Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
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Work hard
and do your best this year my biggest tip is just to be organised and work
hard all year. I hope you do well! Feel free to contact me if you have any
questions!
Psalm 34.
Nat.
Formula
CH4
C2H6
C3H8
C4H10
C5H12
C6H14
C7H16
C8H18
Use
Natural Gas
Petrochemicals
LPG
LPG
Petrol
Petrol
Petrol
Petrol
Product
Ethanol
Ethylene
Ethylene
oxide
glycol
Vinyl chloride
Reactan
Ethylene and
Ethylene
Ethylene
Oxygen and
ts
water
and
oxide and
chlorine
oxygen
dilute acid
Conditio - High
About
Treatment
- About 150C
ns
pressure
250C
with dilute
- Copper
- About
chloride
300C
as a
catalyst
- Phosphoric
catalyst
acid catalyst
Uses
- Fuel
Fumigant
- Anti-freeze
Monomer for
- Industrial,
liquid
producing
commercial
polyvinyl
and domestic
Manufacturing chloride
solvent
of polyester
- Cleaning
and
disinfecting
fluid
2D
structur
e
diagram
3D
structur
e
diagram
Identify that ethylene serves as a monomer from which
polymers are made
-
Form
Name of
Low density
High density
polyethylene (LDPE)
polyethylene (HDPE)
Ziegler-Natta process
process
Requirements High pressure (1000 to
Pressure of a few
3000 atmospheres),
atmospheres,
high temperature
temperatures of about
The polymerisation
n process
Significant chain
Unbranched
polymer
branching, meaning
polyethylene molecules
formed
closely together in an
Recycling sy
mbol
Functional
Monomer
Monomer
Polymer
Polymer syste
group
common
systemic name
common
name
name
Chlorine (Cl)
Vinyl chloride
name
Chloroethene
Polyvinyl
Polychloroethen
chloride
Phenyl (C6H5) Styrene
Ethenylbenzene
Polystyrene
Polyethenylbenz
Polymer
Low density
polyethylene
(LDPE)
High density
polyethylene
(HDPE)
Polyvinyl chloride
(PVC)
Properties
Uses
Sym
Low density
Wrapping materials
Carry bags
Flexible
Milk bottles
Soft
Squeeze bottles
High density
Kitchen utensils
Toys
Hard
Building materials
Water resistant
Electrical insulation
Flame resistant
Appliance leads
Polystyrene
Transparent
Low density
Good insulator
Garden hoses
Tool handles
CD Cases
Foam cups
Foam packing
Containers
insulation
Biomass Research
Discuss the need for alternative sources of the compounds
presently obtained from the petrochemical industry
-
Renewable Ethanol.
Describe the dehydration of ethanol to ethylene and identify
the need for a catalyst in this process and the catalyst used
-
Disadvantages
Large amounts of a
produce the crops
leading to problem
deforestation, ferti
Major environment
those in starving n
o
Ethanol is miscible
potentially cheat c
Carbon
Met Et Pro Bu Pe
He He
Oc
nt
pt
atoms
-
Identify data sources, choose resources and perform a firsthand investigation to determine and compare heats of
combustion of at least three liquid alkanols per gram and
per mole
-
Electrochemical Methods
Explain the displacement of metals from solution in terms of
transfer of electrons
-
The salt bridge allows the two solutions to keep the same
charge, so that electrons continue to flow. It maintains a
balance of charge across the cell.
chemistry
impact on society
environmental impacts
Chemistry
Dry Cell
Carbon Cathode
Zinc Anode
Zn(s) Zn2+(aq) + 2 eNH4 reduced at cathode
2NH+4 + 2e- 2NH3 (aq)
+ H2(g)
MnO2 absorbs H2 gas.
2MnO2 (s) + H2 (g)
Mn2O3 (s) + H2O (l)
Cost and
practicalit
y
Impact on
Society
Environme
ntal
Impact
1.5 V produced
Cheap, small and easily
moved. Voltage drops as
the battery runs out
uses up charge
Shorter life, charge
decreases as the battery
is used. Common and
provides energy for
many devices.
Small waste, but
corrosive materials
can be harmful if not
disposed of properly.
Lithium
Lithium Anode
Li(s) Li+ + eMnO2 cathode
MnO2 + e- MnO2Dry electrolytre (Lithium
salt and dimethyl ether)
3V produced
Nuclear Methods
where:
Instrument
Description
Photographic film
Cloud chamber
Geiger-Mller Counter
Scintillation counter
in industry
in medicine
Radioisotope
Cobalt-60
Sodium-24
Field
Medicine
Industry
Decays to
Nickel-60
Magnesium-24
Radiation
Neutron bomba
produced
Production
Use
Treatment of cancer
o
Detection of le
o
Can be a
in a pipe
the pipe
No radiat
the pipe
If it leaks
pipe, it c
located
Suitability of half-
life
decontaminate
Problem
Industry
Smoke alarms
Thickness gauges
Req
pro
o
Can
tiss
inc
sto
o
Rad
disp
micro-organisms
o
Medicine
illnesses
o
Can
tiss
inc
sto
o
Rad
disp