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Preprint 05-21
dC AS
= nk
dt
(C
Ab
As
) n k 1C
dC Pb
dC Ps
l
= nk 1 C As n
dt
dt
dC Pb
= k m 2 ( C Ps C Pb )
dt
l
As
[2]
[3]
[4]
Where
N As
;
v
N
C Pb = Pb ;
V
N Ps
C Ps =
;
v
S
m
k f (1 ) C Bs
k1 =
V
S
k m 1 = k mA
V
S
k m 2 = k mP
V
V
n= ;
v
v = S ' ;
C As =
Introduction
In general, the reaction kinetic equation consists of
reactants M, A and B and products P and D. The
dissolution of a metal can be briefly expressed by the
following stoichiometric reaction, Eq. 1, where a, b, c and
d are stoichiometric coefficients of the species of A, B, P
and D, respectively.
<M> + a(A) + b(B) c(P) + d(D)
m1
[1]
k m1 = Sk m1 '
[5]
[6]
k m 2 = Sk m 2 '
[7]
S = 4r N a
[8]
k1 = Sk1 '
r =3
Wi (CPb +
CPs
)MwAu
n
v s (d ) =
[9]
4
Na Au
3
vt (d ) =
1
6
[10]
vs 2
[11]
10
fd
4 gd 3 f ( s f
5 0.66 + 0.4 log
3 2
0 .5
5.55
[12]
Theoretical Consideration
2
2 Di
+ 0 . 6 D i 3
d
18
Where
m
k f (1 )C Bs
k1 ' =
V
k mA
k m1 ' =
V
k
k m 2 ' = mP
V
k mi =
d 2 ( s f )g
0.5
km1
-3.5 -1
mol dm
km2
-2 -1
dm s
dm-2s-1
First-order
dm-2s-1
dm-2s-1
dm-2s-1
Second-order
mol-1dm s-1
dm-2s-1
dm-2s-1
Cpb, mol/dm3
x 10-4
First-Order
10
a
6
4
2
0
0
400
800
1200
1600
2000
Time,sec
Table 2. The values of radius, weight, number of particles and surface area for simulation.
a
b
c
d
Radius (m)
Weight(g)
Number of particles
135
291
628
1352
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
1000
100
10
1
2.29
1.06
0.50
0.23
x 1 0 -4
9
C p b , m o l/d m
Slope= 1.22*10-6
R2 = 0.997
Slope = 4.32*10-7
R2 = 1.000
0
0
500
1000
1500
2000
Time, sec
x 1 0 -4
12
slope= 2.32*10-6
R2 = 0.967
C p b , m o l/d m
slope = 1.19*10-6
R2 = 0.999
Sum.of 17-628um
Ave.: 202um
0
0
500
1000
1500
2000
Time, sec
C
MTCR = 1 As
C Ab
[13]
100%
4.35E-6
60%
4.35E-5
40%
4.35E-4
Half Order
80%
MTCR
M TCR
80%
20%
0%
0
100
200
300
400
First Order
Second Order
60%
40%
20%
500
Time, sec
0%
0
MTCR
4.35E-6
60%
4.35E-4
40%
20%
0%
100
200
300
400
500
Experimental
Analytical grade chemicals were used throughout the
direct leaching test. Bromine and ammonium bromide
were used as lixiviants. The pH of the solution was
adjusted by adding sodium hydroxide or ammonia. The
powder leaching tests were performed in an open-system
at ambient temperature. 99.99% grade gold- powder was
used for the direct leaching experiments.
The mean particle size was found to be 45m of
diameter using the Microtrac laser particle analyzer, VSR
and S 3000. Powder leaching experiments were carried
out in a one-liter glass vessel. One-half liter of solution
was used. Samples of solution were withdrawn at regular
time intervals for chemical analysis. All chemical
analyses were carried out using the Perkin-Elmer atomic
absorption spectrometer, Model 5500.
To minimize the surface effect on gold dissolution
rate, samples of solution for chemical analyses were
withdrawn at time intervals, 0, 60, 180 and 300 sec and
initially a straight region has been chosen to calculate the
slope, C Pb . The slope in a plot of Cpb versus time
4.35E-5
400
km1'
80%
200
300
Time, sec
100
500
Time, sec
C p b , m o l/d m 3
x 1 0 -5
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
Overall
Diameter (m)
Weight (g)
20
27
33
38
43
47
52
57
64
70
45
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
Total : 0.2
6
4
2
0
0
Number of
particles
256,126
100,774
53,791
34,789
24,945
18,821
14,405
10,852
7,568
5,687
100
200
300
400
500
Time, sec
Summation of
5.0
Experimental
kmi':4.35E-4
kmi':3.0E-5
Modeling
a
b
x 1 0 -4
12
10
4.5
C p b , m o l/d m
k m 1 ' a n d k m 2 ',
d m -2 s - 1
x 1 0 -4
4.0
3.5
8
6
4
2
20
40
60
80
0
Diameter of particle, um
500
1000
1500
2000
Time, sec
x 10 -4
5
k1
km1 and km2
4
3
2
1
0
0
100
200
300
Time, sec
x 10 -3
3
a
b
Cpb , mol/dm3
x 10 -6
10
b'
Experimental
Surface
effect
Bromine
evaporating
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
Time, sec
2
0
0
100
200
300
Time, sec
Conclusions
A kinetic model for leaching of particulate metals in
a batch system has been developed. A series of ordinary
differential equations relating heterogeneous reaction
kinetics at the solid/liquid interface to mass transfer of
reactions an products were solved numerically as the
10
Na
NPb
NPs
r
R
Re
Res(d)
Ret(d)
S
T
V
vs ,vt
Wi
Nomenclature
A
CAb
CAs
CPb
CPs
d
Di
F
g
k1
k2
k1
km1
km2
km1
km2
kmA
kmP
ko
ko
m
MwAu
n
NAs
Au
s
f
area of sample
molar concentration of reactants in the bulk
molar concentration of reactants at the solid
surface
molar concentration of products in the bulk
molar concentration of products at the solid
surface
average diameter of particles
diffusivity of ion
Faraday constant
gravity acceleration
overall chemical-reaction constant of the
forward direction
overall chemical-reaction constant of the
backward direction
chemical-reaction constant of the forward
direction : k1/S, (units are in Table 1)
overall mass transfer coefficient of reactants
overall mass transfer coefficient of products
mass transfer coefficient of reactants, km1/S
(units are in Table 1)
mass transfer coefficient of products, km2/S
(units are in Table 1)
mass transfer coefficient of reactants
mass transfer coefficient of products
overall rate constant
overall rate constant
reaction orders with respect to individual
species
molecular weight of gold
fractional volume of the interface
number of moles of reactants at the solid
surface
number of particles
number of moles of products in the bulk
number of moles of products at the solid
surface
radius of particles
gas constant
Reynolds number
Reynolds number defined using Eq. 11
Reynolds number defined using Eq. 12
surface area of solid
temperature in Kelvin
volume of system
slip velocity, terminal velocity
initial weight of gold
thickness of the interphase layer
thickness of the diffusion boundary layer
viscosity of fluid
factional site occupied by the adsorbed
species
density of gold
density of solid
density of fluid
kinematic viscosity /volume of interphase
References
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
11
9.
12