Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
fromMunicipalOrganicSolidWastes
RuihongZhang1,PetrosGekas1,Baoning Zhu1, James
Lord2,ChrisChoate2
1 UniversityofCalifornia,Davis
2NorcalWasteSystems,Inc.
MunicipalSolidWaste(MSW)Generationand
ManagementinUnitedStates
Amount
250milliontonsperyear
32%recycled
68%landfilled
Composition
65%Biodegradable(paper,
yardtrimmings,foodscraps,
wood)
35%Nonbiodegradable
(plastic,metals,rubber,glass,
etc.)
US EPA
SeparationofBiodegradableMaterials
fromMSW
Sourceseparationbeforecollection
Separationaftercollection
Mechanicalseparationbydensityandsize
Thermalorbiologicaltreatmentcombinedwith
mechanicalseparation
Thermaltreatment heatingandsteamexplosion
Biologicaltreatment rotatingdrumreactor(RDR)
(commercialnames:Bedminster,Biomixer)
Organics
Raw MSW
Inorganics
OperatingConditionsofRDRProcess
9
Batchorcontinuouswithdailyfeeding
DesirableMoistureContentofFeed:5060%
TemperatureinDrum:5055C
RetentionTime:6hoursto5days
AerationUsingAirBlowers
MSWTREATMENTPLANTSUSINGRDR
OPENED
NO. OF
DRUMS
PLANT
CAPACITY t/d
Big Sandy, TX
1971
30
Pinetop-Lakeside, AZ
1991
75
Sevierville, TN
1992
350
1992
100
Cobb Country, GA
1996
350
Rapid City, SD
1996
220
Sumter County, FL
1997
75
Marlborough, MA
1999
150
Nantucket, MA
1999
100
1999
120
2000
750
Saitama, Japan
2001
60
Hines, AK
2002
30
2002
300
2003
350
Delaware County, NY
2005
100
LOCATION
ResearchGoal
9Developanintegratedtreatmentsystemthat
caneffectivelyseparatetheorganicsfrom
MSWandconvertitintobiogasenergyand
compost.
Trommel screen
RotatingDrum
Reactor
Biogas Energy
MSW
Anaerobic
Digestion
Composting
To landfill
or recycling
ResearchObjectives
9 Characterizetheorganicmaterialsderivedfrom
MSWviaRotatingDrumReactorprocess
9 Determinethebiogasproductionpotentialofthe
organicmaterialsandanalyzethefeasibilityforuse
asfeedstockforanaerobicdigestion.
ResearchApproach
SurveysixfacilitiesinUSthatuseRDRprocessfor
treatingmunicipalsolidwaste
MSWtypesandamount
RDRspecificationsandoperatingconditions
Sampleandanalyzetheorganicmaterialsproducedfrom
theRDRforphysicalandchemicalcharacteristics
Bulkdensity,moisturecontent,solidscontent,andnutrientand metal
contents
Performbatchanaerobicdigestionteststodetermine
therateofdigestionandbiogasandmethaneyieldsof
organicsamples.
VISITEDMSWTREATMENTPLANTS
PARAMETER
Type of waste
Capacity (ton/d)
Organics
recovered
(% of MSW)
Moisture content
in drum (%)
Max Temperature
in drum (C)
Retention in drum
(d)
Number of drums
Rotation speed
(rpm)
Aeration in drum
Openings, primary
screening (mm)
AZ
MA
NY
MSW
Biosolids
MSW
MSW
(BS)
Biosolids
Biosolids
Paper &
Yard waste
cardboard
20MSW+10
BS
20-100 MSW
100 MSW
10 P&C +10 7.5 BS and YW 30 BS (16% TS)
BS
SD
TN
GA
MSW
Biosolids
MSW
Biosolids
MSW
Biosolids
220 MSW
9 BS (8% TS)
225 MSW
200 MSW
55 BS (18% TS) 60 BS (20% TS)
55
80
55-60
52
60
65
55-60
55
50-55
55
55
55
44
52-58
35
13-20
46-52
55
3-5
0.25
0.83
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
31.8
25.4
31.8
44.5
38.1
31.8
CharacteristicsofOrganicsRecoveredfrom
MSWviaRDRProcess
RDR
Facility
TS (%)
MC (%)
VS (%) VS/TS
C (%)
N (%)
C/N
AZ
Average
St. dev.
49.38
3.82
50.62
3.82
34.79
2.30
0.706
0.041
35.33
3.01
1.44
0.08
24.51
2.24
MA
Average
St. dev.
55.61
2.38
44.39
2.38
41.28
2.40
0.743
0.025
37.57
3.20
0.92
0.08
40.87
2.18
NY
Average
St. dev.
43.85
3.93
56.14
3.93
32.67
3.15
0.745
0.021
37.30
1.97
1.03
0.11
36.46
2.03
SD
Average
St. dev.
47.75
7.59
52.25
7.59
34.79
2.87
0.735
0.058
37.07
0.60
0.88
0.13
42.74
7.72
TN
Average
St. dev.
47.67
4.52
52.33
4.52
38.59
3.32
0.811
0.026
39.53
2.18
1.08
0.12
36.88
2.34
GA
Average
St. dev.
35.24
5.36
64.76
5.36
26.97
4.22
0.766
0.033
38.47
1.62
1.09
0.07
35.37
2.58
BatchAnaerobicDigestionTests
AnaerobicReactors
0.5Lworkingvolumeand1.0Ltotalvolume
Inoculum
ThermophilicAnaerobicSludgefrom
aworkingdigester
TestConditions
Initialvolatilesolidsloading:3gVS/L
Temperature:55+2C
Digestiontime:20days
MeasurementsandResults
Dailybiogasyield(ml/gVS.day)andcumulativebiogasyield(ml/gVS)
Biogascomposition(%methaneandcarbondioxide)
InitialandfinalpHinthereactor
DairyBiogasProductionandBiogasYield
DuringBatchThermophilicDigestion
MethaneContentofBiogasProducedDuring
BatchAnaerobicDigestion
RDR
Facility
13 d
20 d
Methane
Content of
Biogas
(%)
AZ
Average
St. dev.
483
34
533
37
59
MA
Average
St. dev.
529
13
579
16
58
NY
Average
St. dev.
549
30
609
26
58
SD
Average
St. dev.
611
36
676
35
60
TN
Average
St. dev.
583
36
641
44
59
GA
Average
St. dev.
512
9
565
12
58
Conclusions
The organic materials recovered from MSW using the
RDR process have 44-60% moisture content, high
organic content, 70-89% volatile solids in total solids,
and 22-40 C/N.
They are highly digestible with relatively high biogas
yields, 533 -676 ml/gVS or 0.533-0.676 m3/kgVS.
The biogas contained 58-60% methane.
The organic materials derived from RDR process are
suitable feedstock for anaerobic digesters.
Acknowledgement
FundingsupportfromCaliforniaIntegrated
WasteManagementBoard
CooperationofsixMSWtreatmentplants