Regional Waste-to-Energy Collaborative

Martinique
Island Energy Transitions: Pathways for Accelerated
Uptake of Renewables

June 23, 2015

Dr. Andreas Christian Taeuber, GIZ REETA-Program

c/o CARICOM ENERGY PROGRAM, Guyana

Page 1

CARICOM-GIZ PROJECT PORTFOLIO IN THE FIELD

OF ENERGY

SFF-CDB
EUR 0,25 mio.

REETA
07/2013-06/2017, EUR 5 mio.

Regional strategy
Capacity building
Private sector
Model projects

+ EUR 3 mio.

Financial sector

CREDP II
04/2008-03/2016
EUR 8,95 mio.

2011

26.06.2015

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018
Page 2

REETA OBJECTIVE & COMPONENTS

Objective:
Regional and national stakeholders in the field of Renewable Energy and
Energy Efficiency are increasingly able to meet the political, organizational
and technical challenges of a growing market in the Caribbean region

Component 1

Component 2

Component 3

Component 4

Component 5

Regional
Strategy
(C-SERMS)

Capacity
Building

Private Sector

Model Projects

Financial
Sector

updated

26/06/2015

New!

Page 3

REGIONAL WASTE TO ENERY COLLABORATIVE

Actor, Donor, Development Partner,
Stakeholder
CARICOM ENERGY UNIT
GIZ REETA PROGRAM
CCCCC and SIDSDOCK
OECS
CLINTON FOUNDATIO N
OTHERS

Activities

Harmonization of political and regulatory

framework, coordination
Technical Assistance, development of bankable
projects
Project development and co-funding
Regional framework setting
Project development and organizing financing
Grants, technical assistance

Close cooperation and realistic approaches

needed!
Page 4

WASTE TO ENERGY
Incineration: Controlled Burning
of Waste
Anaerobic Digestion: treatment
of the organic fraction of solid and
liquid wastes

Secondary Fuels: Conditioned

recycled waste or recycling
residues
Origin of Wastes: households,
hotels & restaurants, markets,
agro-industries (sugar, rice, etc.),
breweries and distilleries, animal
farms (chicken, pig, etc.),
slaughterhouses, vegetable and
fruit farms, wastewater treatment
Page 5

CARICOM Organic and Plastic Waste Potentials

Estimated average
Waste
(kg / Year)
1.5 Kg/day per
person

Estimated Waste
(Tonnes / Year)

Organic Plastic
Organic Plastic
Waste
Waste
Waste Waste
(Tonnes / (Tonnes /
(%)
(%)
Year)
Year)

CARICOM
Status

Country

Population
(last census)

Full

ANTIGUA & BARBUDA

91.295

49.984.013

49.984

50%

10%

24.992

4.998

Full

BAHAMAS
(COMMONWEALTH OF)

321.834

176.204.115

176.204

50%

10%

88.102

17.620

Full

BARBADOS

277.821

152.106.998

152.107

50%

10%

76.053

15.211

Full

BELIZE

340.844

186.612.090

186.612

50%

10%

93.306

18.661

Full

DOMINICA
(COMMONWEALTH OF)

72.337

39.604.508

39.605

50%

10%

19.802

3.960

Observer

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC

9.445.281

5.171.291.348

5.171.291

50%

10%

2.585.646

517.129

Full

GRENADA

109.593

60.002.168

60.002

50%

10%

30.001

6.000

Full

GUYANA

735.554

402.715.815

402.716

50%

10%

201.358

40.272

Full

HAITI

9.996.731

5.473.210.223

5.473.210

50%

10%

2.736.605

547.321

Full

JAMAICA

2.889.187

1.581.829.883

1.581.830

50%

10%

790.915

158.183

Full

MONTSERRAT

4.900

2.682.750

2.683

50%

10%

1.341

268

Full

SAINT KITTS AND NEVIS

54.961

30.091.148

30.091

50%

10%

15.046

3.009

Full

SAINT LUCIA

173.765

95.136.338

95.136

50%

10%

47.568

9.514

Full

SAINT VINCENT AND

THE GRENADINES

103.000

56.392.500

56.393

50%

10%

28.196

5.639

566.846

310.348.185

310.348

50%

10%

155.174

31.035

1.223.916

670.094.010

670.094

50%

10%

335.047

67.009

Full
Full

SURINAME (REPUBLIC
OF)
TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO

Source SIDS DOCK 2015: Waste estimation based on mid values from different Caribbean States. No scientific research, only assumptions which may wary accordingly in single countries.
Assumption: 1,5 kg Waste production per day per person. 50% is Organic Waste (Studies show between 40% to 60% and 10%-15% plastic waste).

Page 6

CARIBBEAN REGION WASTE-TO-ENERGY (WTE)

INDICATIVE PROJECT PIPELINE
COUNTRY

ANTIGUA &
BARBUDA

BAHAMAS
(COMMONWEALTH
OF)

PROJECT TITLE

Integrated Bioenergy and Food Production: The

project pre-feasibility has been completed for this
project that would establish of approximately 500
acres of grain sorghum on the island of Barbuda
that would be used to produce broiler meat, and the
waste produced would be used to generate biogas
fuel which would displace diesel for power
generation.

Feasibility Study for the establishment of a Solid

Waste-to-Energy Facility on New Providence: The
island of New Providence generates in excess of
1,000 tons, per day, of solid waste, dominated by
packaging material, enough raw material to export
in excess of 20MW of firm power to the grid from a
waste-to-energy facility. The feasibility study will
determine the best system to use and relative cost
benefits to aid government decision making in
developing a public/private partnership to
implement the project if proved feasible.

ESTIMATED
PROJECT
COST
(USD)

FINANCING
REQUIRED
(USD)

5.400.000

5.400.000

250.000

250.000

Page 7

CARIBBEAN REGION WASTE-TO-ENERGY (WTE)

INDICATIVE PROJECT PIPELINE
BELIZE

Feasibility Study on Distributed Generation to Generate

Base Load Power for Grid Connection: Community
waste-to-energy projects; Feasibility studies will identify
systems that are operational at the scale of 500-2000
residences than can generate reliable base load power
for grid connection.

30.000

BELIZE

Belize Biogas from Wastewater and Manure: The

Government of Belize and SIDSDOCK are developing an
anaerobic digestion/biogas project at the waste water
facility in San Pedro Ambergris Caye. The project will
use livestock manure. The developers plan to negotiate a
PPA with Belize Water Services Limited (BWSL). The
project will produce biogas for electricity, fertilizer
resulting from the sludge by product for sale to local
farmers and carbon offsets for sale in the carbon market

3.000.000

BELIZE

Demonstration Project for a Low Energy Waste Water

Treatment System: The majority of small communities in
island states do not have waste water treatment
systems. Alternative waste water system modular in
design that uses active biofilms for the decomposition of
organic matter, requiring significantly less energy input
than the conventional sewage systems will be
demonstrated to provide evidence of feasibility,
comparative energy requirement and potential
contribution to water resource availability as part of
climate change adaptation

150.000

30.000

150.000

Page 8

CARIBBEAN REGION WASTE-TO-ENERGY (WTE)

INDICATIVE PROJECT PIPELINE

DOMINICAN
REPUBLIC

GRENADA

Commercial demonstration project for sea water desalination -project is to provide potable water, using the waste heat from the
power plant as the primary energy source. Waste heat from power
plants is major non-utilized energy resources in the SIDS, and
could be used to improve availability of potable water, as
projection are for island states will be become increasingly fresh
water stressed and will have to depend increasingly on
desalination and water harvesting, and recycling of waste water.

1.000.000

Waste-to-Energy Feasibility Study: The mountainous topography

of the country presents major challengers for the collection and
disposal of solid waste. The current situation is resulting in
pollution of the coastal area and deteriorating air quality for
communities located in proximity to the facility. Current volumes
of waste indicate feasibility for a 2-3 MW base load facility

55.000

55.000

Page 9

CARIBBEAN REGION WASTE-TO-ENERGY (WTE)

INDICATIVE PROJECT PIPELINE
JAMAICA

Feasibility study for a waste to energy system for the production of a

minimum of 30 MW from the Riverton City solid waste facility, which
handles more than 1000 tons per day of mixed solid waste,
comprised of solid waste collected from households, businesses,
industry and from cleaning of streets and highways. The solid waste
disposal facility is located 2 miles for the major sewage treatment
which is being expanded to treat some 60 million gallons of waste
water per day. The feasibility study will determine the best option for
maximizing the use of both resources for the production of base
load power to lessen dependence on diesel fuel

REGIONAL

Preparation of Feasibility Studies: Project involving Technical

Assistance to Caribbean Governments to evaluate the potential
viability of waste-to-energy projects as an alternative to the ongoing
social, environmental and financially costly disposal that is now the
case. Due to limited land availability, growing population and
increased importation of goods, many countries are facing problems
with the management of the various forms of waste, ranging from
municipal, sewage, medical, to agro-industrial waste. In many cases,
there is improper disposal of waste. The potential projects to be
evaluated include:
Utilization of rum distillery waste
Conversion of sewage
Conversion of municipal solid waste and other available biomass
resources into energy. Projects identified as potentially feasibility
will be developed through private-public partnerships and the funds
provided would be refunded to support development of other
projects

SAINT LUCIA

Sewage Waste to Energy: Project is intended to produce fuel from a

combination of sewage and biomass from markets and other
sources to provide 1 MW of base load power and 3 MW of thermal
heat for cooling of commercial buildings in downtown Castries

SAINT LUCIA

Solid Waste to Energy: the aim is to implement a project that

requires no subsidy from tipping fees to produce 10 MW base load
power to the grid. From the waste at the Castries solid waste facility

280.000

1.200.000

1.000.000

7.000.000

Pre-feasibility Study
On- going

25.000.000

Page 10

CARIBBEAN REGION WASTE-TO-ENERGY (WTE)

INDICATIVE PROJECT PIPELINE

SAINT LUCIA

SAINT VINCENT AND

THE GRENADINES

Waste Heat to Power Project: The base load of the

country is 40 MW and based on waste heat
recovery system there is potential for a project to
recover up to 4 MW of base load power.
Prefeasibility has shown power from such a
project at US$0.21per kwh

Sewage and biomass property waste to Energy:

The new Argyle International airport is being
established a low carbon facility. Energy for
lighting and cooling will be provided 100 kw PV
system, and other RE combination including
biogas. Based on preliminary assessment there
se is enough inlay materials carry the potential
to produce enough biogas for 0,5 MW electricity
for 8,300 operational hours per year.

21.000.000

3,000,000

TOR for
prefeasibility study
being prepared

Page 11

WASTE TO ENERGY INVESTMENTS IN THE

CARIBBEAN
Country

Key facts

Nevis

Investor: US renewable energy firm Omni Alpha

Waste to energy (gasification) in combination with solar PV plant to provide
2250 MWh of electricity per year
Investment size: USD 20 million
Capacity: 25 t/day, 1 MW of electricity
Implementation: 12 month implementation started in Q4 2014

Barbados

Investor: UK based firm Cahill Energy

Investment size: Up to $240 million
Location: Vaucluse, St. Thomas.
Technology: plasma gasification
Capacity: up to 650 tons of solid waste per day providing 25% of Barbados
energy needs

Anguilla

Investor: Global Green Energy from US

Location: Corito Bay
Technology: Pyrolysis
Capacity: 20 t/day.

BVI

Investor: Consutech Systems LLC

Technology: Incineration
Capacity: 1.7 MW of electricity

Page 12

THE GRENADA CASE

Municipal Solid Waste

High-calorific effluents
Wastewater
Agricultural / Animal
Waste

Plant Residues
Slaughterhouse Waste

Page 13

THE ENERGY SECTOR IN GRENADA

Grenada has one of the highest electricity prices in the Caribbean and
worldwide: 40 US Cents/kWh
Main supply provided by diesel generators (175 GWh in 2013)
Renewable Energy (RE) has high potential
Long-term electricity monopoly hinders the promotion of RE
Liquefied Gas is an important domestic and commercial energy source 4500 tons have been imported in 2010
In 2014 average price for LPG is USD 16,67 for a 20 pound cylinder and
USD 82 for a 100 pound cylinder.

Page 14

INSTALLED CAPACITY AND PEAK ENERGY

DEMAND IN GRENADA
35,0
30,0

29,4 30,5 30,8 30,3 30,2 29,2

27,9

25,5 25,9
23,8

25,7

Peak Demand (MW)

25,0
20,0
15,0
10,0
5,0

0,3 MW Solar
0,0
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Grenlec Annual Report , 2013

Page 15

SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN GRENADA

Waste Categories

Organic Waste

27.1

Site cleaning waste

21.30

Plastics

16.4

Paper Cardboard

13.6

C&D

11.6

Glass

3.1

Metal

2.4

Textiles

2.3

Tires

0.90

Household Bulky Waste

0.70

Street sweeping waste

0.60

40 000 tons of domestic and

commercial waste/year
Domestic waste has about 45 %
organic fraction (27 % based on
total waste)
Landfill space is very limited,
new developed cells will last
only 7 years without recycling
concept

Incineration would prolong

landfill use to 25 years, but is
economically not viable.

Page 16

WASTE MANAGEMENT AND CLIMATE CHANGE

Organic waste in landfills emits Methane over decades

Landfill gas can be recovered/flared from engineered landfills

Anaerobic digestion of organic waste as a means of methane reduction

Recycling can generate new raw material (e.g. PET, Aluminum) or

secondary fuels reduction of fossil fuels

Management of wood waste as fuel/secondary fuel

Recycling prolongs the life span of existing landfills improved

management

Incineration waste as renewable energy source

Climate adaptation by protecting water resources and enriching soils

with organic fertilizers from processed waste

Page 17

INCINERATION AS AN OPTION FOR GRENADA

Advantage with regard to volume
reduction of waste and energy
output 18 GWh/year
High Investment Costs: 50 Mio.
USD
High O&M Costs
40 000 t/year is half of the viability
limit for such systems.
Increase of tipping fee, commercial
fees or high subsidy via energy
sector required

Page 18

WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT (NAWASA)

Sewage system in St. Georges: fall out pipe at the stadium bridge
with an average flow of 130.000 gal/day (28,6 m3/ day or 10.451
m3/year)

Sewage system along Grand Anse: fall out pipe at Point Salines with
an average flow of 660.000 gal/day (145 m3/day or 53.062 m3/year)

Coarse grid as mechanical treatment/pump protection

No large-scale treatment planned by NAWASA

Non-sewered households have septic tanks

Accumulated septage can be estimated at about 34.700 m3/year

Page 19

MECHANICAL FILTER SYSTEM FOR WASTEWATER

Two-stage micro filtration
technology (6 - 0,1 mm)
TSS reduction of 30-60 % and a
COD reduction of 10-30 % with
minimal land requirements and
reasonable costs
Solid residues have high energy
content with regard to biogas
production

Improves water quality

Provides input for biogas
Fertilizer

Page 20

TYPICAL INPUT MATERIAL FOR ANAEROBIC

DIGESTION

Animal manure

Organic solid waste like food

residues, grass, domestic waste

Processed biomass and wastewater

from agro-industries (e.g. distilleries,
breweries, dairy side products)

Slaughterhouse waste

Energy plants such as corn, sugar

cane, grass

Sewerage sludge and blackwater

from septic tanks

Solid
Waste

Liquid
Waste

Page 21

BIOGAS GENERATION

Anaerobic digestion is the microbiological breakdown of organic

materials in the absence of oxygen

Anaerobic digestion works under mesophilic (35-42 C) as well as

under thermophilic (50-60C) conditions

Biogas contains between 50 and 70 % methane, depending on the

input material

Biogas can be directly used as fuel or further upgraded to bio-methane

with a higher calorific value

Rule of thumb: energy content of 1 m3 biogas (60 % methane) equals

about 6 kWh or 0,6 liter domestic fuel oil

Broad range of technologies available!

Page 22

SMALL-SCALE DIGESTERS
High-tech material for low-tech
applications
Applicable for small animal farms
and agro-industries
Modular from 3 m3-100 m3 volume
Direct use of gas for cooking and
hot-water generation

Except of the membrane tank, all

materials locally available

Page 23

LARGE SCALE WET-ANAEROBIC DIGESTION

Animal and liquid wastes
TS content 3 -15 % TS
Pond Systems (various providers)

widely spread in South Amerika

No mixing required

Basin Systems (various providers)

typical for Europe

Often equiped with agitators or

pumps for mixing

Retention time: 20-60 days

Page 24

DRY-ANAEROBIC DIGESTION

Often used for presorted organic

solid waste
TS content of 28 35 % -and does
not require the addition of liquid
Sizes vary, often modular systems

GICON (Germany) garage type: no

mixing, low mechanisation
DRANCO (Germany) system works
with pulper and pump

Retention time: 28-30 days

Page 25

MANAGEMENT OF DIGESTATE
High in nutrients: reuse as liquid
fertiliser
Dewatering/Drying: Secondary
Fuel

Aerobic Composting: Fertiliser

Dewatering (if required): Landfill
cover

Page 26

SCENARIOS FOR GRENADA

Scenario 1

Dry Digester for organic municipal waste

Scenario 2
All-in-one Organic solid waste and liquid wastes
Scenario 3
Effluent Treatment at Clarkes Court Distillery
Scenario 4
Agro-Solution Slaughterhouse Mirabeaux, Animal Waste
Scenario 5
Decentralised small scale systems for animal farms
Page 27

SCENARIO 1: MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE

DIGESTION
HYDROPLAN
Assumptions
(2009)
Technology
Wet-Thermophilic
applied
System
Investment Costs 10,0 Mio USD
Electrical energy
260 kWhel /t
content of waste
Organic waste
35 %
fraction
Total annual
amount of
14,000 t
organic waste to
be treated
Annual electricity
3.640.000 kWhel
generation
Sales price for
electricity to the 0.18 USD/ kWhel
grid
Revenue from
Electricity to the 650,000 USD
grid

GICON
Assessment
(2014)

Centralised System

Dry-Wet-Digester

Low energy yield (5.4 GWh)

Low investment costs

10,1 Mio XCD

270 kWhel /t
35 %

20,000 t

Static system
Production of compost or
secondary fuel
Investment costs of about 5
Mio. USD

5.400.000 kWhel
0.19 USD/ kWhel

1,040,00 USD
Page 28

SCENARIO 2: ALL IN ONE CO-DIGESTION OF

WASTE (WET)
Total annual amount
(t)

TSS content
(%)

Solid waste + green waste

20000

45

Animal waste (400 pigs + 2000 broilers)

1040

30

Vinasse

6930

Slaughterhouse

626

Septage (50 %)

17350

10

Sums

45.946

Waste Type

Mix of various solid and liquid wastes - Wet digestion

Best energy yield (6.8 GWh/year)
Transportation is a challenge
Investment cost of about 8-10 Mio. USD
Page 29

SCENARIO 3: CLARKES COURT DISTILLERY

High energy yield

Direct reuse as diesel substitute
Partly solves marine pollution problem
Investment: Estimate 0,6 Mio USD
Page 30

SCENARIO 4: MIRABEAU SLAUGHTERHOUSE AND

AGRICULTURAL WASTE
Animal waste from pigs and chicken
Slaughterhouse waste (and septage
from the northern part of the island)

Electricity yield: 665 MWh/year

Heat and electricity directly reused
at facility
Digestate reuse as fertilizer
Investment: estimated 0.5 Mio. USD

Page 31

SCENARIO 5: DECENTRALIZED SMALL SCALE

SYSTEMS
Small-scale farmers (e.g. 10 pigs)
Direct use of gas as substitute for
LPG in households and agroindustries

Water-shed appraoch to protect

water sources
50 small scale farmers in Grenada,
investments costs 75.000-100.000
USD
Payback 2-3 years

Page 32

SUMMARY OF WASTE TYPES AND ENERGY YIELD

Anaerobic digestion is a renewable energy technology (biogas
production) and mitigation technology (landfill gas avoidance) in one
Waste Type

Solid waste+green waste

Animal Waste
Pigs
Chicken
Tot. Slaughterhouse Waste
Vinasse (total)
Septage
Wastewater screenings

Unit

Amount

CH4 yield
specific

Total CH4 yield

tons

25000

74

1850000

animal places
animal places
tons
tons
m3
tons

1500
4000
650
8000
34700
n.n.

19
164
140
11
4

28500
6560
91000
88000
138800
2.202.860

Total
Electricity
(kWh)

Total
Electricity
(MWh)

8.811.440

8.811

Page 33

EVALUATION OF THE GRENADA CASE

Scenario

Criteria

Criteria Scores: 1: low,

5 High

Economic feasibility
(investment/ operation
cost, financial
feasibility/ payback
period)

Environmental benefits
(energy yield/climate,
water resources,
pollution control, odor)

Technological
feasibility (complexity,
availability,
maintenance, etc.)

Strategic
attractiveness
(Private Sector
Involvement,
Nexus)

Final
Score/
Ranking

Scenario 1 a:
Municipal Solid Waste
dry digestion

Score: 10
Rank: 5

Scenario 1 b:
Solid Waste
Incineration

Score: 7
Rank: 6

Scenario 2:
All-in-one Co-Digestion

Score: 11
Rank: 4

Scenario 3:
Anaerobic Digestion of
Distillery Effluent

Score: 17
Rank: 1

Scenario 4:
Co-digestion of
Slaughterhouse Waste
and Animal Waste

Score: 15
Rank: 3

Scenario 5:
Decentralized digestion
on livestock farms

Score: 16
Rank: 2
Page 34

CONTRIBUTION TO ENERGY CONSUMPTION

200,0
180,0

175,8

160,0
140,0

GRENLEC Diesel (2013)

SW Incineration (HYDROPLAN)

120,0

Scenario 1 (SWM Biogas)

100
100,0

Scenario 2 (Biogas all in one)

Scenario 3 (Clarke's Court)

80,0

Scenario 4 (Biogas agro waste)

60,0

Scenario 5 (decentralised small scale)

40,0

20,0

18,0
5,4 6,8

10,2
0,3 0,7 0,2

3,1 3,9 0,2 0,4 0,1

0,0
GWh/ year

Page 35

CLARKE`S COURT DISTILLERY DISTILLERY

Clarkes Court discharges about 127034 gal/ month (559 m3/ month) of
highly polluted brine from the rum distillation process. (6707 m3/year)

Effluent is highly biodegradable (sugars) and thus contains a significant

energy content.

Temperature: approx. 70 C
BOD: 40000-50000 mg/l
COD: 60000-80000 mg/l
TSS: 12000-14000 mg/l

Effluent causes massive odor development for downstream settlements

Visible and measurable marine pollution problems in nearby mangroves
at woburn bay.

Adverse effects on planned tourism projects in Woburn Bay

Page 36

CLARKE`S COURT DISTILLERY

A biogas plant is wastewater treatment as well as a source of thermal energy
generation for the distillation process.

Biogas is used as supplement fuel for diesel boiler operation (steam

production). It can replace costly diesel (5 USD/gal).
(Expected biogas output can vary depending on organic content tests required)

Conservative calculation for savings:

77 000 Nm3CH4/year (11 Nm3/tFM)
Diesel equivalent: 84 700 liter Diesel/ year (approx. 18615 gal Diesel/
year)

Savings: 5 USD/gal x 18 615 gal/year = 94,000 USD)

Optimistic, but reality based calculation (based on other distillery):
Diesel equivalent: 35 400 gal Diesel/year
Savings: 5 USD/gal x 35 400 gal/year = 177,000 USD)
Page 37

REQUIRED INVESTMENTS
Studies

Baseline study (preliminary study and assessment available)

Technical design study / bill of quantity/ tender&procuremement
documents

Equipment

Biogas plant (either pond system or reactor system with agitator)

Dewatering unit for biogas
Adjustment/Upgrade of boiler burner to allow the combustion of biogas

Optional: Aerobic trickling filter for post treatment of effluent (requires

detailed studies)

Page 38

POND DIGESTER

Pond covered with gas tight membrane

Membrane is biogas storage
Lower investment costs
Low operation cost
Page 39

REQUIRED INVESTMENTS
Auxiliary Works
Basic civil works for installation of digester and auxiliaries
Rehabilitation/Adjustment of existing storage tank and burner
Cost SUMMARY (still needs verification)
Estimated required investments

US$

Baseline study

10.000

Design study and Bill of Quantity

25.000

Equipment (biogas plant)

500.000

Equipment (auxiliary devices)

120.000

Total

655.000

Page 40

DPP FINANCING CONCEPT

Annual O&M Cost: 3 % of investment, considering the current fuel prices,
pay-back of an investment is expected within 7 years

A GIZ supported project (Development Partnership with the Private Sector

DPP, or Water Stewardship Project) could support a set up of new
energy contracting approach for distilleries and provides know-how for
operation of system

Upfront investment by a consortium could be refinanced by energy savings

Costs could be divided as follows:
GIZ: up to 25 %, Private Partners: up to
Clarkes Court distillery signs a refinancing contract with a DPP
investor consortium (e.g. Clarkes Court, Clarkes Court Marina,
Technology Provider), achieved energy savings are used as pay-back
to investor consortium
Page 41

DPP Management Concept

DPP
Contract

Technical design and

baseline study
Support establishment of
consortium
Support contract
development&monitoring
Support part of procurement
and installation of biodigester

Energy
Saving
Contract

Operation of system by
technology provider in
cooperation with Clarkes
Court distillery
Training and Maintenance
Monitoring of biogas
generation and diesel
replacement
Ensuring reliability for
contract period
Page 42

NEXT STEPS

Presentation of concept to Clarkes Court Management Commitment/ Financial

Contribution
Set-Up of Consortium Partners (potential: Clarkes Court, Clarkes Court Marina
Investors, Technology Provider
Potentially: Search for additional (commercial) investors, soft loans,.
GIZ supports contract development (studies, contract documents) and will also have a
minor share in the investment costs
Clarkes Court and consortium approve concept and project go into contract
negotiation

Proceeding simultaneously
DPP Contract between
GIZ and private
companies signed

MoA between Private

Investors, GIZ and
Technology Provider
companies signed
(roles, responsibilities,
etc.)

Energy Contracting
contract to be signed
between Private
Investors and
Technology Provider

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PHASE 1 of Energy Saving Contract

Technology
Provider

GIZ (DPP)
Supports contract
development and
tender process,
logistics
z % of Investment

x % of Investment
Technology
Training

Private
Investors (e.g.
CCD/ CCM)
y % Investment
Land

Investment:
Anaerobic Digestion + Sandfilter
Solar Pre-Heating System for Boiler

Systems operation by Technology Provider

Energy
Savings
Energy savings used to pay back
upfront investment
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PHASE 2 of Energy Saving Contract

Technology
Provider

Pays Technology Provider for

Maintenance/ Services

Private
Investors
Operation &
Maintenance (?)

Maintenance
contract ??

Investment:
Anaerobic Digestion + Sandfilter
Solar Pre-Heating System for Boiler

Systems operation by ??
Energy
Savings
After payback all energy savings
remain at Clarkes Court (and other
investors?)

Page 45

CONCLUSIONS FOR THE GRENADA CASE AND IN

GENERAL FOR THE CARIBBEAN
Biogas can cover a fraction of the energy demand (in Grenada:
max: 6-8 % of total demand)
Anaerobic digestion is lower in investment costs and less complex with
regard to O&M

Under current framework: small-scale system with a direct reuse

potential of the gas are preferable (distilleries, slaughterhouses)
Solid waste could be co-digested with other wastes in order to increase
the gas potential

Large-scale systems are attractive even for BOT contracts, if a higher

feed-in tariff for electricity can be negotiated
Digestate has a high reuse potential (compost or secondary fuel)
Production of energy plants for anaerobic digestion - new market?
Page 46

CONFERENCE ON WASTE MANAGEMENT IN THE

CARIBBEAN, NOVEMBER 17-20, 2015 IN GRENEDA:
Toward the Development of Caribbean Regional
Organic Waste Management Sector
The workshop will be organized in partnership with:

CARICOM Secretariat;

Gesellschaft fr Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ-REETA

Program);

Caribbean Community Climate Change Centre (CCCCC) and SIDS

DOCK;

Caribbean Development Bank (CDB);

United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO);

Swedish Energy Agency (SEA);

World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO);

Clinton Foundation Climate Initiative (CCI).

Thank you for your attention!

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