can use this challenge to emerge as a
leader in the growing sectors of:
Sustainable Development
Energy Management
Energy Conservation

What Can We Do ?
The Middle East can use this challenge to emerge as a
leader in the growing sectors of:
Sustainable Development
Energy Management
Energy Conservation

What Can We Do ?
The Middle East can use this challenge to emerge as a
leader in the growing sectors of:
Sustainable Development
Energy Management
Energy Conservation

HOW ?
Implementation of New Technology
Develop Centres of Excellence
Education of a Young and Growing Population
Help Create a Sustainable Future for Energy

Any Questions ?