Assignment no# 04

Submitted by : Ma. Johannes I. Zabala

1. What is feedback and negative feedback? Give

some example
Feedback Mechanism - Dynamic Equilibrium and

Feedback. Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable

internal state within an organism. Homeostasis is also
known as steady state. Organisms must respond and
maintain homeostasis in relation to many factors.

Feedback Mechanism Examples

Feedback mechanisms have evolved in living things as a
mechanism by which they maintain homeostasis or dynamic
equilibrium.
A feedback mechanism occurs when the level of one substance
influences the level of another substance or activity of another
organ.
An example of a feedback mechanism in humans would be the
increase in heart rate and respiratory rate which occurs in
response to increased exercise or other increased muscle cell
activity.

Negative feedback

when some function of the output of

a system, process, or mechanism is fed back in a manner that
tends to reduce the fluctuations in the output, whether caused by
changes in the input or by other disturbance

Examples of Negative Feedback

Negative feedback is a reaction that causes a decrease
in function. It occurs in response to some kind of
stimulus. Often it causes the output of a system to be
lessened; so, the feedback tends to stabilize the system.
This can be referred to as homeostasis, as in biology,
or equilibrium, as in mechanics. Negative feedback is also
a reaction to an event or process, such as an evaluation
of someones work.

02 give at least 5 examples coordinate functions of

NERVOUS, ENDOCRINE, and ENDOCRINE ,
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

COORDIMATE FUNCTION OF NERVOUS SYSYTEM

1.The nervous system allows coordination of stimuli from the

outside so that they may be synthesized into a comprehensive
worldview.
2.The evolution of a complex nervous system has made it possible
to have advanced perception abilities such as vision, complex social
interactions, rapid coordination of organ systems, and integrated
processing of concurrent signals.
3.Cells send signals to other neurons by either releasing chemicals
called hormones into the blood which spread to distant sites, or by
generating "point-to-point" signals in which neurons project
their axons to specific target areas and make synaptic connections
with specific target cells.
4 .Animals interact with their environment. So, it's only logical that in
order to take advantage of any benefits and avoid possible dangers,

5. They need a way to be able to monitor their environment and then

respond in an appropriate manner. In a nutshell, this is the job of the
nervous system and it can be broken down into three main

Coordinate function of Endocrine

system .
functions.

The endocrine system is the collection of glands that produce hormones

that regulate metabolism, growth and development, tissue function, sexual
function, reproduction, sleep, and mood, among other things
Hormones also influence the way the body uses and stores energy and
control the volume of fluid and the levels of salts and sugar (glucose) in the
blood. Very small amounts of hormones can trigger very large responses in
the body.
Although hormones circulate throughout the body, each type of hormone
influences only certain organs and tissues. Some hormones affect only one
or two organs, whereas others have influence throughout the body. For
example, thyroid-stimulating hormone, produced in the pituitary gland,
affects only the thyroid gland. In contrast, thyroid hormone, produced in
the thyroid gland, affects cells throughout the body and is involved in such
important functions as regulating growth of cells, controlling the heart rate,
and affecting the speed at which calories are burned. Insulin , secreted by
the islet cells of the pancreas, affects the processing (metabolism) of
glucose, protein, and fat throughout the body.
Hormones control the function of entire organs, affecting such diverse
processes as growth and development, reproduction, and sexual
characteristics.
Hormones are chemical substances that affect the activity of another part of
the body (target site). In essence, hormones serve as messengers,
controlling and coordinating activities throughout the body.

Coordinate function of reproductive

system
The reproductive system is a collection of internal and external organs in both
males and females that work together for the purpose of procreating,

The system is designed to transport the ova to the site of fertilization. Conception, the
fertilization of an egg by a sperm, normally occurs in the fallopian tubes.

To enable sperm to enter the body and to protect the internal genital organs from
infectious organisms. The main external structures of the female reproductive system
include:
The reproductive system is the key to the procreation and survival of the human race
Human reproduction is the effort of a male and female that involves four functions of
the reproductive systems. According to Librarythinkquest.org, these functions are
production of egg and sperm cells, transportation and sustenance of cells,
development and nurturing of offspring and production of hormones. The male and
female hormones have significant effects on the functions of the reproductive system.