Intelligent Video

IntelligentVideo User Guide
PERPETUAL INNOVATION
Lenel OnGuard 2010 IntelligentVideo User Guide, product version 6.4

This guide is item number DOC-830, revision 1.019, April 2010
Copyright 2004-2010 Lenel Systems International, Inc. Information in this document is subject
to change without notice. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form
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have attempted to provide an accurate translation of the text, but the official text is the English
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The software described in this document is furnished under a license agreement and may only be
used in accordance with the terms of that agreement. Lenel and OnGuard are registered
trademarks of Lenel Systems International, Inc.
Microsoft, Windows, Windows Server, and Windows Vista are either registered trademarks or
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trademarks of their respective companies and are hereby acknowledged.
Portions of this product were created using LEADTOOLS 1991-2010 LEAD Technologies, Inc.
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
OnGuard includes ImageStream Graphic Filters. Copyright 1991-2010 Inso Corporation. All
rights reserved. ImageStream Graphic Filters and ImageStream are registered trademarks of Inso
Corporation.
Table of Contents
Getting Started ..................................................................15
Chapter 1: Introduction .............................................................17
Architecture and Flow ................................................................................... 18
Fixed vs. PTZ Cameras .................................................................................................. 18
Flow of Alerts .................................................................................................................. 19
Types of Recording ......................................................................................................... 19
Region of Interest ............................................................................................................ 19
Learning Phase ............................................................................................................... 19
Frame Rate Parameter ................................................................................................... 20
IV Overlay ....................................................................................................................... 21
External Parameter File .................................................................................................. 21
System Requirements ................................................................................... 21

Database Systems Supported ........................................................................................ 22
Optimal Configuration ..................................................................................................... 22
Frame Size ...................................................................................................................... 22
Video Quality ................................................................................................................... 23
Getting Started .............................................................................................. 24

Important Terms ............................................................................................ 24
Chapter 2: Installing the IntelligentVideo Server Software ....27

IntelligentVideo Server Installation ................................................................ 27
IntelligentVideo Server Upgrade ................................................................... 29
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Chapter 3: Configuring IntelligentVideo ..................................31

IntelligentVideo Server Form ......................................................................... 32
Performing a Download to the IntelligentVideo Server ................................................... 33
IntelligentVideo Server Form Procedures ..................................................... 33

Configure an IntelligentVideo Server .............................................................................. 33
IntelligentVideo Events Form ........................................................................ 35

IntelligentVideo Events Form Procedures ..................................................... 37
Add IntelligentVideo Event Settings ................................................................................ 37
Modify IntelligentVideo Settings ...................................................................................... 38
Delete IntelligentVideo Settings ...................................................................................... 38
Copy and Paste Event Settings ...................................................................................... 39
Import Event Settings ...................................................................................................... 39
Export Event Settings ...................................................................................................... 39
Add an IntelligentVideo Solution ..................................................................................... 39
IntelligentVideo Application Form .................................................................. 40

IntelligentAudio Events Form ........................................................................ 41
Audio Level Event ........................................................................................................... 43
IntelligentAudio Events Form Procedures ..................................................... 44

Add IntelligentAudio Event Settings ................................................................................ 44
Modify IntelligentAudio Settings ...................................................................................... 45
Delete IntelligentAudio Settings ...................................................................................... 45
Chapter 4: Event Configuration Dialogs ..................................47

Event Configuration/Search Dialog ............................................................... 47
Event Configuration/Search Dialog Menu Options .......................................................... 49
Event Configuration/Search Dialog Fields ...................................................................... 51
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Event Configuration/Search Dialog Procedures ............................................ 54

Open the Event Configuration/Search Dialog ................................................................. 54
Configure Event Properties ............................................................................................. 55
Set Region of Interest ..................................................................................................... 56
Configure Perspective Correction ................................................................................... 57
Open the Video Channel Configuration Dialog ............................................................... 58
Video Channel Configuration Dialog ............................................................. 59

Video Channel Configuration Dialog Procedures .......................................... 60
Configure Video Channel Parameters ............................................................................ 60
Chapter 5: IntelligentVideo Concepts ......................................61

Background Model ........................................................................................ 61
Examples of Problematic Backgrounds .......................................................................... 62
Background Certainty ...................................................................................................... 64
Foreground Model ......................................................................................... 65

Foreground Model Diagnostics View .............................................................................. 65
Object Appeared as Changed ....................................................................... 65

Object Consistency ....................................................................................... 66
Calibrate Object Consistency and Minimum Length of Motion ....................................... 66
Video Stabilizer ............................................................................................. 67

Color Matching .............................................................................................. 67
Defining the Color ........................................................................................................... 67
Relevant Parameters ...................................................................................................... 67
Objects .......................................................................................................... 68
Foreground vs. Background Objects ............................................................................... 68
Object Properties ............................................................................................................ 68
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Direction and Speed ........................................................................................................ 69

Minimum Objects ............................................................................................................ 70
Object Size .................................................................................................... 70

Perspective Correction for Size ....................................................................................... 71
Setting Minimum Object Size and Maximum Object Size ............................................... 73
Motion Parameters ........................................................................................ 74

Summary of Motion Properties and Parameters ............................................................. 75
Multi-Resolution for Speed .............................................................................................. 75
The Scene ..................................................................................................... 75

Surveillance View ............................................................................................................ 75
Empty Versus Detailed Scenes ....................................................................................... 76
Frame Resolution .......................................................................................... 76
IntelligentVideo Events ....................................................77

Chapter 6: IntelligentVideo Events Overview .........................79
List of IntelligentVideo Events ....................................................................... 79
Chapter 7: Congestion Event ...................................................81

Typical Scenes .............................................................................................. 81
Event Properties ............................................................................................ 81
Event Parameters ......................................................................................... 83
Setting Congestion Pattern ........................................................................... 84
Changing the Density ...................................................................................................... 84
Changing the Height ....................................................................................................... 85
Graphical Output ........................................................................................... 85
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Frame Rate and Video Quality ...................................................................... 85
Chapter 8: Directional Motion Event ........................................87

Typical Scenes .............................................................................................. 87
Eligible Objects ............................................................................................. 87
Calibration Summary ..................................................................................... 91
Chapter 9: Facial Detection Event ............................................93

Typical Scenes .............................................................................................. 93
Video catalog of all the people entered to the facility ...................................................... 93
Integration with Access Control ....................................................................................... 93
Requirements ................................................................................................ 93
Effects of the Parameters ................................................................................................ 95

Chapter 10: Invalid Camera Event ............................................97

Typical Scenes .............................................................................................. 97
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Changing the Frame Rate to Increase Throughput ......................................................... 99

Detect PTZ Out of Home Position ................................................................................... 99
Graphical Output ......................................................................................... 101

Frame Rate and Video Quality .................................................................... 101
Chapter 11: Loitering Event ....................................................103

Typical Scenes ............................................................................................ 103
Event Properties .......................................................................................... 103
Event Parameters ....................................................................................... 104
Chapter 12: Object Crosses a Region Event .........................107

Typical Scenes ............................................................................................ 107
Eligible Objects ........................................................................................... 107
Calibration Summary ..................................................................................................... 110
Direction Accuracy ........................................................................................................ 110

Chapter 13: Object Detection Event .......................................113

Typical Scenes ............................................................................................ 113
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Background Learning Times for Intrusion Scenarios .................................................... 117

Object Detection Type Certainty ................................................................................... 118
Changing the Frame Rate ............................................................................................. 118
Object Differentiation ..................................................................................................... 118
Setting Size for Group of People ................................................................................... 119
Mantrap ......................................................................................................................... 119

Chapter 14: Object Left Behind Event ...................................121

Typical Scenes ............................................................................................ 121
Non-eligible Scenes .................................................................................... 121
Changing the Type Certainty ........................................................................................ 124
Alert on Object Only Once ............................................................................................ 124
Filtration by Orientation ................................................................................................. 125

Chapter 15: Object Lurking Event ..........................................127

Typical Scenes ............................................................................................ 127
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Chapter 16: Object Moves Too Fast Event ............................131

Typical Scenes ............................................................................................ 131
Eligible Objects ........................................................................................... 131
Setting the Speed ........................................................................................ 131
Setting up the Camera ................................................................................ 132
Chapter 17: Object Removed Event .......................................135

Typical Scenes ............................................................................................ 135
Non-eligible Scenes .................................................................................... 135
Changing the Type Certainty ........................................................................................ 138

Chapter 18: Object Starts to Move Event ..............................139

Typical Scenes ............................................................................................ 139
Eligible Scenes ............................................................................................ 139
Setting the Region of Interest ........................................................................................ 140
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Chapter 19: Object Stops Event .............................................143

Typical Scenes ............................................................................................ 143

Chapter 20: People Counting Event .......................................147

Typical Scenes ............................................................................................ 147
Flow ............................................................................................................................... 147
Camera Mounting and Location .................................................................................... 147
Camera Heights and Lenses ......................................................................................... 147
Overhead view .............................................................................................................. 148
Measuring Accuracy ...................................................................................................... 148
Use of Background Map .............................................................................. 149

Overview ....................................................................................................................... 149
Stickers ......................................................................................................................... 149
Installation ..................................................................................................................... 149
Flow ............................................................................................................................... 150
Operation ...................................................................................................................... 150

Calibrating the Person Width parameter ....................................................................... 152
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Correction Factor .......................................................................................................... 152

Sensitivity Threshold ..................................................................................................... 152
Diagnostic Mode ......................................................................................... 153

Chapter 21: Smart Video Motion Detection Event ................155

Setting Sequential Events ............................................................................................. 158
Setting Smart VMD Sensitivity to Change Automatically .............................................. 159

Maintaining Your System ...............................................161

Chapter 22: Diagnostics ..........................................................163
Switch to Diagnostic Mode .......................................................................... 163
Select the Diagnostic Display ...................................................................... 163
Perspective Correction for Size ................................................................... 164
Chapter 23: Logfiles ................................................................165

Message Structure ...................................................................................... 165
Types of Filters ............................................................................................ 166
Monitoring Logfiles for Overload Diagnostics .............................................. 166
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Alarm Logging ............................................................................................. 167

Logfile Output ................................................................................................................ 167
Bitmap Output ............................................................................................................... 167
Chapter 24: Calibration Filters ...............................................171

Chapter 25: IntelligentVideo FAQ ...........................................173
Background Learning .................................................................................. 173
Diagnostic View ........................................................................................... 173
Problematic Scenes .................................................................................... 173
Congestion .................................................................................................. 174
Directional Motion ....................................................................................... 174
Facial Detection .......................................................................................... 175
Loitering ...................................................................................................... 176
Object Crosses a Region ............................................................................ 176
Object Detection .......................................................................................... 176
Object Left Behind ....................................................................................... 177
Object Removed ......................................................................................... 177
People Counting .......................................................................................... 177
Smart VMD .................................................................................................. 178
Applications ................................................................................................. 178
Appendices ......................................................................181
Appendix A: Status Messages ...............................................183
Index ...............................................................................................185
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Getting Started
Chapter 1:
Introduction
OnGuard IntelligentVideo is a digital video analysis system with the ability to
recognize, analyze, and classify information in both live and recorded video.
IntelligentVideo is alert based; events are predefined to suit the environment, and
the system generates alarms when those events occur.
Typically the IntelligentVideo Server application is installed on a dedicated
machine. This machine is referred to throughout the documentation as the
IntelligentVideo Server. On a separate machine, the OnGuard software is
installed. IntelligentVideo events are configured in System Administration. The
IntelligentVideo Server, like all other downstream devices, receives this
configuration information and begins to process video from the video recorders.
Events generated by the IntelligentVideo Server are then transmitted to the
Security Server for storage in the Security Database, as well as to the Alarm
Monitoring clients in real time.
IntelligentVideo is also used for forensic style searching of recorded video.

Recorded video is processed on the Alarm Monitoring or VideoViewer client
using the defined events. For each event detected, a thumbnail image is created.
This enables you to browse through the events easily.
A single license for any IntelligentVideo feature allows that feature to be used for
both live and recorded video processing. A single stream of video for live
detection can be processed by the IntelligentVideo Server while recorded video is
search simultaneously in Alarm Monitoring.
IntelligentVideo events are processed differently in each of the OnGuard
applications:
System Administration - Events are configured in System Administration,

and live video is then processed by the IntelligentVideo Server using those
configured events. This is the only application the IntelligentVideo Server
processes events in. Only live video (not recorded) can be processed in this
application.
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1: Introduction
Alarm Monitoring and VideoViewer - Alerts are sent to Alarm Monitoring

based on the events configured in System Administration. Alarm Monitoring
or VideoViewer can then be used to run algorithms on either live or recorded
video. However, no processing is done by the IntelligentVideo Server when
these applications are used, and no alarms are sent to Alarm Monitoring.
The process for deployment of OnGuard IntelligentVideo is as follows:

1.
Pre-sales questionnaire is completed and sent to headquarters.
2.
A list of events and number of servers is compiled by headquarters and used

to create a quote.
3.
Four video clips are compiled and sent to headquarters for each camera.
Each clip is recorded at a different time of day with staged events. Video is
in LNR format with a pre-defined frame rate and resolution.
4.
Configuration files are prepared at headquarters and sent to the site to be

loaded and tested.
IntelligentVideo Event Processing in OnGuard

OnGuard
application
Recorded video
supported?
Live video
supported?
IVS processes
events?
System
Administration
No
Yes
Yes
Alarm Monitoring
Yes
Yes
No
VideoViewer
Yes
Yes
No
IntelligentVideo can only be used for scenes that meet the criteria for each event.
Specific scene criteria for each event are described in this user guide. Different
events have different scene limitations; be sure to pay close attention to these
when setting the event up. The camera must be positioned correctly, as described
for each event.
The events can be divided into two groups: background and non-background
events. Background events must learn the background of a scene in order to
determine when an event occurs. During the initial background learning stage a
message displays in the message pane of the Event Configuration/Search dialog
and alerts are not sent to Alarm Monitoring.
Architecture and Flow

Fixed vs. PTZ Cameras
IntelligentVideo supports fixed cameras and PTZ cameras parked in a fixed
position. All events can work on a fixed camera. IntelligentVideo has a
mechanism that can be configured to detect if a PTZ camera has been moved
from the home location. For more information, refer to Detect PTZ Out of Home
Position on page 99.
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Flow of Alerts
Alerts are sent to Alarm Monitoring when the IntelligentVideo engine detects an
event and the last detected event occurred more than eight seconds ago.
When an event occurs, an alert is automatically and immediately issued. The only
time an alert is not issued is if the event occurred less than eight seconds ago. For
example, if the event occurs less than eight seconds after a previous event, an
alert is not issued (with the exception of People Counting). When this situation
occurs, the only visual indication for the occurrence of the event is the graphical
overlay in the video player pane of the Event Configuration/Search dialog. For
more information, refer to Event Configuration/Search Dialog on page 47.
Types of Recording
The system supports the following inputs of video:
Live
Recorded, under continuous recording
Recorded, under time lapsed recording
Note:
In some situations, time lapsed recording might result in degraded results.

The longer the gap between continuous segments, the higher the potential for
degraded results.
Region of Interest
The Region of Interest (ROI) identifies the area of video to be processed. It is
strongly recommended you apply a ROI to every applicable event. If the ROI is
not set, the entire frame is considered the region of interest.
The ROI can be one of the following types:
Whole frame
Quadrilateral
General Polygon (in Smart VMD)
Rectangle (in Object Crosses a Region and People Counting)
For more information, refer to Set Region of Interest on page 56.
Learning Phase
Some IntelligentVideo events, the background events, require a period of time (2
minutes default) for auto-learning. This learning phase usually occurs when the
event is initially set up.
The following events require a pre-defined interval of auto-learning:
Congestion
Invalid Camera
Loitering
Object Left Behind
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Object Removed
Object Starts to Move
Object Stops
People Counting, in Background Map mode
Frame Rate Parameter

For each event there is a recommended default frame rate. for some of the events
you may want to change the default frame rate. Consult the specific chapters of
the events for more information.
Note:
The fps of the camera are specified in System Administration. The actual
frame rate of each event is set by the X Frame Rate parameter described
below.
Refer to the following table for default frame rates for each event.
Event
Default fps
Congestion
Directional Motion
Facial Detection
Invalid Camera
Loitering
Object Crosses a Region
Object Detection
Object Left Behind
Object Lurking
Object Moves Too Fast
15
Object Removed
Object Stops
People Counting
15
Smart VMD
In addition, there is an option to change the processed frame rate (the number of
frames which are actually processed per second). This is done through the
Channel Configuration dialog for each event. For more information, refer to
Video Channel Configuration Dialog on page 59.
Each event has a processed frame rate parameter. The name of this parameter is
X Frame Rate where X stands for the event name. This parameter controls
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the number of frames processed per second. The value of this parameter
determines the minimum gap between two consecutively processed frames.
Note:
You should only set the X Frame Rate parameter if you need to change the
default of the engine.
IV Overlay
The graphical output for an event can optionally be stored for IntelligentVideo
alarms. During the IntelligentVideo Server installation, there is an option to
enable the storage of processed video metadata. If this feature is enabled, the
graphical output of the event is stored to a file that can later be viewed as an
overlay with the video associated with the alarm. In the Video Player window,
select View > IV Overlay to display the graphical output for the event.
External Parameter File

If necessary, advanced user and technical support representatives can use an
external parameters file for parameters not supported by the Graphical User
Interface (GUI). The parameter file is a text file called AVAParams.txt. This file,
if active, must reside in the AVA folder (\Program Files\Common
Files\Lenel\AVA). Events configured in System Administration must have the
file located on the IntelligentVideo Server. To run algorithms from Alarm
Monitoring or VideoViewer, the file must be located on the client machine that is
running the application.
The file contains a list of parameters in the following format:
/ParameterName = ParameterValue
Each parameter starts at the beginning of a line. The parameter file is loaded after
you click [Refresh] on the Event Configuration/Search dialog or after you set a
new event.
The AVAParams.txt file is used by all channels located on the machine it resides
on. Different AVA.Params.txt files can be used for individual channels by
utilizing a naming convention that specifies an individual channel. To use the
AVAParams.txt file with a specific channel, append the channel number to the
file name in the following format: AVAParams_####.txt, where #### is the zero
padded channel number. For example, if you wish to use the AVAParams file
with channel 7, the file should be named AVAParams_0007.txt.
System Requirements
For the recommended IntelligentVideo Server PC requirements, refer to the
Lenel price book.
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1: Introduction
Database Systems Supported

IntelligentVideo is supported for use with Microsoft SQL Server databases; it is
not supported for Oracle databases.
Optimal Configuration
Optimal configurations include:
Camera Frame Rate: set to the frame rate required by the IntelligentVideo
Engine. For more information, refer to the Frame Rate Parameter table on
page 20.
Resolution: CIF, unless 4CIF is required by the IntelligentVideo engine for

detection of small objects.
Compression: Not greater than 50 in the System Administration scale.
Frame Rate
The frame rate configured for the camera cannot be less than the frame rate
required by the IntelligentVideo engine. Ideally, it should be identical. There are
two side effects to configurations in which the frame rate of the camera is higher
than the frame rate required by the engine:
With MPEG4 video streams, the IVS decompresses all of the frames, even
frames not required for the analysis by the engine. The decompression
consumes CPU time on the IVS. In some situations, the CPU-time required
for decompressing the full frame rate of the MPEG4 stream is higher than
the CPU-time required for the engine analysis.
The engine might process at a frame rate lower than recommended. For
example, if the engine requires 9 fps, and the frame rate of the camera is set
to 10 fps, there is no way to down-sample the fps while keeping uniform
time gaps between consecutive frames. Therefore the engine can either be
set to process the full frame rate (which wastes CPU resources) or work in a
frame rate lower than required potentially causing misdetections.
Resolution
By default, the IntelligentVideo engine works on CIF resolution, even if the
resolution set on the camera is higher. For more information, refer to Frame Size
on page 22.
Compression
The compression configured for the camera in System Administration is the same
compression of the video stream received by the IntelligentVideo engine. The
more the video stream is compressed, the more difficult it is to detect small
objects. Compression should be decreased as much as possible to increase the
video quality for accurate detection of objects. It is not recommended to have a
compression value greater than 50.
Frame Size
It is not recommended to work with resolutions higher than CIF. By default, sizes
greater than CIF are reduced and processed as CIF.
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In situations that a higher resolution is necessary, the frame should be processed

in its original size. This can be accomplished with the following parameter:
Field
Type
Description
Use Original
Frame Size
Advanced
Parameter
If enabled, force processing in the original frame size. Otherwise the frame is
processed in CIF resolution. The default value is Disabled.
Using higher resolution will reduce performance due to an increased computation

load. For example, a frame size of 4CIF causes a degradation in processing
throughput by a factor of approximately 4.
Frame size can also be scaled down using the Scale-Down Factor advanced
parameter. The factor is applied to the CIF size unless the Use Original Frame
Size parameter is being used to process 4CIF.
Note:
The Use Orignal Frame Size and Scale-Down Factor parameters should not
be used with the People Counting event which should always use CIF
resolution.
Due to the high computation cost of using high resolution processing, it is

recommended to use CIF resolution. When a higher resolution is required, it may
be possible to use the Scale-Down Factor parameter in combination with the Use
Original Frame Size parameter.
Video Quality
The IntelligentVideo engine is able to detect when the video quality is not
eligible for processing. When poor video quality is detected, an alarm is
displayed in Alarm Monitoring. There are two cases in which alarms will be
generated for video quality:
Poor video quality due to very low contrast caused, for example, by heavy
fog.
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1: Introduction
Very grainy video, usually caused because of insufficient lighting.
Getting Started
Complete the following to set up an IntelligentVideo system and define events.
Steps 1 and 2 can only be completed using System Administration. The
remaining steps can be completed using the VideoViewer, Alarm Monitoring, or
System Administration application.
1.
Install the IntelligentVideo Server application. For more information, refer

to Installing the IntelligentVideo Server Software on page 27.
2.
Configure video recorders and cameras. For more information, refer to the
System Administration User Guide.
3.
Configure the IntelligentVideo Server. For more information, refer to

Configure an IntelligentVideo Server on page 33.
4.
Configure an IntelligentVideo event. For more information, refer to

IntelligentVideo Events Form Procedures on page 37.
5.
Set the ROI. For more information, refer to Set Region of Interest on page
56.
6.
Optionally: Set Event Properties. For more information, refer to Configure

Event Properties on page 55.
7.
Optionally: Set event Parameters (usually not needed). For more

information, refer to Configure Video Channel Parameters on page 60.
8.
Get an alert when an event happens.
Important Terms
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2-D Speed - The two-dimensional speed of an object in terms of pixels per

second on the image plane.
3-D Speed - The three-dimensional speed of an object in real-world terms

such as miles per hour. Note that the 3D and 2D speeds of the same object
may be different because they are measured on different planes.
Background Model - The scene present in the camera view at the beginning
of processing.
Background Object - An object that is present in the camera view at the

beginning of processing or becomes part of the background by remaining in
the scene as the Background Model is updated.
Event - An occurrence that generates an alarm.
Event engine - The software module that detects a specific event.
Foreground Model - Everything in the camera view that is not part of the
background.
Foreground Object - An object that was not in the camera view at the
beginning of processing or left stationary in the scene long enough to
become part of the Background Model as it is updated.
ROI - The Region of Interest (ROI) is a polygon (usually a quadrangle). Can

be the whole frame. Regions which are outside the ROI are ignored.
ROI Mask - Polygon or set of polygons that define regions that should be
ignored by the relevant event engine.
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1: Introduction
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Chapter 2:
Installing the IntelligentVideo Server

Software
It is recommended that the IntelligentVideo Server be a separate, dedicated
computer, although technically it is possible to have OnGuard on the same
computer. This chapter describes how to install the IntelligentVideo Server
software.
Important:
The IntelligentVideo Server and the video recorder must use the same
Communication Server.
IntelligentVideo Server Installation

Note:
If the computer has OnGuard installed, you must first stop all LS and
LPS services in the Control Panel.
1.
In Explorer, navigate to the setup.exe file on the Lenel Network Video Suite.
2.
Double-click setup.exe.
3.
The Welcome window is displayed, click [Next >].
4.
The License Agreement window is displayed.
5.
6.
a.
Read the license agreement, and if you agree to the terms, select I
accept the terms in the license agreement.
b.
Click [Next >].
The Custom Setup window is displayed.

a.
Select This feature, and all subfeatures, will be installed on local

hard drive for the IntelligentVideo Server feature.
b.
Verify that all other features are set to This feature will not be
available.
c.
Select the desired Database Type.
d.
Click next.
The wizard proceeds, and the Destination Folder window is displayed.

a.
Leave the default location path to install the Network Video Suite
components to, or click [Change...] and select a new path.
b.
Leave the default location where the systems database will be installed
to, or click [Change...] and select a new path.
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2: Installing the IntelligentVideo Server Software
Notes:
If Microsoft SQL Server 2005 Express is already installed, you may need to
contact the system administrator for assistance with adding a new database.
The system database location cannot be changed with Oracle Express.
Leave the default location where the configuration settings will be

installed, or click [Change...] and select a new path.
d.
Click [Next >].
7.
The wizard proceeds, and indicates that it is ready to begin the installation.
Click [Install].
8.
The IVS Storage window is displayed. To save processed video metadata,

select the Enable storage of processed video metadata check box. For
more information, refer to IV Overlay on page 21.
9.
Note:
c.
a.
From the Available Locations list box, choose the location you wish to
use for storage. Choose <User Location...> if you wish to browse for an
alternate location.
b.
Click [>] to select the location and move it to the Selected Locations list
box.
c.
Specify the Data Folder Name that you wish to create and store the data
in.
d.
Specify the Leave Free Space (MB) that you wish to leave free on your
system.
The Security window is displayed.

It is recommended that only users with knowledge of Windows networking
and security configure this step.
a.
Select whether to limit access to members of the IVUsers group or use

anonymous DCOM connections.
b.
To change the SQL Server sa password if using SQL Express, select

the Change sa account password check box and set a new password.
Or to change the Oracle SYSTEM password if using Oracle Express,
select the Change SYSTEM account password check box and set a
new password.
c.
Click [Next >].
10. The Identity window is displayed

a.
b.
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Select how the account will be run.
If you wish to run IntelligentVideo using the system account, select

the Run as SYSTEM account radio button.
If you wish to run IntelligentVideo using a regular account, select

the Run as the following account radio button, and then specify
the user name, password, and then type the password again to
confirm the password.
Click [Finish].
11. The Security Utility is run. Follow the prompts to apply the changes. For
more information, refer to the Installation Guide.
12. The wizard completes. Click [Finish].
13. Restart the system even if you are not prompted to do so.
IntelligentVideo Server Upgrade

The Lenel Network Video Suite is also used to upgrade the IntelligentVideo
Server. After the IVS has been upgraded and the new version of OnGuard has
been installed, the IntelligentVideo Database Upgrade Utility must be run to
upgrade the IntelligentVideo event configurations. This utility is found in the
Digital Video folder on the Supplemental Materials disc, and should be run on
the OnGuard database server as a final upgrade step.
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2: Installing the IntelligentVideo Server Software
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Chapter 3:
Configuring IntelligentVideo
To configure OnGuard IntelligentVideo, you must configure the IntelligentVideo
Server (IVS) as well as the events. The IVS is configured on the IntelligentVideo
Server form in System Administration. Events are configured on the Event
Configuration/Search dialog, which is opened through the IntelligentVideo Event
form or the Video Player in System Administration.
In addition to events, you can configure channel parameters for the video channel
itself. Channel parameters are configured on the Video Channel Configuration
dialog.
The recommended configuration sequence in the OnGuard software is:
Toolbar Shortcut
1.
Configure an IntelligentVideo Server. For more information, refer to

Configure an IntelligentVideo Server on page 33.
2.
Configure a video recorder. For more information, refer to the System

Administration User Guide.
3.
Configure cameras. For more information, refer to the System

Administration User Guide.
4.
Configure IntelligentVideo event settings. For more information, refer to

IntelligentVideo Events Form Procedures on page 37.
The folder contains the following forms: the IntelligentVideo Server form, the
IntelligentVideo Events form, the IntelligentVideo Application form, and the
IntelligentAudio form.
You can display the IntelligentVideo folder by selecting IntelligentVideo from
the Video menu. or by selecting the IntelligentVideo toolbar button.
All of these configuration steps are performed in the System Administration
application. To open System Administration, navigate to Start > Programs >
OnGuard 2010 > System Administration.
revision 1 31
3: Configuring IntelligentVideo
IntelligentVideo Server Form

The IntelligentVideo Server (IVS) is a server designed to run complex video
algorithms for video processing of events. You can configure events from any
video recorder to be processed using the IVS. After events are detected and
processed, the IVS sends alarms to Alarm Monitoring.
IntelligentVideo Folder - IntelligentVideo Server Form

Form Element
Comment
Listing window
Lists currently defined IntelligentVideo Servers (IVS) and the total number of events
configured on each server.
Name
A descriptive name for the IVS server.
Online
If selected, the IVS will be online and the Communication Server will attempt to communicate
with it.
IntelligentVideo
Server Type
Select the server type from the drop-down list.
Workstation
The name of the workstation the IVS connects to.
Use IP Address
Select this radio button if you want to use the IP address of the IVS. This is the address
OnGuard will use to communicate with the IVS.
Use Computer
Name
Select this radio button if you want to use the computer name of the IVS. This is the name
OnGuard will use to communicate with the IVS.
Browse
Click this button to browse for the IVS computer name or workstation.
User Name and

Password
Enter the user name and password for the specific Windows account used by OnGuard to
connect with the IVS. If you leave these fields blank, OnGuard will use the interactive user
Windows account.
Note:
32 revision 1
It is recommended that only users with knowledge of Windows networking and

security configure these fields.
IntelligentVideo Folder - IntelligentVideo Server Form (Continued)

Form Element
Comment
World Time Zone
The world time zone for the geographical location of the IVS. The selections in the drop-down
list are sequential and each include:
The world time zones clock time relative to Greenwich Mean Time. (e.g. GMT +05:00
indicates that the clock time for the selected IVS is 5 hours ahead of the Greenwich Mean
Time.
The name of one or more countries or cities that are located in that world time zone.
Daylight Savings
Select this check box if the IVS is located in a location that utilizes daylight savings.
Add
Adds the IVS to the system.
Modify
Changes the connection settings or IVS name for the selected servers.
Delete
Removes the IVS from the system.
Help
Displays online help for this topic.
Close
Closes the IntelligentVideo folder.
Performing a Download to the IntelligentVideo Server

A download to the IntelligentVideo Server should be performed after each of the
following circumstances has occurred:
The IVS has been marked offline, and has been brought online again.
Whenever a new IVS is added to the system.
Whenever the IVS is upgraded.
The system has been converted to a segmented system.
When failover settings have been changed on a camera channel that has
IntelligentVideo events configured.
To perform a download, right-click the IVS and select Download.
IntelligentVideo Server Form Procedures

Configure an IntelligentVideo Server
1.
From the Video menu, select IntelligentVideo. The IntelligentVideo folder

opens.
2.
Click the IntelligentVideo Server tab.
3.
Click [Add].
4.
Enter a name for the IVS.
5.
Select IntelligentVideo Server or IntelligentVideo Application Server

from the IntelligentVideo Server Type drop-down list.
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6.
Identify how the IVS will communicate with the recorder, by entering the
workstation, and IP address or computer name of the IVS.
7.
Enter the user name and password for the specific Windows account used by
OnGuard to connect with the IVS, or use the default values.
8.
Select the world time zone for the geographical location of the selected IVS.
9.
Select the Daylight Savings check box if you want to properly convert
between various time formats for daylight savings.
10. Click [OK].

11. The Monitor Zone Assignments window is displayed. Select the monitor
zone(s) you wish to assign the server to and click [OK].
34 revision 1
IntelligentVideo Events Form

The IntelligentVideo Events form applies to cameras configured with any video
recorder. This form allows you to configure multiple events or one solution for a
camera to be processed on a specified IVS server only. Additional licensing
(Maximum Number of IntelligentVideo Streams) is required to use
IntelligentVideo processing.
In addition to events, you can configure channel parameters for the video channel
itself. The IntelligentVideo form includes a [Channel Configuration] button
which allows you to configure channel parameters. For more information, refer
to Video Channel Configuration Dialog on page 59.
IntelligentVideo Folder - IntelligentVideo Events Form

Form Element
Comment
Camera listing
window
Lists currently defined IP cameras and the recorders they are associated with, as well as the
channel, camera type, video standard, camera IP address, camera resolution, and IVS that will
process data for specific events.
IntelligentVideo
Server
Select the name of the IVS server for the selected camera.
IntelligentVideo
Solution
Lists the name of the IVS solution loaded on the camera.
Status
Displays the status of the selected IVS.
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IntelligentVideo Folder - IntelligentVideo Events Form (Continued)

Form Element
Comment
Channel
Configuration
Click this button to display the Video Channel Configuration dialog. The Video Channel
Configuration dialog is used to configure event parameters that apply to the entire video
channel and not the individual video processing algorithms.
The [Channel Configuration] button activates when System Administration successfully
connects to the selected IVS. Click this button to display the Video Channel Configuration
dialog.
Note:
You can also display the Video Channel Configuration dialog through a [Channel
Configuration] button on the Event Configuration/Search dialog. For more
information, refer to Video Channel Configuration Dialog on page 59.
Solution
Configuration
Click this button to access the Solution Configuration menu. Use this menu to Add, Modify,
Delete, or Convert Separate Events. The Add and Modify menu options launch the Solution
Configuration wizard. To stop using a solution while retaining configured events, select the
Convert Separate Events menu option. This option allows the user control over parameters
that are pre-configured as part of the solution.
Event Type
Displays the name of the configured event.
Name
A descriptive name for the event that will display in Alarm Monitoring. The name can be 21
characters long. Since OnGuard supports two events of the same type, for the same camera,
the name should be descriptive enough for Alarm Monitoring operators to recognize where the
event occurred.
Timezone
The timezone during which the specified IntelligentVideo setting is active. Timezones are
created on the Timezones folder, which is located by selecting Timezone from the Access
Control menu.
Recording
The type of recording that will be used. Choices include:
Alarm
Event - increased frame rate with pre-roll for OnGuard specific events. Event recording
settings are configured on the Event Mode sub-tab of the Camera form.
Normal - continuous or time-lapsed recording. Normal recording settings are configured

on the Normal Mode sub-tab of the Camera form.
Determines whether an alarm displays in Alarm Monitoring.
On - If the threshold is reached during the selected timezone, an alarm is sent from the
recorder to OnGuard and an alarm displays in Alarm Monitoring.
Off - If the threshold is reached during the selected timezone an alarm will not be active
(sent to OnGuard) nor will it display in Alarm Monitoring.
Displays the Event Configuration/Search Dialog where you can configure event-specific
parameters. For more information, refer to Event Configuration/Search Dialog on page
47.
Modify
Changes the IntelligentVideo settings for the selected camera.
Delete
Deletes all configured events for the selected camera. Only the [Delete] button can be used
with the Multiple Selection check box.
Help
Multiple Selection
Select this check box to select multiple entries in the listing window. Multiple selection only
applies to the delete option.
36 revision 1
IntelligentVideo Folder - IntelligentVideo Events Form (Continued)

Form Element
Comment
Close
IntelligentVideo Events Form Procedures

Add IntelligentVideo Event Settings
1.

opens.
2.
Click the IntelligentVideo Events tab.
3.
Select (place a checkmark beside) the appropriate camera.
4.
Click [Modify].
5.
Select the IVS that will process images for the events.
6.
With your cursor in the Event Type column, right-click and select Add.
7.
Select the event type from the drop-down list.
8.
Select the field that displays under the Name column. Enter a descriptive
name that will be appended to the alarm description in Alarm Monitoring
(when this event occurs).
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9.
Select the field in the Timezone column. A drop-down list displays. Select
the timezone during which the IntelligentVideo settings apply.
10. Select the field in the Recording column. A drop-down list displays. Select
the type of recording settings to use.
11. Select the field in the Alarm column. A drop-down list displays. Select
whether an alarm will display in Alarm Monitoring or not.
12. To configure event specific parameters, click the camera icon to the right of
the Alarm column.For more information, refer to Event Configuration/
Search Dialog on page 47.
13. To configure channel parameters for the video channel itself, click [Channel
Configuration]. For more information, refer to Video Channel Configuration
Dialog on page 59.
14. Repeat steps 5 through 12 for each new event you want for the specified
camera.
15. Click [OK].
Modify IntelligentVideo Settings

1.

opens.
2.
3.
4.
Click [Modify].
5.
Select a field in any of the columns.
6.
Change the settings.
7.
Click [OK].
Delete IntelligentVideo Settings
38 revision 1
1.

opens.
2.
3.
4.
Click [Delete].
5.
Click [OK].
Copy and Paste Event Settings

1.

opens.
2.
3.
Right-click the camera with the event settings you wish to copy and select
Copy Event(s).
4.
Select (place a checkmark beside) the camera you wish to paste the event
settings to.
Note:
To paste the event settings to multiple cameras, select the Multiple

Selection check box, then select the additional cameras.
5.
Right-click one of the selected cameras and select Paste Event(s) to paste all
of the event settings or Paste Special to choose which events to paste and
whether to include the channel configuration.
Import Event Settings

1.

opens.
2.
3.
Select (place a checkmark beside) the camera you wish to import event
settings to.
4.
Click [Modify].
5.
Select the IntelligentVideo Server from the drop-down list.
6.
Right-click in the camera list view and select Import event(s).
7.
Browse for the configuration file (*.xml) and click [Open].
Export Event Settings

1.

opens.
2.
3.
Select (place a checkmark beside) the camera you wish to export event
settings from.
4.
Right-click the camera in the list view and select Export event(s).
5.
Save the configuration file (*.xml).
Add an IntelligentVideo Solution

For more information, refer to the IntelligentVideo Solutions User Guide.
1.

opens.
revision 1 39
2.
3.
4.
Click [Modify].
5.
Select the IVS that will process images for the solution.
6.
Click [Solution Configuration] and select and select Add Solution from the
pop-up menu.
7.
The Solution Configuration wizard is displayed. Select the desired solution

from the IntelligentVideo Solution Type drop-down list and click [Next >].
8.
Select the Configuration Type corresponding to the scene from the dropdown list.
9.
An instance of the solution is created in the list view. The list view is used to
configure a name for the alarm, set the timezone for alarm generation, and
optionally configure the Out of Focus or Out of Home Position settings.
10. Click [Finish] to create the IntelligentVideo Solution Configuration.

11. Click [OK] to save the configuration.
IntelligentVideo Application Form

The IntelligentVideo Application Server (IV App Server) is a service whose main
purpose is to provide a host environment for individual IntelligentVideo
applications. The IV App Server performs the following functions:
40 revision 1
Provides a means to dynamically add and remove IntelligentVideo

applications.
Provides functionality common to all application such as error login, data,

and configuration persistence and communications.
Provides a base on which any number and wide range of applications can be
supported in the future.
Note:
Detailed configuration options appear after an application type has been

selected from the drop-down list. For more information, refer to the
IntelligentVideo Application Server User Guide.
IntelligentVideo Application Server Form

Form Element
Comment
Listing window
Lists currently defined applications with the type and server name.
Name
A descriptive name for the application.
Online
If selected, the application will be online and the Communication Server will attempt to
communicate with the application.
Server
Select the IntelligentVideo Application Server from the drop-down list.
Application Type
Select the type of application from the drop-down list.
Add
Adds an application to the system.
Modify
Changes the configuration of the application.
Delete
Removes the application from the system.
Help
Close
IntelligentAudio Events Form

The IntelligentAudio Events form is used to configure events to trigger alarms in
Alarm Monitoring. Currently only the Audio Level event is supported for
revision 1 41
generating alarms. Additional audio events can be used for forensic processing.
For more information, refer to the Digital Video Software User Guide.
IntelligentVideo Folder - IntelligentAudio Events Form

Form Element
Comment
Camera listing
window
Lists currently defined IP cameras and the recorders they are associated with, as well as the
channel, camera type, video standard, camera IP address, camera resolution, and IVS that will
process data for specific events.
IntelligentVideo
Server
Select the name of the IVS server for the selected camera.
Status
Displays the status of the selected IVS.
Event Type
Displays the name of the configured event.
Name
A descriptive name for the event that will display in Alarm Monitoring. The name can be 21
characters long. Since OnGuard supports two events of the same type, for the same camera,
the name should be descriptive enough for Alarm Monitoring operators to recognize where the
event occurred.
Timezone
The timezone during which the specified event is active. Timezones are created on the
Timezones folder, which is located by selecting Timezone from the Access Control menu.
Recording
The type of recording that will be used. Choices include:
Alarm
42 revision 1
Event - increased frame rate with pre-roll for OnGuard specific events. Event recording
settings are configured on the Event Mode sub-tab of the Camera form.
Normal - continuous or time-lapsed recording. Normal recording settings are configured

on the Normal Mode sub-tab of the Camera form.
Determines whether an alarm displays in Alarm Monitoring.
On - If the threshold is reached during the selected timezone, an alarm is sent from the
recorder to OnGuard and an alarm displays in Alarm Monitoring.
Off - If the threshold is reached during the selected timezone an alarm will not be active
(sent to OnGuard) nor will it display in Alarm Monitoring.
IntelligentVideo Folder - IntelligentAudio Events Form (Continued)

Form Element
Comment
Displays the Event Configuration/Search Dialog where you can configure event-specific
parameters. For more information, refer to Event Configuration/Search Dialog on page
47.
Modify
Changes the event settings for the selected camera.
Delete
Deletes all configured events for the selected camera. Only the [Delete] button can be used
with the Multiple Selection check box.
Help
Multiple Selection
Select this check box to select multiple entries in the listing window. Multiple selection only
applies to the delete option.
Close
Audio Level Event

The Audio Level event identifies sound events crossing a volume threshold.
Event Properties
The event properties are defined from the Event Configuration/Search dialog
which is launched with the camera icon on the IntelligentAudio Events form
during event configuration. For more information, refer to Event Configuration/
Note:
IntelligentAudio events do not have a region of interest or channel

parameters.
Property
Description
Threshold
Volume threshold for detection. Use the level displayed on the Event Feedback pane to
determine a value appropriate to the scene.
Minimal Duration
(seconds)
Length of time that sound should continue before an event is detected. The range of values is
0.010 to 10.000 seconds.
revision 1 43
IntelligentAudio Events Form Procedures

Add IntelligentAudio Event Settings
1.

opens.
2.
Click the IntelligentAudio Events tab.
3.
4.
Click [Modify].
5.
Select the IVS that will process images for the events.
6.
With your cursor in the Event Type column, right-click and select Add.
7.
Select the event type from the drop-down list.
8.
Select the field that displays under the Name column. Enter a descriptive
name that will be appended to the alarm description in Alarm Monitoring
(when this event occurs).
9.
Select the field in the Timezone column. A drop-down list displays. Select
the timezone during which the IntelligentAudio settings apply.
10. Select the field in the Recording column. A drop-down list displays. Select
the type of recording settings to use.
44 revision 1
11. Select the field in the Alarm column. A drop-down list displays. Select
whether an alarm will display in Alarm Monitoring or not.
12. To configure event specific parameters, click the camera icon to the right of
the Alarm column.For more information, refer to Event Configuration/
13. Click [OK].
Modify IntelligentAudio Settings

1.

opens.
2.
3.
4.
Click [Modify].
5.
Select a field in any of the columns.
6.
Change the settings.
7.
Click [OK].
Delete IntelligentAudio Settings

1.

opens.
2.
3.
4.
Click [Delete].
5.
Click [OK].
revision 1 45
46 revision 1
Chapter 4:
Event Configuration Dialogs

IntelligentVideo utilizes two dialogs for the configuration of events. The Event
Configuration/Search dialog is used to configure event properties, and the Video
Channel Configuration dialog is used to configure event parameters.
Event Configuration/Search Dialog

The Event Configuration/Search dialog is used to:
Configure event parameters for real-time video processing and alarm

generation. This includes motion detection, blind camera and brightness
changes as well as events for IntelligentVideo, and IntelligentAudio
processing.
Display alerts when events occur. Alerts display in three areas of the dialog:
In the video window, alerts display as a highlighted area.

In the Event Feedback pane, alerts display as a spike in the alert status
graph.
In the alarm history pane, alerts display as thumbnails or text.
Search LNVR or LDVR recorded/archived video for the occurrence of
specific events.
View search results as a detailed list or thumbnail images.
Play recorded video search results in the Video Player pane.
Play live video in the Video Player pane.
The Event Configuration/Search dialog can be used with the following video
sources:
Live video
Recorded video, accessed through a video recorder
Exported video files
revision 1 47
4: Event Configuration Dialogs
Note:
When playing exported video over a network, the Windows account that the
LpsSearchSvc service runs under must have permission to access the files.
Video player pane
Configuration
pane
Event
Feedback
pane
Alarm
History
pane
Channel
Configuration
button
Note:
48 revision 1
Different fields, buttons and event options are available, depending on how
you open the Event Configuration/Search dialog.
Event Configuration/Search Dialog Menu Options

The following table describes the menu and sub-menu options available from the
Event Configuration/Search dialog.
Event Configuration/Search Dialog - Menus

Menu Name
Menu
Options
Function
Event Menu
Select Event
Enables you to select the event for which the current video source will be
analyzed.
Note:
The Select Event sub-menu option is available only if you open the
Event Configuration/Search dialog using the Video Player.
In System Administration, you have to select an event before you can
open the Event Configuration/Search dialog. Therefore, if you selected
an event to open the dialog this the Select Event sub-menu option will
not display.
Screen Output
Some event feedback and configuration parameters display directly on the video
to help you visualize what is being (or what has been) configured. If you wish to
enable this output, verify a checkmark displays beside this sub-menu option.
Load/Save
Configuration
Allows you to save the current configuration and load it at a later time for the
same type of event.
Copy/Paste
Configuration
It is possible to copy a configuration from one event and paste it to a different

event. In this case, all parameters that apply to the new event will be used.
For example, the configuration for a motion detection event can be copied/pasted
to an abandoned object event. In this example, the Region of interest parameter
exists in both events, so that parameter will be saved. But the abandoned object
event does not use Threshold, so that parameter will be ignored. Lastly, motion
detection did not use the Duration parameter, so the original duration value for
the abandoned object event will be used.
Show
Advanced
Configuration
Select this sub-menu item to view additional properties used for troubleshooting
and diagnostics. These advanced properties are used for advanced calibration of
events and should rarely be used.
revision 1 49
Event Configuration/Search Dialog - Menus (Continued)

Menu Name
Menu
Options
Function
Player Menu
Switch to
Recorded/
Live
Enables you to switch to and from recorded and live video.
Select Start/
End Times
Displays a dialog where you can select the start and end times of a recorded
video search.
Export Frame
Allows you to export the current frame into a picture file. Supported image
formats are BMP, JPEG, GIF, TIFF, and PNG.
Play
Starts/resumes video playback. This command is not visible when video is

playing.
Pause
Pauses playback. When video play is resumed, it continues from where it was
temporarily stopped. This command is visible only when video is playing.
Stop
Stops playback and rewinds the video to the beginning.
Search
Fast-forwards through video while continuing to analyze it. This allows you to
search through video faster than real-time and look for events of interest, using
the Event Output and Event History panes.
Zoom
Enables you to set pre-defined (50%, 100%, and 200%) zoom levels for the
video player.
Frame Rate
Sets the frame rate at which video is fed to the client side. By default, this value
is set to 10 frames per second (fps). If the source video is set at a higher fps,
video will be analyzed at the higher frame rate, but some frames will not be sent
to the client display.
This option is available when the client display is on a computer separate from
the video analysis service and the network connection between client and the
service is less than ideal. Reducing the frame rate will speed up processing
because the server side will not have to wait for the client to consume the video
frames it has sent.
50 revision 1
Event Configuration/Search Dialog Fields

The following table describes some of the configuration parameters available in
the Event Configuration/Search dialog.
Event Configuration/Search Dialog - Fields

Pane
Field
Description
Video Player Pane
Video window
Video playback window.

Note:
Command buttons
and Status
indicator
If configuration or event feedback controls have any

additional information, you may choose to draw in this
window or on top of the video.
Buttons at the bottom of the pane allow you to execute the same
commands that are available through the menus. In addition to the menu
options, the command buttons allow you to:
Set an arbitrary zoom level for the entire video search window
Search video by using the position indicator/seek bar control
Play, pause, and stop recorded video
Play the video at an accelerated rate by using the search button
Indicates the current status of the IntelligentVideo engine or video

processing engine. If there are problems connecting to the search server
component, the status indicator will indicate the connection state and
any error values encountered.
Note:
In live video mode, most of these controls are absent since

live video cannot be paused, stopped, or searched. The only
option available with live video is to change the zoom level.
revision 1 51
Event Configuration/Search Dialog - Fields (Continued)

Pane
Field
Configuration
Pane
The fields that display in the Configuration pane depend on the event selected. An event must
be selected to populate the Configuration pane.
Region of Interest
(ROI)
Description
The ROI identifies the area of video to be processed.
Click the Create a Region of Interest button

and then click on the
video to mark the area you wish to define. The ROI is a general polygon
which can consist of a minimum of 4 and a maximum of 10 vertices.
Once the ROI has been created, use the mouse to drag and drop any of
the green vertices or the entire ROI if adjustments are necessary.
Click the Delete Region Of Interest button

ROI.
Mask
to remove an existing
The ROI mask identifies an area of video to ignore.
Click on the Create a Mask button

mark the area you wish to ignore.
and then click on the video to
Once the mask has been created, use the mouse to drag and drop any of
the green vertices or the entire mask if adjustments are necessary.
Click the Delete Mask button
52 revision 1
to remove an existing mask.

Pane
Field
Event Feedback
Pane
Alert status graph
Description
A color-coded graphical representation of alerts. An alert is created only

if the last detected event occurred more than 8 seconds ago.
Note:
Time Range
For recorded video, you can click on any part of the graph to
view the corresponding video. The video search must first be
stopped.
Select the duration of time used by the graph.
Level
The current level of change. Levels range from 0 to 100. The first and
last frames of an event must have a value greater than or equal to the
specified level, to be included in the search results.
Status Message
Pane
Displays messages regarding the status of the background. Statuses that
can be generated include:
History
Events disabled: engine initializing: Notifies that the initial

background has not been acquired yet, therefore the events that
require background are disabled.
New Background Image Acquired: Notifies that a new

background model was acquired [the background model is
constantly learned, and it is updated every Background learning
(the parameter) seconds].
Displays the history of the status messages.
revision 1 53

Pane
Field
Description
Alarm History
Pane
Event Thumbnail
View
Displays a scaled-down image of the video frame for each detected

event.
You can double-click a thumbnail to view the recorded video for that
event (in the Video Player pane). The video search must first be
stopped.
The Event Thumbnail View does not apply to live video.
Event Detail View
Displays information (start time, end time and duration) about each
event that was detected.
You can double-click an event to view the recorded video for that event
(in the Video Player pane). The video search must first be stopped.
The Event Thumbnail View does not apply to live video.
Help
Push button
Close
Push button
Closes the Event Configuration/Search dialog.
Refresh
Push button
Once the event configuration is modified, this button will be enabled

and allows you to apply configuration changes.
Event Configuration/Search Dialog Procedures

Open the Event Configuration/Search Dialog
The Event Configuration/Search dialog can be opened using the Video
Processing form or IntelligentVideo Events form (in System Administration) or
using the Video Search menu option (in Video Player).
Using the IntelligentVideo Events form
54 revision 1
1.
Open System Administration.
2.

opens.
3.
4.
Select (place a check mark beside) the appropriate camera.
5.
Click [Modify].
6.
Click the camera icon located in the lower right side of the Event Type
listing window. The Event Configuration/Search dialog opens.
Using the Video Player
Toolbar Shortcut
1.
Launch video from a camera using the Video Player.
2.
Verify the recorded video is playing.
3.
Click the Video Search toolbar button or from the Control menu select
Video Search. The Event Configuration/Search dialog displays.
Configure Event Properties

When you configure event properties, you define the parameters that make up an
event. For example, direction and object size are event properties for the Object
Detection event.
Event properties are defined per event, not per channel. Therefore, you can
define several unique event properties for the same event on the same video
channel.
1.
Open the Event Configuration/Search dialog. For more information, refer to

Open the Event Configuration/Search Dialog on page 54.
2.
If you opened the Event Configuration/Search dialog using the Video Player,
select the event type from the Event menu.
3.
In the Event Configuration/Search dialog, the Configuration pane displays

optional and required event parameters. Some parameters require you to
select a check box to enable the parameter and adjust a slider to set the value
of the parameter. Other parameters display as a drop-down menu from which
you select a parameter. If a button displays in the Configuration pane, then
click the button to enable the feature and adjust the values of the parameter
in the Video player pane. Advanced properties are displayed by selecting
Show Advanced Configuration from the Event menu.
4.
Be sure to set the region of interest. For more information, refer to Set
Region of Interest on page 56.
5.
If necessary, configure event parameters that apply to the video channel

itself. For more information, refer to Video Channel Configuration Dialog
on page 59.
6.
Click [OK].
revision 1 55
Set Region of Interest

The Event Configuration/Search dialog has a region of interest (ROI) button.
Although this setting is optional, it is highly recommended that ROI is used
whenever possible to reduce computation time and the probability of false
alarms. If the ROI is not set, the entire frame is considered the region of interest.
All the events except Object Crosses a Region and People Counting support the
use of ROI.
Toolbar Shortcut
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1.

Event Configuration/Search Dialog on page 47.
2.
If you opened the Event Configuration/Search dialog using the Video Player,
select the event type from the Event menu.
3.
Click the Create Region of Interest button.
4.
In the Video Player pane left-click to create a starting point for the area you
want to highlight. A green dot displays.
5.
Click another point in the area you want to highlight. A red line connecting
the two points displays.
6.
Continue clicking points to expand the highlighted area.
Note:
The ROI is a general polygon which can consist of a minimum of 4 and a

maximum of 10 vertices.
7.
Note:
Use the mouse to drag and drop any of the green vertices or the entire ROI if
adjustments are necessary.
If at any time you want to remove a highlighted area, select it and click the
Delete Region of Interest toolbar button.
8.
Only the highlighted area is recorded or searched.
Configure Perspective Correction

The Perspective Correction mechanism is used to adjust the perceived size of an
object for the 2-D image plane. It is configured on a per event basis, however
once it is configured for an event it must be copied to each event on that channel
that enables Perspective Size Correction. It is available for the Object Detection,
Object Left Behind, Object Removed, and Loitering events. For more
information, refer to Perspective Correction for Size on page 71.
1.
Physically place a quadrangle object in the camera view. The quadrangle

should have the following properties:
It must be parallel to the top and bottom of the video frame.
It should be a rectangle where the top and bottom lines represent the
same real-world length.
It should be as large as possible.
2.
Open the Event Configuration/Search dialog for the event.
3.
From the Event menu, select Show Advanced Configuration.
4.
Click the Perspective Correction for Size
5.
Using the mouse, right-click each of the four corners of the rectangle located
on the image plane. The area selected will be displayed as a green
quadrangle.
button.
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Note:
When using the object size properties with the Perspective Correction
mechanism, the Minimum and Maximum Object Sizes configured reflect the
size of the object as it appears in the center of the ROI. If there is no ROI
defined, the entire video frame is the ROI.
6.
Note:
Select Enable from the Use Perspective Size Correction drop-down.

Diagnostic modes are available to assist in the configuration of Perspective
Correction for Size. For more information, refer to Chapter 22: Diagnostics
on page 163.
7.
Right-click the Configuration pane and select Copy Configuration.
8.
In the Copy Event Configuration window, deselect any other available

properties such that Perspective Correction for Size is the only property
highlighted.
9.
Click [OK].
10. Close the event configuration.

11. If you are configuring additional events on the same channel that will use
perspective correction for size:
a.
Add the next event in the IntelligentVideo Events form and launch the
Event Configuration/Search dialog.
b.
Select Enable from the Use Perspective Size Correction drop-down.
c.
Right-click the Configuration pane and select Paste configuration.
d.
Finish configuring the event.
e.
Repeat steps a through d for each additional event on the channel.
Open the Video Channel Configuration Dialog

The Video Channel Configuration dialog can be opened using the Video
Processing and IntelligentVideo Events forms (System Administration) or using
the Event Configuration/Search dialog available through the Video Player.
Using the IntelligentVideo Events form
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1.
Open System Administration.
2.

opens.
3.
4.
Select (place a check mark beside) the appropriate camera.
5.
Click [Modify].
6.
Select an IntelligentVideo Server from the drop-down list.
7.
Click [Channel Configuration] (located below the camera listing window on

the right side). The Video Channel Configuration dialog opens.
Using the Event Configuration/Search Dialog

1.

Open the Event Configuration/Search Dialog on page 54.
2.
Click [Channel Configuration] (located on the lower right side of the

window). The Video Channel Configuration dialog opens.
Video Channel Configuration Dialog

Video channel configuration parameters can be applied to real-time
IntelligentVideo processing and to recorded video searches. The Video Channel
Configuration dialog is used to configure event parameters that apply to the
video channel itself and not the video processing algorithms. For example, if the
source video has a lot of motion, background learning time may need to be
increases so the video processing engine picks out static scene elements more
accurately.
Video Channel Configuration Dialog

Form Element
Comment
Video Channel
Configuration
listing window
Displays the video channel processing properties and user-configured values. Parameters are
sorted into types. Values are modified directly in the listing window. A new value may be
entered or selected from the drop-down list. Values that have been modified from the default
appear in bold. Click [Explain] to read a detailed description of the selected property.
OK
Accepts the video channel configuration changes and closes the dialog.
Cancel
Rejects the video channel configuration changes and closes the dialog.
Load
Configuration
Displays an Open window from which you can select the .XML configuration file you want
to load.
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Video Channel Configuration Dialog (Continued)

Form Element
Comment
Save
Configuration
Saves the set of video channel configuration parameters for reuse.
Reset to Defaults
Resets all parameter settings to their original default settings.
Show Parameters
Only For
Select this check box to display only parameters which are relevant to the selected event. Only
events configured for the current channel are available in the drop-down list.
Show Advanced
Parameters
Select this check box to view additional parameters used for troubleshooting and diagnostics.
The default setting hides the advanced parameters.
Explain
Click this button to read a detailed description of the selected property.
Video Channel Configuration Dialog Procedures

Configure Video Channel Parameters
Two types of parameters are available: basic and advanced. Parameters are
defined per channel and for each event there is a unique set of parameters. You
can set parameters by pressing the [Channel Configuration] button in the Event
Configuration/Search dialog. By default, only basic parameters display. If you
want to set an advanced parameter, click the Show Advanced Parameters check
box. Advanced parameters should only be set by expert level administrators.
A parameter can be set by entering or selecting a value from the drop-down list in
the listing window.
1.
Display the Video Configuration dialog. For more information, refer to Open
the Video Channel Configuration Dialog on page 58.
2.
It is recommended that you select the Show Parameters Only For check
box.
3.
Select (highlight) a property name.
4.
Select or enter the property value.
5.
Repeat steps 3 and 4 for each property.
6.
Click [Save Configuration] if you would like to be able to load these

configurations at another time.
Click [OK].
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Chapter 5:
IntelligentVideo Concepts
This section contains important concepts necessary to optimize IntelligentVideo
results and is essential information for installation and troubleshooting.
Background Model
A scene is regarded as an eligible background scene if for a given time (X
seconds) every part of the background is exposed for at least X/2 seconds.
Typically, the X value is anywhere from 30 seconds to 10 minutes.
The duration of background exposure does not have to be continuous (exposure
for X/2 consecutive seconds) as long as every part of the background receives X/
2 seconds of exposure.
In particular, if there are foreground objects in the scene during the interval (X
seconds), the foreground objects must change location from time to time such
that the entire background is exposed at least X/2 seconds at every point.
Backgrounds with constant changes in lighting or backgrounds with reflective
surfaces are considered unstable backgrounds. Typical scenes that are not eligible
background scenes include:
Scenes with big reflective surfaces (like windows)
Scenes which are constantly loaded
Scenes with constantly changing light
Background model is built constantly and updated in a pre-defined period. There

are two types of periods:
Initial period
Regular period
During the initial period there is no valid background model. When the initial
period ends a background is available.
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5: IntelligentVideo Concepts
Background Model Parameters

Parameter
Relevant Events
Description
Initial Background Learning
Congestion
Duration of initial period for autolearning.
Invalid Camera
Background Learning
Object Left Behind
Duration of auto-learning period.
Object Removed
Loitering
Object Detection
Object Stops
The default values for Background Learning are 90 seconds. One might need to
change these values in the case of scenes that are noisy or have constant change
in lighting. For example, for an outside scene with direct sunlight, it might be
better to use a learning phase of as low as 15 seconds. In this case, it is important
to restrict the object size for detection to the highest value possible. Notice that
having the learning stage too short might result in a background model which is
not converged properly if the scene is busy, or if foreground objects remain still
for more than half the period. Disabling this parameter, especially in scenes
involving changes in lighting, can cause the background to become invalid.
Examples of Problematic Backgrounds

The following are three examples of:
1.
Scenes with gradual but constant change in background. In these cases the
auto-learning background period should be short (2 minutes).
2.
Scene in which part of it has a non-eligible background.
3.
Scene in which the entire background is non-eligible.
Gradually but constantly changing background. Typical example is outside

scene with direct sunlight, as shown in the illustration that follows. The shadows
are gradually and continuously changing, therefore the background learning
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phase should be relatively short (in the range of 15 seconds to 2 minutes,

depending on how busy the scene is).
Part of the background is non-eligible. Typical example is a big window or

wall of windows, as shown below. In these cases the user should set a ROI that
does not contain the windows or immediate neighborhood of the window.
The whole background is non-eligible. Typical example is a crowded scene

which contains people standing for very long periods, as shown below. There are
many people who stand all over the scene, and there is also a constant motion of
people around. In these cases, the auto-learning will be converged to wrong
background model.
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How to know for a specific scene if the background is eligible. For most of the
cases, one can tell just by the nature of the scene, as we saw in the three
examples, but there is a way to actually see the convergence process of the
background.
For that, one should do the following:
1.
Set the advanced parameter Diagnostics Output Mode to the value 1 (refer to
Chapter 22: Diagnostics on page 163).
2.
Run the IntelligentVideo GUI (through the VideoViewer or from the

IntelligentVideo form in System Administration).
3.
Select an event which requires a background. Events that require a

background are:
4.
Congestion, Invalid Camera, Loitering, Object Left Behind,

Object Lurking, Object Detection, Object Removed, Object
Starts to Move, Object Stops
Select: Event->Screen Output->Diagnostics Video Mode.
Now the video window displays the convergence process of the background.
Whenever the background is updated there is a corresponding message in the
Status Message pane. The display at the time of the background acquired
message should be the background itself. If inside the ROI (or the whole frame if
ROI is not defined) the display is not the real background then it means that the
convergence failed to gain the real background. Every blob/spot/object in the
display that is not part of the background can cause mis-detections or false
detections in the area it resides.
Background Certainty
The Background Certainty is an optional mechanism that can be used to filter out
potential false alarms in the following events:
Congestion
Object Detection
Object Left Behind
Object Removed
Regions with false motion, such as moving shadows on a sunny day, tend to
generate false objects. These region of potentially unstable background are
detected during the Background Learning process.
This mechanism, as with any filtration mechanism, can cause misdetections. It is
recommended for use only in response to false alarms in unstable background
regions.
False objects can be ignored with the Background Certainty mechanism by
setting the Background Certainty parameter to Enabled.
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Foreground Model
Foreground Model is a built-in mechanism which is useful for outside scenes
where there are changes in lighting intensity. For example, the area close to a set
of windows might generate false objects because of the gradual change in
lighting. In these cases, the Foreground Model can be used to eliminate false
alarms. The foreground model is not useful for cases in which the false objects
have changing patterns caused by light, as opposed to a spot of light or shadow.
In outside scenes it is recommended to use this filter in addition to other filters.
The use of Foreground Model is set with the Boolean parameter Verify Object
Saliency.
The Foreground Model can be used in the following events:
Congestion
Loitering
Object Detection
Object Left Behind
Object Removed
The Foreground Model works well with objects under surveillance view.
When objects are too close to the camera, the use of Foreground Model might
cause misdetections. Using the Foreground Model in blurred video (e.g. foggy
day, dark day, etc.) when the objects are small may also cause misdetections.
Foreground Model Diagnostics View

The Diagnostic View for the foreground is 39. This mode is available only if the
parameter Verify Object Saliency is enabled.
This view shows the original video, where every region that is not regarded as
part of the background appears in white and every region which is not part of the
background model or the foreground appears in red. A foreground object should
be indicated by white regions with only small amounts of red pixels.
Object Appeared as Changed

Object Appeared as Changed is an optional mechanism that reduces false alarms
in outdoor scenes with sudden changes lighting (for example, the sun coming out
of some clouds).
This mechanism can be used with the following events:
Object Detection
Object Left Behind
Object Removed
This mechanism, as any filtration mechanism, can cause misdetections. It is

recommended for use only if there are false detections caused by changes in
lighting. It is efficient for filtering out false objects detected because of a gradual
change between the current frame and the background model image. This
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mechanism is not applicable to objects that move very slowly before they
become static.
Object Appeared as Changed should be set if the objects you wish to detect are
the type of objects that could have been detected using the Smart VMD event.
The Change Detection Mechanism is turned on using the Object Appeared as
Changed parameter.
Object Consistency
Object consistency applies only to the Object Detection event. It is a tool that
filters out phantom objects or objects that are not of interest to the user.
An object is considered consistent if it appears several times and optionally, if it
is moving (in any direction).
Due to different kinds of noise that exist, there is often a flickering of small
objects for one frame. However, the probability of a relatively big object (700
pixels or more) flickering is rare. Therefore, the use of the consistency filter is
extremely important when trying to detect small objects.
Object Consistency Parameters

Parameter
Relevant Events
Description
Object Consistency Filter
Object Detection
Values range from 0 to 5 (1 is the default). Higher values

filter out more objects.
Minimum Length of
Motion
Minimum distance (in pixels) an object must cover to

trigger an event.
The Minimum Length of Motion is very useful when the
objects of interest are not static (that is, they are
moving). In this case, you should set this value to the
minimum number of pixels that you know each object of
interest is going to travel in one direction.
Calibrate Object Consistency and Minimum Length of

Motion
The Object Consistency filter is used to filter out noise and is a crucial tool to
avoid false alarms. It should be calibrated according to the specific application.
Refer to the diagnostics display for Object Detection to calibrate this parameter.
Note, setting the value too high might filter out real objects when objects are
moving fast, in the 2-D plane.
Minimum Length of Motion is useful when the objects of interest are moving. In
this case, set this value to the minimum number of pixels each object will move.
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Video Stabilizer
Camera vibrations can be caused by outdoor scenes involving wind, when
hooked to a ceiling near a ventilator, or other scenarios. Vibrations can be
problematic mainly for Smart VMD and Object Detection.
The Video Stabilizer removes vibrations from the image during the preprocessing stage, before video analysis.
Name
Type
Default
Description
Use Video
Stabilizer
Boolean
Disabled
If enabled, stabilizes the video at the pre-processing stage.
To view stabilized video, switch to Diagnostics View and set the Diagnostics
Output Mode parameter to 57.
Color Matching
Color matching applies to the Object Detection and Smart VMD events, where
color can be one of the object properties used to detect an object.
Be aware that the appearance of a color can look different in different cameras
under different lighting conditions. Therefore, it is highly recommended you set
only saturated colors. Discrimination between shades of similar colors is
problematic, unless the video quality is stable and there are no significant
lighting changes.
Defining the Color

You can define colors by selecting a color from a standard table of colors. Color
is selected based on sight. After you select the color, you can see colors that
considered similar to your choice in the current scene. Areas regarded as similar
to the selected color are shown in their natural color, while other areas are shown
in dark gray color. You should adjust the parameters to optimize the color setting
Relevant Parameters
Two parameters are used for defining color similarity. By the order of
significance:
1.
Hue
2.
Grayness
Parameters should be calibrated by selecting the desired color and then playing
with the Hue and Grayness while watching the video player pane. Recall that
areas that are regarded as similar to the selected color are shown in their natural
color, while other areas are shown in dark gray. Notice that the Hue functions as
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tolerance. The greater the Hue, the higher the tolerance is, and more regions of
the view are regarded as matching to the selected color.
The Hue parameter is more significant than the Grayness parameter. The
Grayness parameter should be used rarely, only if the results received from
adjusting the Hue parameter are not satisfactory. The Hue parameter is
monotonic. As the value is increased, regions of the image more closely match
the selected color. This is not true for the Grayness parameter which is only
monotonic for sub intervals of the slider. There may be singular points along the
slider where regions that matched the selected color change to mismatches as the
value is increased.
Objects
Foreground vs. Background Objects
The system has the ability to discriminate between foreground and background
objects. For example, the Object Left Behind and Object Detection events detect
foreground objects, while the Object Removed detects background objects.
The foreground vs. background is relevant for the following events:
1.
Object Detection
2.
Object Left Behind
3.
Object Removed
There is a parameter that controls the certainty of the classification of an object

as foreground or background. The following table describes the relevant
parameter for each of the events:
Event
Parameter
Units
Default
Description
Object Left
Behind
Object Left
Type Certainty
signed percents
(-100...100)
0 means equal probability for Left

and Removed. Higher positive
percent is a higher probability for
Left.
Object Detection
Type Certainty
Percentage (0...1)
0.5
0.5 means equal probability for

foreground and background. The
higher the grade, the higher the
probability for foreground
Object Removed
Object
Removed
Type Certainty
signed percents
(-100...100)
0 means equal probability for

Removed and Left. Higher
positive percent is a higher
probability for Removed.
Object Properties
You can discriminate between objects using three main objects properties:
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Size
Eccentricity - Describes how elongated the object is. More accurately, it is

the ratio between the objects main axis and secondary axis. The axes of an
object are the axes of the best fitting ellipse to the object.
Orientation - Describes the orientation of the main axis of the object. For
humans the orientation is typically vertical and for vehicles it is typically
horizontal.
Object properties are (fully or partially) used for the following events:
Loitering
Object Left Behind
Object Detection
Object Removed
The following tables provides a summary of Object Properties that can be set by
the user. The right-most column describes if it refers to a Foreground (F) or to
Background (B) objects.
Event
Size
Eccentricity
Orientation
Saliency
Color
Foreground/
Background
Loitering
Yes
No
No
No
No
Object Detection
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Object Left Behind
Yes
Only max
No
Yes
No
Object Removed
Yes
Only max
No
Yes
No
Smart VMD
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
F&B
Perspective Distortion of Objects

Perspective distortion of objects happens when an object is too close to a camera.
It means that the image of the object appears such that the ratio of the dimensions
are not as in reality.
Note:
Eligible objects are objects with no perspective distortion.
Direction and Speed

Three dimensional (3-D) direction in the physical world is different from two
dimensional (2-D) direction in the image plane. For example, consider a 2-D
image of a long straight road, (where the camera is looking toward it with wide
angle). The angle between two lines on the image plane might be completely
different from the real world (and people tend to conceive the image as if it were
in 3-D). Another example are parallel lines in the 3-D world that converge in a 2D image seen in the Minimum Objects section.
Similarly, 3-D speed in the physical world is different from 2-D speed in the
image plane. The speed of an object in the 2-D image is defined by the number of
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pixels the object passes in a given time unit. In the physical world, the speed of
an object is defined by the distance it travels in a given time unit. Therefore, even
though object A moves faster than object B in the physical world, in the 2-D
image plane it can happen that object B moves faster than object A.
Object speed depends on two factors: the distance of each object from the camera
and the direction of each object, relative to the image plane. If an object moves
toward the camera, its 2-D speed is zero. On the other hand, if an object moves
parallel to the image plane, then the full capacity of its speed is measured.
Maximum 2-Dimensional Speed

The 2-D speed should not exceed 20 pixels between consecutive frames. For
motion events, the recommended rate is 9 fps so, the 2-D speed should not
exceed 180 pixels per second.
Minimum Objects
Motion can be detected for objects as small as 75 pixels, but the smaller the
objects are the higher the probability for false alarms.
The image below (CIF resolution) is an example of a small object (the car
bounded by blue rectangle) with size of about 75 pixels that still can be analyzed.
Object Size
The Object Size mechanism is useful in eliminating potential false alarms. This
feature works as a filter and will not cause additional detections. The Object Size
mechanism is configured with the following properties:
Minimum Object Size
Maximum Object Size
Perspective Correction for Size
The Perspective Correction for Size mechanism is used to compensate for the
size differences of the same object as measured at different places along the
camera view. The farther the object, the smaller its size in pixels on the image
plane.
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Due to the perspective of the image plane related to the main plane in the
physical world, the perceived size of a specific object may vary considerably
according to its distance from the camera. This is illustrated in the following
figure:
The lines on the left are actually parallel in the physical world. Therefore, the
distance between corresponding points along the red lines (at the intersection
with the black line) are equal in the physical world. In the 2-D image, there is a
considerable difference in distances along points close to the camera to points far
from the camera.
Since size is a shape property needed for video processing involving objects, it is
important to correct this perspective distortion. The Perspective Correction
mechanism is available for the following events:
Object Detection
Object Left Behind
Object Lurking
Object Removed
Loitering
Perspective Correction is applicable to the main plane in the camera view. It is

applicable for wide view only, and for only part of the view where:
Maximum object diameter is less than 1/15th of the screen width
Object size in pixels must be greater than 200 pixels
Object is on the main plane of the camera view
Setting Perspective Correction for Size

The Perspective Correction is defined by a set of 4 points that form a trapezoid.
The close side and far side should be as parallel as possible. Both sides should
represent the same physical length that due to perspective appears on the screen
at different lengths.
To set the Perspective Correction for Size, choose two objects of comparable
size, one close to the camera and one far from the camera. The far object should
be at least 15 pixels wide in the camera view. The width of the near object should
be at least three times the width of the far object in the camera view.
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Note:
If the depth of field is such that the factor of size of the same object in the
closest part of the ROI and the farthest part of the ROI is not greater than 2
there is no need to use the Perspective Correction for Size.
Perspective size correction can also be calibrated by having a person walk a

specified number of steps at a distance near and far from the camera. The vertices
of the trapezoid must be marked in a clockwise or counter-clockwise order.
1.
Click the Perspective Correction for Size icon.
2.
Measure the first line by instructing the person to walk 10 steps as near to the
camera as possible while still remaining contained in the camera view. Mark
the 10 steps by clicking the start and end points on the camera image.
3.
Measure the second line by having the person walk a 10 steps at a distance
further away from the camera. Again, mark the start and end points on the
camera image. The second line must be parallel to the first and at a distance
that makes it appear at least 10% higher than the first line in the camera
view.
Testing the Perspective Correction for Size

The Perspective Correction for Size can be examined by using Diagnostics
Mode. The corrected size will appear near the detected object as the bottom
number. The actual size in pixels is displayed as the top number. The current
Minimum Object Size and Maximum Object size, if set, are displayed at the top
right corner. The default Minimum Object Size (35) is displayed if one has not
been set.
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1.
Turn on Diagnostics Mode.
2.
Set the Diagnostics Mode number according to the following table:
Event
Diagnostics Mode
Loitering
70
Object Detection
69
Object Left Behind
94
Object Lurking
97
Event
Diagnostics Mode
Object Removed
95
3.
The corrected size is the bottom number displayed near the object in the
Diagnostics View.
The Diagnostics Mode also displays a red line in the upper part of the video
frame. As objects approach the line, the corrected values become less reliable.
Reliability also decreases if objects are too close to the camera (more than 5-10%
of the frame width).
Setting Minimum Object Size and Maximum Object Size

The size of the object that can be detected is limited by two values: Minimum
Object Size and Maximum Object Size. The object size settings work as filters to
reduce the number of false detections. Setting the object size and Perspective
Correction for Size can only yield fewer detections, not generate more. If the
object size properties are set incorrectly, it may result in failure to detect desired
events.
By default, the Minimum Object Size is set to the minimum object size that can
be detected according to the specifications set in the specific solution and
Maximum Object Size is not limited. Since the Minimum and Maximum Object
Size are dependent on the camera view and types of objects, both should be set.
The object size properties should be set with the following method:
1.
Set the Perspective Correction for Size.
2.
Obtain a recorded or live video that contains the relevant object moving
throughout the camera view.
3.
Use the diagnostics view to take note of the range of corrected size values.
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Note:
If the depth of the field of view is not greater than a factor of 2, take note of
the actual size of the detected objects in pixels rather than the corrected size.
4.
Set the Minimum Object Size and Maximum Object Size according to the
set of values noted in the previous step. When setting the values, reduce the
Minimum Object Size value by 20% and increase the Maximum Object Size
value by 20%.
5.
If the Perspective Correction for Size is not needed due to the depth of field,
delete it.
Motion Parameters
The motion parameters that are discussed in this section are relevant to the
following events:
Directional Motion
Object Stops
The motion analysis is controlled through the following property and parameters:
Sensitivity. The sensitivity of the motion. The sensitivity is normalized to the
range 0 to 100, while 50 is the default, that should be adequate to most of the
cases. If motion is not detected then the sensitivity should be decreased. If false
alarms are generated the sensitivity should be increased. The Sensitivity is
proportional to the size of the moving object, and to the number of features the
object contains. As a rule of thumb, features are proportional to details. Blank
surface contains no features.
Motion Duration. The minimum required age of the motion. Objects which
are moving for less then this value are not generating alert. The units are seconds.
Typical value is 1 second.
Minimum Length of Motion. In order to be able to filter out phantom motion,
the projected length of the object trajectory (the distance between the starting
point to the current point) should exceed this threshold. Used to avoid alarms
caused by motion that stopped (such as leaves).
The following motion parameter is relevant only to the Directional Motion and
Object Stops events:
Radius of Motion. Defines the maximum radius of motion that is still regarded
as the same object. Motion trajectories which are distant by more than this value
are regarded as belonging to different objects. The default value is 50 pixels. This
parameter can be set for the Directional motion and Object Stops events with the
advanced property Radius of Motion.
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Summary of Motion Properties and Parameters

The following table presents the correspondence between the three events to the
above property and parameters. Just as a reference to the previous section that
dealt with objects, the last column in the table is the Foreground/Background
attribute of relevant objects. For the three events, both background and
foreground objects are detected.
Event
Direction
Sensitivity
Age
Projected
Length
Speed
Foreground/
Background
Directional Motion
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
F&B
Object Crosses a
Region
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
F&B
Object Stops
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
F&B
Multi-Resolution for Speed

The range of speeds that can be detected with a specific frame rate is limited.
Slower or faster speeds can be detected by decreasing or increasing the frame
rate, respectively. The resolution for speed is the range of speeds supported by
one frame rate. In some scenes it may be necessary to detect different speeds in
the same camera view. This may be caused by a large depth of field where it is
necessary to detect speeds near to the camera and further away.
There is an option to define two resolutions for speed for different regions of the
frame or to increase the range of speeds that can be detected by a single camera.
Defining multiple resolutions for speed increases the computation load by a
number proportional to the number of frames per second that are processed. For
example, if you use two resolutions for speed for the whole frame, one of 4 fps
and one of 8 fps, the overall number of frames that is processed in a second is 12.
Multi-Resolution for Speed is configured with two events, one for each
resolution. The ROI for each resolution is configured with the event along with
any other relevant properties. One event is configured for Use High
Resolution. and the other for Use Low Resolution. The frame rate for each
resolution is configured using the Motion Low-Res Frame Rate parameter for
low resolution and Motion Frame Rate parameter for high resolution.
The Scene
Surveillance View
Surveillance view is the typical view of a surveillance camera, which looks at the
scene from a distance and from a relative height. Objects are usually seen without
perspective distortion. Ideal Surveillance View has a camera view that looks like
a 2-D plane. When an object takes more than 10% of any of the two frame
dimensions it is probably not a surveillance view. For more information, refer to
Perspective Distortion of Objects on page 69.
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Empty Versus Detailed Scenes

Empty scenes are scenes that contain little detail. For example, a scene of a blank
wall in a hallway. Empty scenes are rare in surveillance views.
Frame Resolution
The frame resolution has the following affects:
Higher resolutions allow smaller the objects to be detected
Higher resolutions require more computation power. Generally, the CPU

percentage consumed for processing is linear proportional to the size of the
frame.
There are two commonly used resolutions, CIF and 4CIF. To save on processing
load, the video is processed in CIF resolution by default, even if the input frame
size is 4CIF. In cases where it is important to detect smaller objects, it is possible
to force frame processing to the original input size.
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IntelligentVideo
Events
Chapter 6:
IntelligentVideo Events Overview

IntelligentVideo events are configurable in OnGuard through Video Search,
which is available in System Administration, Alarm Monitoring, and
VideoViewer. Events configured in System Administration are saved and used to
generate alarms in Alarm Monitoring. For more information, refer to
IntelligentVideo Events Form Procedures on page 37. Events configured in
Alarm Monitoring and VideoViewer are for temporary use and not saved when
the Video Search window is closed. Rather than generating alarms, events
configured in Alarm Monitoring and VideoViewer are displayed as thumbnails in
the Video Search window.
When configuring events, you can configure event properties and event
parameters. Properties are configured per event. Parameters are configured per
camera channel. When configured, parameters may affect one or more events
located on the same camera channel, while properties are always specific to one
configured event. For example, if you set the Diagnostics Output Mode
parameter it will affect all events running on the same camera channel. If you set
the Duration property for the Object Left Behind event, it will effect only that
event on that camera channel. Additional Object Left Behind events or events
located on the same channel will not use the same property setting.
Basic properties - configured through the Event Configuration/Search

dialog.
Advanced properties - configured through the Event Configuration/Search

dialog. To display advanced properties you must select Show Advanced
Configuration from the Event menu.
Basic parameters - configured through the Video Channel Configuration

dialog.
Advanced parameters - configured through the Video Channel

Configuration dialog. To display advanced parameters you must select the
Show Advanced Parameters check box.
Notes:
Some properties and parameters require a refresh during configuration. Red

flashing text in the [Refresh] button indicates that a refresh is required to
reload the changes to the configuration.
Additional licensing (Maximum Number of IntelligentVideo Streams) is
required to use IntelligentVideo processing.
List of IntelligentVideo Events

The following is a list of all of the IntelligentVideo events, along with where each
is described in detail.
Congestion Event on page 81
Directional Motion Event on page 87
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6: IntelligentVideo Events Overview
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Facial Detection Event on page 93
Invalid Camera Event on page 97
Loitering Event on page 103
Object Crosses a Region Event on page 107
Object Detection Event on page 113
Object Left Behind Event on page 121
Object Lurking Event on page 127
Object Moves Too Fast Event on page 131
Object Removed Event on page 135
Object Starts to Move Event on page 139
Object Stops Event on page 143
People Counting Event on page 147
Smart Video Motion Detection Event on page 155
Chapter 7:
Congestion Event
The Congestion event is used for crowd monitoring by analyzing the density and
distribution of foreground objects inside regions of interest (ROI). The user can
define the required intensity and pattern of congestion.
Typical Scenes
Typical scenes include congestion of people in a lobby or hall, monitoring a line
of people, monitoring a line of vehicles, etc.
Notes:
Make sure objects are not distorted. For more information, refer to
Perspective Distortion of Objects on page 69.
Make sure the background is eligible. For more information, refer to
Background Model on page 61.
Event Properties
Properties are configured on the Event Configuration/Search dialog. For more
information, refer to Event Configuration/Search Dialog on page 47.
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7: Congestion Event
Field
Type
Description
Region of
Interest
ROI
Region of Interest (ROI) identifies the area of video to be processed. The

ROI is a quadrilateral consisting of 4 vertices. It is strongly recommended
you set the ROI for this event. The height of the ROI should be as close as
possible to the height of the expected object.
The following is a good example of ROI for two people.

ROI Mask
Mask
ROI Mask is a polygon shaped area that is ignored within the ROI. ROI
Mask should be used whenever there are regions with noise motion, such
as trees or flags in outdoor scenes, or a receptionist in a lobby in an indoor
scene.
Intensity (%)
Basic Property
Intensity of congestion in percents (0...100), that must be reached before an

alarm is generated. The default value is 90.
The Intensity is proportional to the percent of the ROI width that is covered
with objects. If the Level displayed in the Event Feedback pane is greater
than the Intensity (%) for longer than the specified Duration (seconds), an
alarm is generated. For more information, refer to Setting Congestion Pattern
on page 84.
Duration
(seconds)
Basic Property
Minimum time interval (seconds) in which the scene is congested in order to

generate an alarm. Default value is 6 seconds.
Density (% of
ROI)
Advanced
Property
Controls the required density of objects in order to generate a Congestion

alarm. Values are in the range of 0...100. Default value is 12. The higher the
value, the lower value of Intensity will cause an alarm. This is an advanced
property and should rarely be used.
Height (% of
ROI)
Advanced
Property
Minimum percent of the ROI height that should be covered with foreground
objects in order for the scene to be considered congested. The height of the
objects must be more than x% of the ROI height to generate an alarm. This is
an advanced property and should rarely be used.
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Event Parameters
Parameters are configured on the Video Channel Configuration dialog. For more
Field
Type
Description
Background
Learning Time
Basic Parameter
The duration of the background learning period, in seconds. The default is 90

seconds. Longer durations might be required for busy scenes. Lower
durations might be required for outside scenes with quickly changing light.
Channel
Number
Advanced
Parameter
Assign a unique identifier (integer) to the camera channel for use with log
file naming. For example, if you set a Channel Number of 5, the log file
generated with have the name AVAlogfile_5.txt. The default value is 0,
with a range of 1 to 1000.

Diagnostics
Output Mode
Advanced
Parameter
Mode of displaying input video with graphical information which can be

helpful for diagnostics and parameter calibration. For each event there is a
default Diagnostics Output. You can set a specific Diagnostic output by
setting this parameter with the Diagnostics Output number. For more
information, refer to Chapter 22: Diagnostics on page 163.
Initial
Background
Learning Time
Basic Parameter
The duration of the background learning period during start up or anytime

the background becomes invalid. The default value is 90 seconds and should
be increased if the scene is busy during the start up period.
Logical AND of
Regions
Basic Parameter
Logical AND between all defined ROIs. Alert is triggered only if there is a
Congestion event in all the defined ROIs.
Scale-Down
Factor
Advanced
Parameter
Reduces the frame size processed by the engine to the specified percent of
the image in one dimension.
Use
Background
Certainty Filter
Advanced
Parameter
Filters out regions in which the background model has not converged
properly. Default value is Disabled. For more information, refer to
Background Certainty on page 64.
Use Log File
Advanced
Parameter
If enabled, a log file is generated for all events configured on the camera
channel. The default value is Disabled. For more information, refer to
Logfiles on page 165.
Use Original
Frame Size
Advanced
Parameter
By default, if the frame size is larger than CIF, it is scaled down for
processing to accelerate computation by the IntelligentVideo engine. If
enabled, this parameter forces the engine to process video in its original
frame size. This parameter only effects how video is processed by the
IntelligentVideo engine; it does not affect the frame size of live or recorded
video. The default value is Disabled.
Use Video
Stabilizer
Advanced
Parameter
If enabled, video is stabilized before processing. This value has no effect on

live or recorded video. The default value is Disabled. For more information,
refer to Video Stabilizer on page 67.
Verify Object
Saliency
Basic Parameter
Boolean parameter to filter out false objects caused by changes in lighting or

spots of light. The default value is Disabled. For more information, refer to
Foreground Model on page 65.
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7: Congestion Event
Setting Congestion Pattern

The Congestion pattern can be controlled by the parameters: Intensity, Density,
and Height. While Density and Height should rarely be changed, the Intensity
parameter directly controls the intensity of the Congestion. The following is an
explanation of the three parameters, and also of the Duration parameter.
We denote a width-padded object as an object with w percents (out of the ROI
width) of padding to each of its two sides.
We denote a height-padded object as an object with h percents (out of the ROI

height) of padding to each of its two sides.
An object is called padded object if it is width-padded and height-padded.

A padded object is regarded as a hit if it reaches the top and bottom of the ROI.
A scene is regarded as Congested if at least p percents of its width are covered by
hit padded-objects.
A Congestion event occurs if the scene is congested for duration of at least d
seconds.
The parameters mentioned above, w, h, p and d are configurable. They are the
Density, Height, Intensity, and Duration in the Configuration/Search Dialog
table.
Notice that as long as the ROI is set to the appropriate height, there is no need to
play with the Height parameter.
Changing the Density

Consider the following two situations described by the following figure, where
each thick line denotes a person:
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Without the Density (width-padding), in both situations, the percents of the width
that are covered by objects is the same, although it is a different type of
congestion. A Density value of about 10% and Intensity value of about 80%-90%
will generate a Congestion alarm for the left situation but not for the right.
Changing the Height

If the user sets the ROI properly (such that the objects that generate Congestion
alarms are not less than 40% of the ROI height), there is no need to set the Height
parameter.
Graphical Output
Congestion events display as a red rectangle bounding the ROI.
In case of logical ANDs between several ROIs, a red rectangle appears on each
one that the Congestion event occurred in, and if the logical AND is satisfied, a
line connecting the ROI is drawn.
Frame Rate and Video Quality

The video source should be at least 1 frame per second and the video
compression no greater than 50 (internal units).
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7: Congestion Event
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Chapter 8:
Directional Motion Event

The Directional Motion event detects motion of objects in the direction you
specify. It is highly recommended you use ROI for these events to increase
performance and reduce the probability of false alarms.
Typical Scenes
Typical scenes include people in a terminal or lobby moving in a forbidden
direction, vehicles on a road moving in the wrong direction, intruder moving in a
specific direction in a pre-defined region, or boat at waterside scenarios.
Eligible Objects
Like in all motion events, there is a trade off between the maximum object speed
(speed in the 2-D image plane, not the physical speed), the minimum object size,
and the frame rate.
Factor
Effect
Frame rate
Since the maximum allowed speed is 20 pixels per two consecutive frames, maximum 2-D
speed in 9 fps is 180 pixels/sec, but in 18 fps it is 360 pixels/sec, and in 4 fps it is 80 pixels/sec.
Object 2-D speed
If the object moves slowly, you can lower the frame rate. A lower frame rate reduces
computation time and increases the throughput (number of channels that can be processed on a
single server). For example, if the 2-D speed of the object is 80 pixels/sec, you can set the
frame rate to 4 fps (the distance the object makes between two consecutive frames is 20 pixels,
which is acceptable), this increases the throughput by a factor of more than 2.
Object size
Larger objects are more easily detected and provide for more reliable motion analysis. For
larger objects, 20 pixels per two consecutive frames is acceptable, but it is not recommended
to go below that.
If an object moves more than 20 pixels in two consecutive frames it cannot

become a legitimate object by adjusting the following parameters:
Level of Motion
Minimum Duration of Motion
Minimum Length of Motion
If the object 2-D speed is too high, make one of the following adjustments to
reduce the speed:
1.
Increase the fps. For more information, refer to Frame Rate Parameter on
page 20.
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8: Directional Motion Event
2.
Zoom out if the object is large enough.
If the object size is too small, the only way to detect using the Directional Motion
event is by zooming in (if possible) and making sure that the object under the
new zoom is more than the minimum required. For more information, refer to
Minimum Objects on page 70.
If the object moves too slowly (e.g. a boat at the waterside, slow moving person
from a distance, etc.) the processed frame rate should be decreased using the
Motion Frame Rate parameter.
Event Properties
Field
Type
Description
Region of
Interest
ROI

ROI is a general polygon which can consist of a minimum of 4 and a
maximum of 10 vertices. Although optional, it is strongly recommended that
ROI be created, especially in outside scenes where there may be unwanted
motion (e.g. swaying trees).
ROI Mask
Mask
scene.
Direction
(degrees)
Basic Property
Identifies the direction of movement. The direction is set by an arrow

(vector). Use the slider to change the direction.
Be aware of the difference between 3-D and 2-D direction. For more
information, refer to Direction and Speed on page 69.
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Field
Type
Description
Level of Motion
Basic Property
Level of Motion determines the degree of response to motion. Numbers

range between 0 (highest threshold) and 100 (lowest threshold). The default
value (50) should be adequate for most situations.
You should change the default value only when motion is not detected (in
which case you should decrease the Level of Motion threshold) or unwanted
motion is detected (in which case you should increase Level of Motion
threshold).
The Level of Motion property is somewhat proportional to the size of the
moving object. When the object is smaller the Level of Motion threshold
should be lower. For more information, refer to Motion Parameters on page
74.
Axial Motion
Advanced
Property
If enabled, motion traveling in both directions is detected. The default value

is disabled.
Radius of
Motion
Advanced
Property
This value approximates the radius of the moving object. Increase the value
for larger objects and decrease it for smaller objects. The default value is 50
pixels and is sufficient for most applications.
Direction
Tolerance
(degrees)
Advanced
Property
Defines the amount of deviation allowed from the direction of the arrow in
degrees.
MultiResolution for
Speed
Advanced
Property
Multi-Resolution for Speed is configured with two events, one for

each resolution. One event is configured for Use High Resolution
and the other for Use Low Resolution The frame rate for each
resolution is configured using the Motion Low-Res Frame Rate
parameter for low resolution and Motion Frame Rate parameter for
high resolution. For more information, refer to Multi-Resolution for Speed
on page 75.
Minimum
Duration of
Motion
(seconds)
Advanced
Property
Length of time the object should continue moving before triggering an

alarm. Default value is 1 second. A higher value reduces the probability for
false alarms, but also reduces the sensitivity. For more information, refer to
Motion Parameters on page 74.
Minimum
Length of
Motion (pixels)
Advanced
Property
Minimum 2-D distance covered by the object (in pixels) before an alarm is
generated. The default value is 20 pixels. For more information, refer to
Event Parameters
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Field
Type
Description
Channel
Number
Advanced
Parameter

Diagnostics
Output Mode
Advanced
Parameter

Motion LowRes Frame Rate
Advanced
Parameter
Controls the number of frames that get processed per second for events
configured with the Multi-Resolution for Speed property set to Use Low
Resolution. For more information, refer to Multi-Resolution for Speed on
page 75.
Motion Mask
Sensitivity
Advanced
Parameter
Motion Mask is used to mask out regions of the frame which contain no
motion in order to accelerate the computations. The default value of this
parameter is 3. The range of values is 1 to 5. In the case of very small objects
(50 pixels or less) or faint objects (foggy weather or blurry image), you
might need to reduce the value of this parameter to a value of 1. This
parameter should rarely be used.
The sensitivity can also be set automatically by setting the value to 0. It is not
recommended to use the automatic mechanism because it consumes more
CPU power.
Motion Frame
Rate
Advanced
Parameter
Controls the number of frames that actually get processed per second for
motion detection events. For more information, refer to Frame Rate
Parameter on page 20.
Scale-Down
Factor
Advanced
Parameter
Use Log File
Advanced
Parameter
Use Original
Frame Size
Advanced
Parameter
If the frame size is larger than CIF, it is scaled down for processing to
accelerate computation by the IntelligentVideo engine. If enabled, this
parameter forces the engine to process video in its original frame size. This
parameter only effects how video is processed by the IntelligentVideo
engine; it does not affect the frame size of live or recorded video. The default
value is Disabled.
Use Video
Stabilizer
Advanced
Parameter

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Calibration Summary
Parameter/Property
When to Increase?
When to Decrease?
False alarms are generated and

motion of real objects lasts for more
than the current value.
Motion of real objects lasts less than

the current value
Minimum Length of Motion
False alarms are generated and real

objects have distances larger than
the current value.
Real objects have distances shorter

Motion Mask Sensitivity
Never
Rarely, when faint objects and/or

small objects are not detected.
Level of Motion

objects have a level of motion higher
than the current threshold.
Real objects generate a level of

motion lower than the current
threshold.
Motion Frame Rate
The object moves too slowly.
The object moves too fast.
Graphical Output
When a Directional Motion event occurs, a red arrow displays in the direction of
the motion.

It is recommended the video source be 9 frames per second and the video
compression be no greater than 50. Lower frame rates can be used when the
object speed is low in order to increase the throughput. If the object speed is too
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fast, the frame rate can be increased. For more information, refer to Eligible
Objects on page 87.
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Chapter 9:
Facial Detection Event

Facial detection detects the location of a human face in the video. For each video
frame the engine looks for a face and if it finds one or more it generates an alarm.
It is not Biometrics, that is, not facial recognition. The detected person is not
compared to records in the database. Therefore there is no need for enrollment to
the system.
Typical Scenes
Video catalog of all the people entered to the facility
If the Facial Detection event is set and the video is recorded using Event
Recording mode, the recorded video will contain only people entering the
facility.
Integration with Access Control

This application requires integration with an Access Control system such that
access is granted only if the person is detected by the video camera. This forces
every person entering the facility to be recorded. The detection of the person is
for recording, and the access is granted only in conjunction to card reading. This
integration is not currently available.
Requirements
Both eyes must be seen in frontal view, face yaw (around the axis which
is parallel the person height) angle is 30.
Distance between the eyes must be at least 30 pixels (for comparison,

the width of CIF resolution is 352 pixels.)
Face must be viewed to the camera (while both eyes are seen in frontal
view) for at least 2 seconds.
Regular lighting without heavy shadows
Color camera (color used for accelerating the computations).
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9: Facial Detection Event
Camera should be installed so that the angle to face is no more than 30.
The zoom of the camera should be set such that the requirements above
are fulfilled. See figure below.
There is no theoretical limit on the number of detected faces in a single frame as

long as they all comply with the requirements.
Event Properties
Field
Type
Description
Region of
Interest
ROI

maximum of 10 vertices. Although optional, it is strongly recommended the
ROI be created.
ROI Mask
Mask
scene.
Event Parameters
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Field
Type
Description
Channel
Number
Advanced
Parameter

Diagnostics
Output Mode
Advanced
Parameter

Face Frame
Rate
Advanced
Parameter
Facial Detection events. For more information, refer to Frame Rate
Minimum
Number of
Occurrences
Advanced
Parameter
Minimum number of occurrences for detection of the same person to

generate an alarm. Default value is 2. Higher values reduce the probability of
false alarms, but also increase the amount of time required for detection.
Scale-Down
Factor
Advanced
Parameter
Use Log File
Advanced
Parameter
Use Motion
Mask
Advanced
Parameter
Boolean. The default value is true (enabled). Motion Mask is used for
accelerations. If active, a static individual is not detected. The default value
of true is recommended for this parameter.
Use Original
Frame Size
Advanced
Parameter
value is Disabled.
Use Video
Stabilizer
Advanced
Parameter

Effects of the Parameters

The following table summarizes the advantages and drawbacks of each
parameter:
Parameter
Status
Advantage
Drawback
Face Frame Rate
Increase the processed

frame ratea
Higher probability of
positive detection in
second
Lower throughput
(channels per server)
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9: Facial Detection Event
Parameter
Status
Advantage
Drawback
Minimum Number of Face

Occurrences
Longer face track
Lower probability of false

detection
Requires longer delay of

person in front of the
camera
Use Motion Mask
On
Higher throughput
Requires movement of
face
a.provided the video stream supports a higher frame rate
Graphical Output
When a Facial Detection event occurs, a red rectangle bounding the detected face
displays. When a face is detected but not regarded as an event (because the
number of sequential detections did not reach the minimum number), a yellow
rectangle bounding the detected face displays.

It is recommended the video source be at least 4 frames per second and the video
compression be no greater than 50.
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Chapter 10:
Invalid Camera Event

The Invalid Camera event detects whether a camera has been covered, moved, or
becomes out of focus. This event contains a built-in Out of Focus mechanism
whose sensitivity can be set separately.
There are two modes in which the Invalid Camera event can operate:
Regular mode - detects out of focus, covered, and moved camera.
Fast mode - only detects out of focus and covered camera. This mode does
not require the Background Model. Fast mode is considerably faster than
Regular mode.
Typical Scenes
When using Regular mode, any scene satisfying the following:
Complies with the non-empty requirement (For more information, refer to

Empty Versus Detailed Scenes on page 76.)
At least half of the background should be stable (contrary to constant

changing)
The event contains a built-in mechanism that handles dramatic changes in

lighting, so it can handle scenes of non-eligible background, as long as they
comply with the above two requirements.
In Fast mode, the second restriction is not applied.
Event Properties
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10: Invalid Camera Event
Field
Type
Description
Level of
Background
Change
Basic Property
The amount of difference between the current frame and the learned
background. The default value is 85 and the range of values is 0 to 100. The
Level of Background Change value that corresponds to the current frame is
displayed as the Level in the Event Feedback Pane. Setting the Level of
Background Change to this value or less will trigger an alarm if the scene
stays in this state for the time interval defined by the Duration property.
Out of Focus
Level
Basic Property
Out of Focus Level in the range 0...100, where 0 means focused and 100
means the highest level of out of focus. The default is 85.
Support
Camera
Moved
Basic Property
If enabled, an Invalid Camera alarm is also generated when the camera is

moved, in addition to camera covered and out of focus. The default value is
Enabled. If Disabled, the engine does not use the Background Learning
mechanism, which increases the computation speed.
Duration
(seconds)
Advanced
Property
Minimum amount of time the camera must be invalid before an alarm is

generated.
Event Parameters
Field
Type
Description
Background
Learning Time
Basic Parameter

Channel
Number
Advanced
Parameter

Detect PTZ Out
of Home
Position
Basic Parameter
Detects when a PTZ camera has been moved from its default positioning.
Video processing by the engine is paused until the camera has been returned
to the home position.
Diagnostics
Output Mode
Advanced
Parameter

Disable Out of
Focus
Advanced
Parameter
Turns off the mechanism for detecting that the camera is out of focus.
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Field
Type
Description
Enable Poor
Quality Warning
Advanced
Parameter
Displays a warning in Alarm Monitoring when the camera view of a scene is

impaired by glare, fog, etc. Poor visibility could appear at any time the
camera view loses features. The Poor Quality Warning Threshold parameter
can be used to adjust the sensitivity of the warning.
Enable Video
Graininess
Warning
Advanced
Parameter
Displays a warning in Alarm Monitoring when the video is very noisy

(grainy.) The alarm may also be generated in scenes with very fine detail,
such as heavy vegetation.
Initial
Background
Learning Time
Basic Parameter

Poor Quality
Warning
Threshold
Advanced
Parameter
Adjusts the sensitivity of the Poor Visibility warning. A lower threshold

results in less sensitivity (the scene must become more featureless to
generate a warning) and a higher threshold results in greater sensitivity.
Scale-Down
Factor
Advanced
Parameter
Use Log File
Advanced
Parameter
Use Original
Frame Size
Advanced
Parameter
value is Disabled.
Use Video
Stabilizer
Advanced
Parameter

Changing the Frame Rate to Increase Throughput

The default frame rate for the Invalid Camera event engine is 1 fps. This should
rarely be changed. There is no reason to increase it, but decreasing it will result in
higher throughput (number of channels that can be processed). Notice though
that if you decrease the frame rate and leave the Duration without change, the
response time remains as it was, but the probability for false alarms increases
because there are fewer frames to base the analysis of Invalid Camera on. You
can change the frame rate of the Invalid Camera event engine or its out of focus
component separately.
Note:
It is not recommended to change the default frame rate without full

knowledge of the ramifications.
Detect PTZ Out of Home Position

PTZ cameras can be configured with a mechanism that automatically detects
when they have been moved from their home position. When the camera is
moved, the system detects this change and stops sending alarms. During the time
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the camera is out of home position, it is assumed that the user is operating the
camera and observing video, thus there is no need to perform video analysis on
the camera. When the camera is returned to the home position the system
resumes processing video and resumes alarm reporting.
The PTZ Out of Home Position feature should not be applied to camera views
containing no details, such as a blank wall. At least half of the frame should
contain details.
Detect PTZ Out of Home Position is configured in the Video Channel
Configuration dialog by setting the boolean parameter Detect PTZ Out of Home
Position to Enable.
Alarm Customization
When the Invalid Camera event is used for the Detect PTZ Out of Home Position
feature, the alarms generated for the camera should be customized with
descriptive names for Alarm Monitoring.
1.
In System Administration, select Monitoring > Alarms.
2.
Click [Add].
3.
Select the camera from the Device list.
4.
Select Invalid Camera from the Event list.
5.
In the Name field, enter PTZ Out of Home Position.
6.
Click [OK].
7.
Click [Add].
8.
Select the camera from the Device list.
9.
Select Invalid Camera Restored from the Event list.
10. In the Name field, enter PTZ Back at Home Position.

11. Click [OK].
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Graphical Output
Invalid Camera events display a yellow ellipse if the camera is out of focus or
covered. If the Support 'Camera Moved' event property is enabled, a red X will
be displayed if the camera is moved.

It is recommended the video source be at least 1 frame per second and the video
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Chapter 11:
Loitering Event
The Loitering event detects when an object loiters for more than a pre-defined
amount of time (duration). An object is considered to loiter if it appears in the
field of view moving slowly or not moving at all, for a pre-defined amount of
time. The object should be separated (not part of a crowd) and comply with the
same requirements as an object for the Object Detection event. Currently the
event is calibrated to be a human. Notice that by definition a sitting person is not
regarded as loitering.
Typical Scenes
Typical scenes include a person loitering in a lobby or outside in a small area.
Event Properties
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11: Loitering Event
Field
Type
Description
Region of
Interest
ROI

ROI be created.
ROI Mask
Mask
scene.
Duration
(seconds)
Basic Property
The minimum duration of loitering allowed in seconds. Minimum duration

values range from 30 seconds to 2 minutes with the default value set at 30
seconds.
Minimum
Object Size
(pixels)
Basic Property
Minimum size of an object. Select the check box and use the slider or the
object vertices to increase or decrease the minimum object size. For more
information, refer to Minimum Objects on page 70.
Note:
Maximum
Object Size
(pixels)
Basic Property
If unchecked, the minimum size will not be processed by the

engine, the only restriction on object minimum size will be
determined by the lowest supported size.
Maximum size of an object. Select the check box and use the slider or the
object vertices to increase or decrease the maximum object size.
Note:
If unchecked, the maximum size will not be processed by the

engine, there will be no restriction on object maximum size.
Perspective
Correction for
Size
Advanced
Property
Defines the perspective of the camera in order to adapt the size of an object
according to its location in the view. For more information, refer to
Configure Perspective Correction on page 57.
Filter Out Static

Objects
Advanced
Property
If enabled, non-moving objects will be ignored and not generate an alarm.
Event Parameters
Field
Type
Description
Background
Learning Time
Basic Parameter

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Field
Type
Description
Channel
Number
Advanced
Parameter

Diagnostics
Output Mode
Advanced
Parameter

Enable Poor
Quality Warning
Advanced
Parameter

Enable Video
Graininess
Warning
Advanced
Parameter

Initial
Background
Learning Time
Basic Parameter

Scale-Down
Factor
Advanced
Parameter
Poor Quality
Warning
Threshold
Advanced
Parameter

Use
Background
Certainty Filter
Advanced
Parameter
Use Log File
Advanced
Parameter
Use Original
Frame Size
Advanced
Parameter
value is Disabled.
Use Video
Stabilizer
Advanced
Parameter

Verify Object
Saliency
Basic Parameter

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11: Loitering Event
Graphical Output
When a Loitering event occurs, an ellipse bounding the loitering person is
displayed.

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Chapter 12:
Object Crosses a Region Event

The Object Crosses a Region event detects when an object crosses a virtual
region that you set. This region should be more or less orthogonal to the direction
objects will cross the region. Crossing direction can be the two options of from
one side or the other or both directions. The direction is marked with an arrow,
and denoted as Direction A, Direction B, or Both Directions.
Multiple regions can be configured to generate an alarm when all of them have
been crossed using the Logical AND of Regions parameter.
Typical Scenes
Typical scenes include people in a lobby, vehicles in a parking garage, or objects
in a large open area (for intrusion detection).
Eligible Objects
and the frame rate. For more information, refer to Eligible Objects on page 87.
Event Properties
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12: Object Crosses a Region Event
Field
Type
Description
Region of
Interest
ROI
The Region of Interest (ROI) is configured by using the mouse to move the
green vertices to the correct positions and adjust the length and angle of the
crossing line. The line should be as long as possible and perpendicular to the
direction of motion. The ROI is derived automatically from the line.
Object Crosses a Region requires a minimum of one ROI. One ROI is
automatically created and cannot be deleted; additional ROIs can be created
for the event. To require that each of the configured ROIs has been crossed
before generating an alarm, the Logical AND of Regions parameter must
also be set.
Crossing
Direction
Basic Property
Sets the required direction. Can be direction A, direction B, or both

directions. A corresponding arrow appears on the region of interest in the
video window.
Level of Motion
Basic Property

threshold).
74.
Minimum
Duration of
Motion
(seconds)
Advanced
Property

alarm. Default value is 0.250 seconds. A higher value reduces the probability
for false alarms, but also reduces the sensitivity. For more information, refer
to Motion Parameters on page 74.
Direction
Tolerance
(degrees)
Advanced
Property
Defines the amount of deviation allowed from the direction of the arrow in
degrees.
MultiResolution for
Speed
Advanced
Property
Multi-Resolution for Speed is configured with two events, one for

each resolution. One event is configured for Use High Resolution.
and the other for Use Low Resolution. The frame rate for each
resolution is configured using the Motion Low-Res Frame Rate
parameter for low resolution and Motion Frame Rate parameter for
high resolution. For more information, refer to Multi-Resolution for Speed
on page 75.
Event Parameters
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Field
Type
Description
Channel
Number
Advanced
Parameter

Diagnostics
Output Mode
Advanced
Parameter

Logical AND of
Regions
Basic Parameter
Defines the time during which the object must cross all defined regions. The
default is -1 (disabled).
Logical AND of
Regions Direction
Basic Parameter
Determines the order in which each ROI should be crossed to generate an

alarm. Directions include Left to Right, Right to Left, Bottom to Top, and
Top to Bottom.
This parameter is only used in combination with the Logical AND of
Regions parameter.
Motion LowRes Frame Rate
Advanced
Parameter
Controls the number of frames that get processed per second for events
configured with the Multi-Resolution for Speed property set to Use Low
Resolution. For more information, refer to Multi-Resolution for Speed on
page 75.
Motion Mask
Sensitivity
Advanced
Parameter
CPU power.
Motion Frame
Rate
Advanced
Parameter
Scale-Down
Factor
Advanced
Parameter
Use Log File
Advanced
Parameter
Use Original
Frame Size
Advanced
Parameter
value is Disabled.
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Field
Type
Description
Use Video
Stabilizer
Advanced
Parameter

Calibration Summary
Parameter/Property
When to Increase?
When to Decrease?
False alarms are generated and

motion of real objects lasts for more
Motion of real objects lasts less than

the current value
Minimum Motion Speed
Never
Whenever the Motion Frame Rate

parameter is increased.
Motion Mask Sensitivity
Never
Rarely, when faint objects and/or

small objects are not detected.
Sensitivity

objects have a level of motion higher
than the current threshold.
Real objects generate a level of

motion lower than the current
threshold.
Motion Frame Rate
The object moves too slowly.
The object moves too fast.
Direction Accuracy
By default there is a tolerance for matching the direction of a moving object to
the direction set by the user of up to 1.57 radians (90). This is considered loose
direction. When using the Logical AND of Regions parameter for a sequence of
multiple regions a more strict direction may be desired. To restrict the direction
to a maximum number of degrees, set the following parameter in the
AVAParams.txt file:
/OBJCL_max_angle = 0.7
For more information, refer to External Parameter File on page 21.
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Graphical Output
When the Object Crosses a Region event occurs, a red arrow points to the region
crossed and in the direction the region was crossed.

compression be no greater than 50. Lower frame rates can be used when the
object speed is low in order to increase the throughput. If the object speed is too
fast, the frame rate can be increased. For more information, refer to Eligible
Objects on page 107.
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Chapter 13:
Object Detection Event

The Object Detection event detects the presence of a foreground object in the
ROI. Alarms are generated for each frame where a foreground object is detected.
You can set Object Detection events to generate alarms only when objects with
certain properties (shape and color) are detected. The user definable shape
consists of size, eccentricity, and orientation. Color includes four tolerance
values that define a color range.
Typical Scenes
Typical scenes include detecting objects from a distance (perimeter protection),
discriminating between humans and small animals and detecting distinctive
objects with specific colors (e.g. yellow buses).
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13: Object Detection Event
Event Properties
Field
Type
Description
Region of
Interest
ROI

maximum of 10 vertices. It is strongly recommended you set the ROI,
especially if the scene contains glossy surfaces or areas with constant light
changes.
ROI Mask
Mask
scene.
Minimum
Object Size
(pixels)
Basic Property
object vertices to increase or decrease the minimum object size. The lowest
supported size is 50 pixels.
Note:
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Field
Type
Description
Maximum
Object Size
(pixels)
Basic Property
Note:
Eccentricity
Basic Property
Defines the shape of an object to look for. Select the check box and use the
slider or the object vertices to adjust the object shape. The Eccentricity
defines how elongated the shape is.
Note:
Orientation
(degrees)
Basic Property
Basic Property
If unchecked, the eccentricity will not be processed by the engine,

even if changes are made to the shape in the interface.
Defines how the object is positioned on the screen (horizontally, vertically,

or somewhere in between). Select the check box and use the slider or the
object vertices to change the position of the object.
Note:
Object Color

If unchecked, the orientation will not be processed by the engine,

Object color defines the color range an object should be for an alarm to be
generated. Select the Object Color check box and use the color table to
select the closest matching color. During color selection, you can identify
which segments of the video frame will correspond to the selected color. For
effective color matching, the position of the 2 color sliders (hue and
grayness) should be used to tune the parameters so that the background
image is gray and the desired color stands out.
Note:
Color matching is most effective for saturated colors and may be

problematic for unsaturated (grayed) colors.
Perspective
Correction for
Size
Advanced
Property
Use Perspective
Size Correction
Advanced
Property
Enable to disable Perspective Size Correction for the camera channel.
Object
Consistency
Filter
Advanced
Property
Filters out undesirable false objects and leaves consistent objects. The
consistency is determined by the number of detected appearances and by the
motion of the detected object. The range of values of this parameter is 0 to 5,
where 0 means that the filter is not active. The value is the minimum
required number of detections of the object. The default is 2.
Minimum
Length of
Motion (pixels)
Advanced
Property
Minimum distance (in pixels) an object must pass to trigger an alarm.

Minimum Length of Motion is very useful when the objects of interest are
not static (that is, they are moving). The default value is 10. If the Object
Consistency Filter is off (value of 0), this property has no effect.
Convex Object
Advanced
Property
Set to Enabled if the object shape is approximately convex. If set, objects

with significant concavities, such as chairs, will be filtered out. The default
value is Disabled.
Direction
(degrees)
Advanced
Property
Optionally identifies the direction of movement. If the Object Consistency

Filter is off (value of 0), this property has no effect. The direction is set by an
arrow (vector). The set direction is indicated by the arrow. Use the slider to
change the direction.
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Field
Type
Description
Minimum
Number of
Objects for
Alarm
Advanced
Property
Minimum number of objects that must simultaneously be detected to

generate an alarm. The default value is 1 object.
Group of People
Basic Property
Mechanism used to detect a group of people. When using this mechanism it

is important to set object size properties to avoid false alarms. For more
information, refer to Setting Size for Group of People on page 119.
Human Shadow
Removal
Advanced
Property
Automatically removes shadows from people before determining whether

they meet object shape requirements.
Event Parameters
Field
Type
Description
Background
Learning Time
Basic Parameter

Background
Frame Rate
Advanced
Parameter
background events. For more information, refer to Frame Rate Parameter on
page 20.
Channel
Number
Advanced
Parameter

Diagnostics
Output Mode
Advanced
Parameter

Initial
Background
Learning Time
Basic Parameter

Enable Poor
Quality Warning
Advanced
Parameter

Enable Video
Graininess
Warning
Advanced
Parameter

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Field
Type
Description
Poor Quality
Warning
Threshold
Advanced
Parameter

Object
Appeared as
Changed
Advanced
Parameter
Set to Enabled to filter out false objects caused by graduated changes in the
background (such as moving clouds casting shadows). The default value is
Disabled. For more information, refer to Object Appeared as Changed on
page 65.
Scale-Down
Factor
Advanced
Parameter
Type Certainty
Basic Parameter
Confidence level threshold for foreground (vs. background) object. Values

are in the range 0...1, the default value is 0.5.
Use
Background
Certainty Filter
Advanced
Parameter
Use Log File
Advanced
Parameter
Use Original
Frame Size
Advanced
Parameter
value is Disabled.
Use Video
Stabilizer
Advanced
Parameter

Verify Object
Saliency
Basic Parameter

Background Learning Times for Intrusion Scenarios

Typical outdoor scenes that are found in Intrusion Detection tend to combine two
general characteristics:
Shadows and changes in lighting throughout the day can complicate the
scene.
Objects tend to occur sporadically.
By reducing the Background Learning Time, false detections due to changes in

lighting can be eliminated. Since objects other than intruders are not expected in
the scene, the shortened learning time should not cause misdetections. To
maximize the performance of the Object Detection event for this scenario, the
learning time for both initial and regular background learning can be set to 15
seconds, and the Background Certainty filter should not be used.
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Object Detection Type Certainty

The Type Certainty is used in order to discriminate between foreground objects
and background objects.For more information, refer to Foreground vs.
Background Objects on page 68. Object Detection is concerned only with
foreground objects (contrary to the Object Removed event).
The value of the Type Certainty can affect both the probability for false detection
and misdetection. False objects, like objects caused by slow moving shadows
are expected to have a low Certainty grade (close to 0.5). Distinct foreground
objects are expected to have a high Certainty grade (at least 0.7). Recall that the
Object Consistency filters out false objects that are not moving, but if for some
reason you do not want to restrict the detections only to moving objects you
might need to use the Type Certainty to filter out false detections. Be aware that
there is a built-in mechanism (not controlled by user parameters) for Object
Saliency. This mechanism filters out part of the false objects which are not
prominent enough (like objects that are generated by slowly moving shadows).
Another relevant mechanism is the Foreground model. For more information,
refer to Foreground Model on page 65.Both mechanisms reduce the need for the
Type Certainty. If the built-in mechanism of Saliency and the Foreground Model
are not sufficient enough you should try to use the Type Certainty.
Changing the Frame Rate

The default frame rate for the Object Detection event is 2 fps. The frame rate can
be reduced using the parameter Background Frame Rate. Reducing the frame rate
results in a higher throughput (number of channels that can be processed), but it
might increase the probability for misdetection and false alarm.
Recall that the Object consistency mechanism is used in order to discriminate
between real and false objects. The Object Consistency mechanism builds a
history from the detections of potential objects. If the objects move too fast from
frame to frame (if the time passing from frame to frame is too long) the history
data is less reliable. Therefore you should consider reducing the frame rate only
if the objects of interest move slow enough. It is not recommended to change the
frame rate unless the issue of increasing the throughput is crucial.
Object Differentiation
There may be instances in which it is necessary to distinguish between different
types of objects. Typical applications include:
Detect humans but not small animals or vehicles
Detect vehicles but not humans
Vehicles can be differentiated from humans or other small objects simply by

using the size properties. To distinguish between humans, vehicles, and small
animals, it is recommended to use both the size properties and the Eccentricity
and Orientation properties. There is also a built-in mechanism called Human
Shadow Removal that filters out shadows. This mechanism is configured by
adding the following parameter to the AVAParams.txt file:
/OBJROI_remove_human_shadows = 1
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Suggested property values for human detection are:

Property
Value
Eccentricity
1.375 to 5.5 (2.75 / 2 to 2 * 2.75)
Orientation
1.57 +/- 0.52 ( /2 +/- 30 degrees)
Setting Size for Group of People

Alarms are generated by the Group of People configuration based on the size of
the group and not the number of people. The size is proportional to the area
occupied by the group.
People are considered to be part of the same group if the distance between them
is no more than twice a person width. The Group of People configuration is only
for use with a wide view with an edge-to-edge distance of at least 50 feet for CIF
resolution.
Mantrap
Object Detection can be configured to generate alarms when the number of
objects detected is greater than or equal to a certain number. By default the
minimum number is 1, meaning any detected object will generate an alarm. This
value can be increased using the Minimum Number of Objects for Alarm
advanced property. This setting can be used to create a mantrap scenario in
which only one person is allowed in a sterile environment. To use Object
Detection for a mantrap scenario, an overhead camera should be used with a
checkered mat, similar to the following:
For mantrap implementation, the scenario should meet the following

specifications:
At least 2 people should be distant by more than the diameter of the larger
person for at least 2 seconds.
If someone leaves an object that has a size comparable to a person it may

generate a false alarm.
2 fps (based on the 3 seconds assumption)
CIF resolution.
Focal length of 2.6mm.
Wide field of view with a camera height of at least 8.
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Graphical Output
When an Object Detection event occurs, a red ellipse bounding the detected
object displays.

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Chapter 14:
Object Left Behind Event

The Object Left Behind event detects whenever a foreground object is left static
for more than a pre-defined interval of time (at least 10 seconds).
The Object Left Behind event detects objects as small as 40 pixels, but generally
for small objects it should be used only in well defined scenarios, with a stable
background. A more common use of the Object Left Behind event would be for
vehicles or other significant objects.
Typical Scenes
Typical scenes include vehicles (illegally parked), a human lying in a hallway
(senior housing), or other significant objects left at a scene.
Non-eligible Scenes
Non-eligible scenes include scenes that are constantly busy, like an airport
terminal. Although if it is known that the scene is busy only in bursts and there
are periods of time (at least 1 minute) when the left object would be isolated then
you might be able to use the Non-Isolated Object filter to make the scene eligible.
Any scene with a non-eligible background is a non-eligible scene. For more
information, refer to Examples of Problematic Backgrounds on page 62.
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14: Object Left Behind Event
Event Properties
Field
Type
Description
Region of
Interest
ROI

ROI be created.
ROI Mask
Mask
scene.
Duration
(seconds)
Basic Property
The number of seconds elapsed since the object was left at the scene before
an alarm is generated. The minimum value is 10 seconds and the maximum
value is 300 seconds (5 minutes). Higher values reduce the probability for
false alarms.
Minimum
Object Size
(pixels)
Basic Property
Note:
Maximum
Object Size
(pixels)
Basic Property
Note:
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Field
Type
Description
Perspective
Correction for
Size
Advanced
Property
Convex Object
Advanced
Property

value is Disabled.
Event Parameters
Field
Type
Description
Background
Learning Time
Basic Parameter

Channel
Number
Advanced
Parameter

Diagnostics
Output Mode
Advanced
Parameter

Initial
Background
Learning Time
Basic Parameter

Intermittent
Isolated Object
Advanced
Parameter
Used for scenes where there are periods of time during which no motion
crosses over the object. The default value is FALSE.
Max
Eccentricity
Basic Parameter
Maximum allowed eccentricity (Recall that eccentricity is the ratio between

the two main axes of the best fitting ellipse, which is a measure of how
elongated the object is). The default value is 5. Used to filter out false objects
which are very elongated and can appear along elongated edge lines.
Object
Appeared as
Changed
Advanced
Parameter
page 65.
Scale-Down
Factor
Advanced
Parameter
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Field
Type
Description
Type Certainty
Basic Parameter
Confidence level threshold for left (vs. removed) object. Range is -100...100,
a negative value indicates confidence level for a removed object rather than a
left object. Default value is 30.
Use
Background
Certainty Filter
Advanced
Parameter
Use Log File
Advanced
Parameter
Use Original
Frame Size
Advanced
Parameter
value is Disabled.
Use Video
Stabilizer
Advanced
Parameter

Verify Object
Saliency
Basic Parameter

Changing the Type Certainty

The Type Certainty is used to discriminate between foreground objects and
background objects. For more information, refer to Foreground vs. Background
Objects on page 68. The Object Left Behind event is concerned only with
foreground objects (contrary to the Object Removed event).
The value of the Object Left Type Certainty can affect the probability for false
detection and misdetection. False objects, like objects caused by slow moving
shadows, are expected to have a low Certainty grade (close to or less than 0).
Distinct foreground objects are expected to have a high Certainty grade (at least
40). If you encounter misdetections, reduce the value of the Type Certainty to see
if this is the cause. You can start with -100 to see if the misdetection is due to the
Type Certainty. If it is, try setting a value close to but less than 0 (-20 or even -10)
which may be sufficient. Be aware that alarms can potentially be generated for
removed objects as a result of this change.
Alert on Object Only Once

By default, the Object Left Behind engine sends an alarm as long as the object is
detected in the scene. To receive only a single alarm for a specific object set the
following parameter in the AVAParams.txt file:
/LEFTO_alert_only_once = 1
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Filtration by Orientation
Objects can be filtered out based on their orientation. For example, if you wish to
detect left baggage, but occasionally people will stop in the camera view, you can
filter out objects which are vertical (humans). There are several options for this
filter:
Filter out vertical objects
Filter out horizontal objects
Filter out objects which are not vertical (horizontal objects and objects with
no distinct orientation)
Filter out objects which are not horizontal (vertical objects and objects with
no distinct orientation)
This filter can be set with the /LEFTO_orientation_filter parameter in

the AVAParams.txt file with one of the following values:
0 - Off (default)
1 - Filter vertical objects
2 - Filter horizontal objects
3 - Alert only on vertical objects
4 - Alert only on horizontal objects
Graphical Output
When the Object Left Behind event occurs a red rectangle highlights where the
object was located.

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126 revision 1
Chapter 15:
Object Lurking Event

The Object Lurking event is used to detect objects that were moving and then
slowed down or stopped for at least 7 seconds. The object can be human, vehicle,
or other. The object must move for a length of at least 20 pixels before lurking
begins.
The path of motion for the object should be horizontal or close to horizontal. If
the object moves toward or away from the camera it might be detected as lurking
due to the direction of motion even if it moves at a normal pace.
The minimum object size should be 200 pixels and the camera should be wide
view.
Typical Scenes
A typical scene might be a street after hours when people are not expected to
linger.
Event Properties
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15: Object Lurking Event
Field
Type
Description
Region of
Interest
ROI

ROI be created.
ROI Mask
Mask
scene.
Minimum Object
Size (pixels)
Basic Property
If selected, this value defines the minimum object size in pixels. The default
value is 50.
Note:
Maximum
Object Size
(pixels)
Basic Property
Eccentricity
Basic Property
If selected, this value defines the maximum object size in pixels.

Note:
Basic Property

Defines the shape of an object to look for. Select the check box and use the
slider or the object vertices to adjust the object shape. The Eccentricity
defines how elongated the shape is.
Note:
Orientation
(degrees)

If unchecked, the eccentricity will not be processed by the engine,

Defines how the object is positioned on the screen (horizontally, vertically,

or somewhere in between). Select the check box and use the slider or the
object vertices to change the position of the object.
Note:
If unchecked, the orientation will not be processed by the engine,

Perspective
Correction for
Size
Advanced
Property
Sensitivity
Basic Property
Sensitivity of detection. The value is proportional to the maximum speed that

still regarded as "lurking". The default value is 5.
Human Shadow
Removal
Advanced
Property
Filter to remove human shadows. This property should be used when

detecting humans. The default value is Disable.
Event Parameters
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Field
Type
Description
Background
Learning Time
Basic Parameter

Channel
Number
Advanced
Parameter

Diagnostics
Output Mode
Advanced
Parameter

Initial
Background
Learning Time
Basic Parameter

Motion Frame
Rate
Advanced
Parameter
Scale-Down
Factor
Advanced
Parameter
Use Log File
Advanced
Parameter
Use Original
Frame Size
Advanced
Parameter
value is Disabled.
Use Video
Stabilizer
Advanced
Parameter

Verify Object
Saliency
Basic Parameter

Graphical Output
When a Loitering event occurs, an ellipse bounding the lurking object is
displayed.
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15: Object Lurking Event

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Chapter 16:
Object Moves Too Fast Event

The Object Moves Too Fast event detects an object that moves faster than a predefined threshold. The maximum allowed speed of the object is defined in terms
of time interval and a distance. The distance is defined by two lines marked by
the user. The object has to move from one line to the other in less than the predefined time interval in order to generate an alarm.
Typical Scenes
A typical scene might be used to detect a vehicle speeding or a person running.
The practical resolution of the speed is limited and depends on frame rate and the
camera position in relation to the object. Ideally, the camera plane should be
parallel to the axis of the motion. Objects have to be separated from each other.
For example, a crowd of people or very congested traffic would not be ideal
scenes. The motion should start at least 25 pixels before the starting line and end
at least 25 pixels after the ending line. The lines should not be set at the edge of
the frame.
Eligible Objects
and the frame rate.
If the object moves too fast you might need to increase the fps. If minimum
object size is not an issue, you might try to change the camera zoom, reduce the
frame size, or move the region to farther away from the immediate area. For
more information, refer to Eligible Objects on page 87.
Setting the Speed

In general, speed is distance divided by time. For the Object Moves Too Fast
event, you should set the distance (by setting end lines) and the time (in seconds)
in order to define the speed threshold. When you set the two lines, make sure
there is a significant difference between:
The time it takes for an object that moves too fast to move from one
line to the other.
The time it normally takes an object to move from one line to the other.
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16: Object Moves Too Fast Event
Be aware that the detected speed is just an estimate. Therefore in order to reduce
the probability of false alarms it is important to have a significant difference
between the two factors above.
The larger the object is, the higher the potential for error. Therefore the ratio
between the diameter of the object and the distance of the two lines should be as
large as possible, under the constraints defined for this event.
Setting up the Camera
Set the camera such that the image plane is parallel to the axis of
motion. This way the 2-D speed most reliably reflects the real world
speed. For more information, refer to Direction and Speed on page 69.
Set the frame rate as high as possible. The default frame rate is 15 fps.
Event Properties
Field
Type
Description
Region of
Interest
ROI
The Region of Interest (ROI) is automatically created for this event and
cannot be deleted. To configure it, use the mouse to move the green vertices
to the correct positions and adjust the length and angle of the crossing line.
The line should be as long as possible and perpendicular to the direction of
motion. The ROI is derived automatically from the line.
Crossing
Direction
Basic Property
Determines the direction of motion that will result in an alarm being

generated. Can be direction A, direction B, or both directions. A
corresponding arrow appears on the region of interest in the video window.
Maximum
Crossing Time
(seconds)
Basic Property
Time interval in seconds, in which the object has to move from line to line in
order to generate an alarm. If the object moves from line to line but it takes
longer than this threshold it means that the object is not moving too fast, and
no alarm is generated.
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Field
Type
Description
Level of Motion
Basic Property
Sensitivity determines the level of motion. Number ranges between 0

(lowest) and 100 (highest). The default value (35) should be adequate for
most situations. The value should not be greater than the Level displayed in
the Event Feedback Pane in order to generate an alarm.
Event Parameters
Field
Type
Description
Channel
Number
Advanced
Parameter

Diagnostics
Output Mode
Advanced
Parameter

Motion Mask
Sensitivity
Advanced
Parameter
CPU power.
Motion Frame
Rate
Advanced
Parameter
Scale-Down
Factor
Advanced
Parameter
Use Log File
Advanced
Parameter
Use Original
Frame Size
Advanced
Parameter
value is Disabled.
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16: Object Moves Too Fast Event
Field
Type
Description
Use Video
Stabilizer
Advanced
Parameter

Graphical Output
When an Object Moves Too Fast event occurs, a red arrow from the starting line
to the ending line is displayed.

compression be no greater than 50. For a better determination of the level of
speed, you might need to increase the frame rate.
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Chapter 17:
Object Removed Event

The Object Removed event detects if a background object has been removed.
Alarms are generated until the object is placed back into its original position or
the engine learns the new background.
Note:
The Object Removed event detects objects as small as 40 pixels, but

generally for small objects it should be used only in a well defined scenario
with a stable background. A more common use of the Object Removed event
would be for vehicles or other significant objects.
There is a delay between the time the object is removed and the alarm is
generated. The delay is in the range of 10-19 seconds by default. This delay can
be reduced (using the AVAParams.txt file), however it is not recommended. A
shorter delay increases the probability of alarm.
Typical Scenes
Typical scenes include a vehicle leaving its spot or an object being taken from a
room such as art from a museum.
Non-eligible Scenes
Objects that are not distinctive, or objects that are part of a group of similar
looking objects are not eligible scenes. For example, a barrel located in a stack of
barrels. In addition, if the background is not eligible then the scene is not eligible.
Note:
The Object Removed event is not intended to track an objects location

within a scene. If an object is moved from one spot to another within the
scene, it is considered as an object removed from one location and another
object added to the new location.
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17: Object Removed Event
Event Properties
Field
Type
Description
Region of
Interest
ROI

maximum of 10 vertices. It is strongly recommended you set the ROI.
ROI Mask
Mask
scene.
Minimum
Object Size
(pixels)
Basic Property
Note:
Maximum
Object Size
(pixels)
Basic Property

object vertices to increase or decrease the maximum object size. If
unchecked, there is no restriction on object maximum size.
Note:

Perspective
Correction for
Size
Advanced
Property
Convex Object
Advanced
Property

value is Disabled.
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Event Parameters
Field
Type
Description
Background
Learning Time
Basic Parameter

Channel
Number
Advanced
Parameter

Diagnostics
Output Mode
Advanced
Parameter

Initial
Background
Learning Time
Basic Parameter

Maximum
Eccentricity
Basic Parameter
Maximum allowed eccentricity (Recall that eccentricity is the ratio between

the two main axes of the best fitting ellipse, which is a measure of how
elongated the object is). The default value is 5. Used to filter out false objects
which are very elongated and can appear along elongated edge lines.
Object
Appeared as
Changed
Advanced
Parameter
page 65.
Scale-Down
Factor
Advanced
Parameter
Type Certainty
Basic Parameter
Confidence level threshold for removed (vs. left behind) object. Range is 100...100, a negative value indicates confidence level for a left behind object
rather than a removed object. Default value is 0.
Use
Background
Certainty Filter
Advanced
Parameter
Use Log File
Advanced
Parameter
Use Original
Frame Size
Advanced
Parameter
value is Disabled.
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17: Object Removed Event
Field
Type
Description
Use Video
Stabilizer
Advanced
Parameter

Verify Object
Saliency
Basic Parameter

Changing the Type Certainty

The Type Certainty is used in order to discriminate between a background object
and a foreground object. For more information, refer to Foreground vs.
Background Objects on page 68. The Object Removed event is concerned only
with background objects (contrary to the Object Left behind event).
The value of the Object Removed Type Certainty can affect the probability for
false detection and misdirection. False objects, such as objects caused by slow
moving shadows, are expected to have a low Certainty grade (close to or less
than 0). Distinct foreground objects are expected to have a high Certainty grade
(at least 40). If you encounter misdetections, reduce the value of the Type
Certainty to see if this is the cause. You can start with -100 to see if the
misdetection is due to the Type Certainty. If it is, try setting a value close to but
less than 0 (-20 or even -10) which may be sufficient. Be aware that alarms can
potentially be generated for left objects as a result of this change.
Graphical Output
When the Object Removed event occurs a red rectangle highlights where the
object was located.

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Chapter 18:
Object Starts to Move Event

The Object Starts to Move event detects a background object that starts to move.
Typical Scenes
Specific vehicle or vessel (using the ROI to identify the specific object) leaving
its parking spot for live and forensic mode. Can also be used for the whole frame,
but it is strongly recommended for use with a specific object identified by the
ROI. This event can also be used as a building block for specific motion patterns.
Eligible Scenes
The scene must comply with the guidelines for eligible scenes (see Background
Model on page 61) and must be in Surveillance View (see Surveillance View on
page 75). Object motion should comply with the specifications of maximum
speed as described in the section Maximum 2-Dimensional Speed on page 70. In
this context see also the section Eligible Objects on page 87. Object size should
comply with the requirements for Minimum Objects on page 70.
Event Properties
Field
Type
Description
Region of
Interest
ROI

ROI be created.
ROI Mask
Mask
scene.
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18: Object Starts to Move Event
Event Parameters
Field
Type
Description
Background
Learning Time
Basic Parameter

Channel
Number
Advanced
Parameter

Diagnostics
Output Mode
Advanced
Parameter

Initial
Background
Learning Time
Basic Parameter

Motion Frame
Rate
Advanced
Parameter
Scale-Down
Factor
Advanced
Parameters
Use Log File
Advanced
Parameter
Use Original
Frame Size
Advanced
Parameter
value is Disabled.
Use Video
Stabilizer
Advanced
Parameter

Setting the Region of Interest

There is no need to bound the whole object. It is sufficient to use the ROI to
cover a portion of the object you expect to begin moving. The motion trajectory
of the object has to be within the ROI, it is important to leave space of at least 50
pixels for the motion trajectory. The size of the region that starts to move can be
as small as 75 pixels, however the larger the object is, the lower the probability
for misdetection.
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Graphical Output
When an Object Starts to Move event occurs, the object that moved is indicated
by a red arrow.

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18: Object Starts to Move Event
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Chapter 19:
Object Stops Event

The Object Stops event detects when a distinctive object stops. It is highly
recommended that you use the ROI to detect events. Using the ROI improves
performance and reduces the potential for false alarms. It is highly recommended
to set the camera and the ROI such that there is no visual occlusion of the
potential object of interest in the relevant area. Objects making a u-turn might
generate false alarms in some situations.
Typical Scenes
Typical scenes include a person or vehicle that moved and then stopped moving.
For example, a vehicle that stops at a stop sign, a vehicle that pulled out to the
shoulder and stopped, a vehicle that stopped in a tunnel, etc. The motion of the
object, before stopping, must be seen inside the ROI.
Event Properties
Field
Type
Description
Region of
Interest
ROI
Region of Interest (ROI) identifies the area of video to be processed.

Although optional, it is strongly recommended the ROI be created. The ROI
is a general polygon which can consist of a minimum of 4 and a maximum of
10 vertices. The ROI for the Object Stops event must be larger than the area
that the object stops in (e.g. a parking space). The object must be detected as
moving first and then stopping within the ROI.
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19: Object Stops Event
Field
Type
Description
ROI Mask
Mask
scene.
Level of Motion
Basic Property

threshold).
74.
Radius of
Motion
Advanced
Property
This value approximates the radius of the moving object. Increase the value
for larger objects and decrease it for smaller objects. The default value is 50
pixels and is sufficient for most applications.
Minimum
Duration of
Motion
(seconds)
Advanced
Property

alarm. Default value is 0.500 seconds. A higher value reduces the probability
for false alarms, but also reduces the sensitivity. For more information, refer
to Motion Parameters on page 74.
Minimum
Length of
Motion (pixels)
Advanced
Property
Minimum 2-D distance covered by the object (in pixels) before an alarm is
generated. The default value is 20 pixels. For more information, refer to
Event Parameters
Field
Type
Description
Background
Learning Time
Basic Parameter

Channel
Number
Advanced
Parameter
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Field
Type
Description
Diagnostics
Output Mode
Advanced
Parameter

Initial
Background
Learning Time
Basic Parameter

Motion Frame
Rate
Advanced
Parameter
Scale-Down
Factor
Advanced
Parameter
Use Log File
Advanced
Parameter
Use Original
Frame Size
Advanced
Parameter
value is Disabled.
Use Video
Stabilizer
Advanced
Parameter

Verify Object
Saliency
Basic Parameter


The default frame rate for the Object Stops event is 9 fps. The frame rate can be
reduced using the parameter Motion Frame Rate if the relevant objects move
slowly (in the image plane). For more information, refer to Eligible Objects on
page 87.
Reducing the frame rate results in a higher throughput (number of channels that
can be processed on a single server), but it might increase the probability for
misdetection and false alarm.
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19: Object Stops Event
Graphical Output
When an Object Stops event occurs, the object that stopped moving is
highlighted with a red circle.

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Chapter 20:
People Counting Event

The People Counting event uses an overhead camera to generate alarms when a
person enters or exits a doorway. A video search utilizing the Event
Configuration/Search dialog allows entry and exit counts to be generated for the
session. Counters are reset by clicking the [Refresh] button.
Typical Scenes
Flow
It is assumed that the flow of people is moving (not stopping below the
line).
Density of people is regular (not bursts of attaching people).
People must cross the rectangular region of interest completely,

approximately orthogonally to the rectangle base.
Camera Mounting and Location
Camera is mounted on the ceiling with the image plane parallel to the
floor.
Camera height can be in the range of 8-12 feet, depending on the field of
view of the lens and zoom. See the Camera Heights table that follows.
The parameters should be calibrated as described in the Event
Parameters section.
Gate width that is covered by the system depends on the camera type. It
is in the range of 4.5 feet to 9 feet. See the Camera Heights table that
follows.
Gate opening should be away from the side in which the camera is
installed (the door should not cross the center of the rectangular region
of interest when opened).
Wide angle lens (ideally with the option to play with the zoom during
installation).
Regular room lighting (turning the light off can cause false counts).
Camera can be mounted inside or outside.
15 fps.
Camera Heights and Lenses

Three different types of lenses are used for 1/3 CCD:
Wide - f=3.5 mm
Very wide - f=2.8 mm
Super wide - fish-eye, 170 field of view
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20: People Counting Event
The field of view from a 12 ceiling height should have a focal length of 4.2 mm
with 1/3" CCD. This is comparable to a lens with a focal length of 3.5 mm at a
height of 10. Lenses with a narrower field of view are not recommended. The
field of view is inversely proportional to the focal length. A lens with a focal
length wider than 4.2 mm has a smaller field of view and requires a greater
ceiling height.
The field of view can be calculated for different height and focal length
combinations using a lens calculator or CCTV field of view calculator
usually available on the camera manufacturers web site. The Person Width
parameter can also be used to evaluate alternate camera placements. If the Person
Width parameter cannot be calibrated, then the field of view is not adequate.
The following table summarizes the gate width that can be covered by different
camera lenses at different camera heights. It also presents the maximum number
of people that, under ideal conditions, can walk side by side under the camera
and still be discriminated from each other. Lastly, it presents the corresponding
values of the Person Width parameter. These values should be set using the
calibration map as explained in the section Calibrating the Person Width
parameter, values included in the table are estimates.
People counting can be used with a super wide lens for ceiling heights of 7,
however this height should be used only if there are no other options. The table
refers to camera heights of 10 feet, 8 feet, and 7 feet. The recommended range is
8-12 feet. For camera heights in the range of 10-12 feet, use the Gate Width that
appears in the table for 10 feet.
Camera Heights
Lens
Wide
Very Wide
Super Wide
Height
10
10
10
Gate Width
4-5
Maximum People
100
60
70
80
45
70
80
Person Width
Overhead view
Measuring Accuracy
The accuracy is measured on the flow of people in and out. GDin is the actual
number of people passing in the in direction and GDout is the number of people
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passing in the out direction. FPin and FPout are the number of people counted
by the application as passing in the in and out directions, respectively. The
error rate is the value of ER defined by:
erin
erout
GDin FPin
GDin
GDout FPout
GDout
GDin
GDout
erout
er erin
GD
GD
GD
GD
out
in
out
in
Real world scenarios are required to reliably measure accuracy. Generating an

artificial flow of people by a small group of individuals might yield different
statistics than real flow. For example, a single person going in and out 100 times
is not similar to 100 people going in/out once. The height and size of the person
may bias the outcome (for good if he/she fits the calibration, or for bad if he/she
doesnt).
Use of Background Map

Overview
Significant dynamic spots of light and shadows (such as with external windowed
doors) may make a scene problematic for counting accuracy. In order to
overcome the effects of dramatic lighting, the system supports an option mode of
using background stickers. The stickers are put on the floor below the camera
along the field of view. The user can select between the default regular mode
and this Background Stickers mode. There is no need to use the Background
Stickers mode for internal doors or doors without dynamic spots of light.
Stickers
Stickers should be regular in shape, with a dimension of 9.5 (24 cm) by 2.5 (6
cm). Each sticker is composed of a solid dark color (black) or a bright color
(white). The stickers can be part of a mat.
Installation
Note:
This installation is in addition to the regular People Counting setup

procedures.
Approximately 40 stickers should be evenly distributed in the field of view that

corresponds to the recommended height of the People Counting camera. There is
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no need for an accurate layout, the stickers are detected automatically by the
system when the Use Background Stickers parameter is enabled. This process is
done only once, and the stickers must remain in place while the Background
Stickers mode is in use.
Flow
The background is automatically learned during a start up learning time of a few
seconds to 2 minutes. Once the system has learned the background, the flow
continues like the regular mode of People Counting.
Operation
Consult Technical Support before choosing to work under Background Stickers
mode.
Background Map mode may be set by enabling the Use Background Stickers
parameter and setting the following field in AVAParams.txt:
/AVAIflags_UseBackgroundMapForPC
Background Map mode uses the Background Model, which allows you to set the
three background parameters. The default values for these parameters should be
sufficient. For more information, refer to Background Model on page 61.
Event Properties
Field
Type
Description
Region of
Interest
ROI
The Region of Interest (ROI) is automatically created for this event and
cannot be deleted. To configure it, use the mouse to move the green vertices
to the correct positions and adjust the length and angle of the crossing line.
The line should be as long as possible and perpendicular to the direction of
motion. The ROI is derived automatically from the line.
Crossing
Direction
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Basic Property
Sets the direction of entrance/exit. A corresponding arrow appears on the

region of interest in the video player pane.
Event Parameters
Field
Type
Description
Channel
Number
Advanced
Parameter

Correction
Factor
Basic Parameter
Values in the range 0...10, default value is 1. A correction factor to the global
count, in case that there is a systematic bias.
Diagnostics
Output Mode
Advanced
Parameter

Motion Frame
Rate
Advanced
Parameter
Person Width
Basic Parameter
Sets the width of an average person. Should be calibrated with a calibration

map when you initially configure this parameter. Values range between
20...100, default value is 100.
Scale-Down
Factor
Advanced
Parameter
This parameter is not supported with the People Counting event.
Scale Down
Frame for
Motion
Advanced
Parameter
Percentage of the original frame size to scale frames down to for tracking
people through the ROI. Enabling this feature decreases the amount of CPU
power consumed.
Sensitivity
Threshold
Basic Parameter
The default value is 30. The value should set as high as possible
while still being adequate for the scene. Darker scenes need a lower
value for Sensitivity Threshold. For more information, refer to
Sensitivity Threshold on page 152.
Use Automatic
Sensitivity
Basic Parameter
If enabled, a sensitivity threshold is automatically determined. Enabling this

feature consumes more CPU processing power.
Use Background
Advanced
Parameter
If enabled, background learning is used. Enabling this feature consumes

more CPU processing power.
Use Background
Stickers
Advanced
Parameter
Boolean. Used in situations of acute disturbances caused by dynamic light

spots, such as in external windowed doors. Default value is FALSE
(disabled).
Use Log File
Advanced
Parameter
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Field
Type
Description
Use Original
Frame Size
Advanced
Parameter
value is Disabled.
Use Video
Stabilizer
Advanced
Parameter

Calibrating the Person Width parameter

Complete the following steps to calibrate the Person Width parameter:
1.
Use a square size 36x36 inches (91x91 centimeters), and lay it on the floor
below the camera.
2.
Set the Diagnostics Output Mode advanced parameter to 43.
3.
From the Event menu, select Screen Output > Diagnostics Video Mode.
4.
Move the square such that its edges are parallel to the rectangle edges that
you see in the video. Change the Person Width parameter such that the
square edges unite with the rectangle edges.
Notice that changing the Person Width parameter causes a change in the height of
the blue rectangle under the Diagnostics Output Mode 43. The important
dimension is the one that is parallel to the area which is used to measure the
distance along this direction.
Correction Factor
In some scenarios there might be a systematic bias to the count of the flow. For
example, you might notice that the count for In and Out is almost always x% less
(or more) than the real number. In this case you can add the correction factor. For
example, if the bias is under by at least 2%, the correction factor should be 1.02.
Sensitivity Threshold
There are five practical values for this parameter: 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35. The
default value is 30. The value should set as high as possible while still being
adequate for the scene. Darker scenes need a lower value for Sensitivity
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Threshold. Switch to Diagnostics View and select the maximum value that does
not cause the white blobs around the passing person to break into more than one
connected component. The figures below illustrate the difference between a low
value (left figure) to a value which is too high (right figure) that causes the blob
to break into few connected components. Disconnected blobs can cause
miscounts.
There is an option to have it selected automatically by setting the Use Automatic

Sensitivity parameter to Enable.
Manual setting of the Sensitivity Threshold parameter is preferred, however the
automatic mode yields similar results. The error rate on the flow of people is
expected to be 1% higher. For more information, refer to External Parameter File
on page 21.
Diagnostic Mode
The default Diagnostic Mode for the People Counting event is 8. In this view, a
rectangle bounding the ROI is drawn in black, while the passing person is in
white. An ellipse is drawn around the person detected as passing.
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Graphical Output
When a People Counting event occurs, a red arrow in the direction of entering
person or a blue arrow in the direction of exiting person is displayed.

The video source should be 15 frames per second and the video compression be
no greater than 50.
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Chapter 21:
Smart Video Motion Detection Event

The Smart Video Motion Detection (Smart VMD) event detects a change in the
ROI, while optionally ignoring camera vibrations and areas of constant motion.
Smart VMD can ignore snow/hail/rain and other noise, using the optional
object shape properties. It can also detect sequential events in two or more ROIs.
This can be used for defining direction in some limited cases of sparse motion of
objects and even speed by setting the maximum time interval between events
in different ROIs.
Event Properties
Field
Type
Description
Region of
Interest
ROI

maximum of 10 vertices. It is strongly recommended you set the ROI.
The ROI in the smart VMD can be a general polygon.
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21: Smart Video Motion Detection Event
Field
Type
Description
ROI Mask
Mask
scene.
Level of Change
Basic Property
Select the amount of change that occurs at the scene.

Level of Change determines the degree of response to motion. Numbers
range between 0 (lowest) and 100 (highest). The default value is 80.
You should change the default value only when motion is not detected
(decrease the Level of Change) or unwanted motion is detected (increase the
Level of Change).
The Level of Change parameter is somewhat proportional to the size of the
moving object. An alarm is generated when the Level displayed in the Event
Feedback pane rises above the Level of Change.
Noise Filtration
Basic Property
If enabled, video noise caused by weather or camera vibrations are

suppressed at a level specified by the property setting. After changing this
value the Level of Change property should be adjusted based on the Level in
the Event Feedback Pane.
Auto Sensitivity
Basic Property
Used to adjust the sensitivity for dark scenes. This parameter consumes more
processing resources and should be only used when necessary. Disabled by
default.
Note:
Duration
Basic Property
Time in seconds that motion should be detected before it generates an alarm.

Note:
Minimum
Object Size
(pixels)
Basic Property
Basic Property

Maximum size of an object. If unchecked, there is no restriction on object

maximum size.
Note:
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When Auto Sensitivity is enabled, a 2 second duration will be

enforced unless an alternate value is specified in the Duration
property.
Minimum size of an object. For more information, refer to Minimum Objects

on page 70.
Note:
Maximum
Object Size
(pixels)
When Auto Sensitivity is enabled, a 2 second duration will be

enforced unless an alternate value is specified in the Duration
property.

Field
Type
Description
Object Color
Basic Property
Object color defines the color range an object should be for an alarm to be
generated. Select the Object Color check box and use the color table to
select the closest matching color. During color selection, you can identify
which segments of the video frame will correspond to the selected color. For
effective color matching, the position of the 2 color sliders (hue and
grayness) should be used to tune the parameters so that the background
image is gray and the desired color stands out.
Note:
Color matching is most effective for saturated colors and may be

problematic for unsaturated (grayed) colors.
Event Parameters
Field
Type
Description
Auto Sensitivity
Basic Parameter
Used to adjust the sensitivity for dark scenes. This parameter consumes more
processing resources and should be only used when necessary. Disabled by
default.
Channel
Number
Advanced
Parameter

Diagnostics
Output Mode
Advanced
Parameter

Enable Poor
Quality Warning
Advanced
Parameter

Enable Video
Graininess
Warning
Advanced
Parameter

Logical AND of
Regions
Basic Parameter
Defines the time during which the object must cross all defined regions. The
default is -1 (disabled).
Logical AND of
Regions Direction
Basic Parameter
Determines the order in which each ROI should be crossed to generate an

alarm. Directions include Left to Right, Right to Left, Bottom to Top, and
Top to Bottom.
This parameter is only used in combination with the Logical AND of
Regions parameter.
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Field
Type
Description
Poor Quality
Warning
Threshold
Advanced
Parameter

Scale-Down
Factor
Advanced
Parameter
Sensitivity
Threshold
Basic Parameter
This parameter is relevant only for very dark or bright scenes. Lower this
value if the lowest Level of Change is not sensitive enough. Range of values
is 0...1 (percentage). Default value is 0.1. Use the Level value displayed in
the Event Feedback pane to adjust this setting. Should rarely be used.
Smart VMD
Frame Rate
Advanced
Parameter
Smart VMD events. For more information, refer to Frame Rate Parameter on
page 20.
Use Log File
Advanced
Parameter
Use Original
Frame Size
Advanced
Parameter
value is Disabled.
Use Video
Stabilizer
Advanced
Parameter


The default frame rate processed by the engine is 2 frames per second (fps), but it
can be changed using the Smart VMD Frame Rate parameter. You can use a
lower frame rate if you are looking for objects which appear clearly in the screen
for more than one second. There are two potential reasons for lowering the frame
rate:
1.
Lower frame rate means higher throughput (number of channels that can be
processed).
2.
Object shape properties tend to be more accurate.
Setting Sequential Events

Two or more ROIs can be defined with a specific order and time interval to
generate an alarm. This can be used to detect intrusion in a specific direction
(determined by the order of the ROIs) and a specific speed (maximum time
interval between consecutive Smart VMD events).
The Logical AND of Regions parameter is used to define the maximum allowed
time interval between the occurrences in the currently defined ROIs. The Logical
AND of Regions - Direction parameter is used to define the order of the Smart
VMD event occurrences between the ROIs. This mechanism is useful only for
scenarios involving sporadic events. If moving objects exist around the scene
then the Logical AND of Regions parameter should not be used.
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Setting Smart VMD Sensitivity to Change Automatically

In scenes during dusk or dawn, the default value of the Sensitivity parameter
might be inadequate and misdetections may occur. There is an option to have it
selected automatically by setting the Auto Sensitivity parameter.
If after setting this parameter false alarms are generated, an adjustment can be
made to force the alarm only if an object is detected more than once. This can be
set with the Duration property.
The Duration property is set with a value in seconds. Setting a value of 1 means
that the moving object should be detected for at least 1 second before generating
an alarm. Under the default frame rate of Smart VMD, which is 2 fps, this means
that the object should be detected in at least two consecutive frames. Setting this
value higher (2 seconds), reduces the probability for false alarms but increases
the probability for misdetection. You should use this parameter only when the /
AVAIflags_UseSVMDAutoThresh parameter generates false alarms. The
only relevant values for this parameter are 1 second and 2 seconds.
Graphical Output
When a Smart VMD event occurs, a red rectangle displays, bounding the ROI. In
addition, the current level of change graph in the Event Configuration/Search
dialog displays the history of the level of change. You can also set the level of
change property.

compression be not greater than 50.
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Maintaining Your
System
Chapter 22:
Diagnostics
Diagnostic display is a mode of displaying input video with information which
can be helpful for diagnostics and for parameter calibration.
Switch to Diagnostic Mode

To switch from regular mode to diagnostic mode:
1.
Open the Event Configuration/Search dialog.
2.
Select Event > Screen Output > Diagnostics Video Mode.
Select the Diagnostic Display

The diagnostic display is useful for installation and troubleshooting. It contains
information that helps you to determine if a specific scene is eligible and to
understand the reason for unexpected results.
The following is a table of diagnostic displays. Note that the value in the
Number column is the number that should be set for the Diagnostics Output
Mode advanced parameter.
Diagnostic Displays Table

Display
Number
Description
People Counting
Binary Map
Candidates for people appear in white and are bounded by an ellipse. The
background appears in black. A blue (exit) or red (enter) rectangle indicates each
in/out even detection.
People Counting:
Calibration of
Person
43
Uses a calibration map to set the person size. For more information, refer to
Calibrating the Person Width parameter on page 152.
Video Stabilizer
57
Displays the video after stabilization.
This can be set in the Video Channel Configuration dialog. For example, to set
the diagnostic mode to Video Stabilizer, you would use the mode number 57.
If the selected display mode is not active for the current event, a black screen
displays in the video player pane.
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22: Diagnostics

Diagnostic modes are available for calibrating the Perspective Correction for
Size.
Diagnostic Modes for Perspective Size Correction Calibration

Event
Number
Description
Object Detection
69
Loitering
70
Object Left Behind
94
Object Removed
95
Object Lurking
97
Each diagnostic mode draws a rectangle bounding detected objects. Below each
bounding rectangle, the image size of the object (in pixels) is displayed in white
and the corrected size is displayed in green. A horizontal red line that represents
the computed horizon line is drawn based on the configured Perspective
Correction for Size quadrangle. If configured, the minimum and maximum
corrected object sizes are displayed in the upper right corner of the image.a The
minimum object size is 35 by default.
a.The minimum and maximum sizes displayed are internal values. By default, IntelligentVideo processes video at CIF
resolution. If the video is larger than CIF resolution and IntelligentVideo has not been explicitly configured to process
video at greater than CIF resolution, the video is scaled down internally to CIF resolution. This means that the size values
displayed by the diagnostic mode would not be in the same scale as the values that might be configured as minimum and
maximum object size values. The configured sizes will be larger than the sizes utilized internally by a factor of (pixels in
original resolution) / (pixels in the processed resolution). For example, if the actual video is 4CIF, but the video is
processed internall at CIF resolution, then the minimum and maximum object size values must be configured four times
larger than those displayed with the diagnostic mode: 4CIF/CIF = 4. If the original video resolution and processed
resolution are the same then the diagnostic mode values and the configured values will be equal: CIF/CIF = 1.
164 revision 1
Chapter 23:
Logfiles
Logfiles are output to the Logfiles folder under the AVA directory. The AVA
directory is located at: \Program Files\Common Files\Lenel\AVA.
Each logfile has a unique alpha-numerical name, starting with AVAlogfile_,
such as AVAlogfile_5.txt. The number after the first underscore is a unique ID
configured in the event settings using the Channel Number parameter. The
number after the second underscore is just a unique stamp with no special
meaning.
A new logfile is generated automatically, when the current file is full and exceeds
a pre-defined number of frames. Currently, the number of frames in a logfile is
not more than 5400.
Message Structure
The structure of a message (line in the text file) is as follows:
Virtual Frame number
Hour:Minute:Second
Type
Group
Function
Message
The Virtual Frame number is an internal time stamp. There are 72 virtual frames
in a second.
For example: 22342 (11:28:20): 8: 0: _AVAIProcess:Frame Num is = 22342
The messages output to the text logfile can be filtered by the Type field. This can
be set using the AVAParams.txt file, using the flag:
/LOGFILE_T_masks
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23: Logfiles
Types of Filters
Important:
These filters are bitwise masks, where 1 means mask and 0 unmask.
Types of Filters
Type
Description
Not in use
Cut processing because out of space
Flow control
Parameters display
Properties display
Algorithms related
Running time measurement
Event Message
Frame rate monitoring
For example, if you want to mask all types except type #2, you should set the
number (29-1)-22= 507 to the flag /LOGFILE_T_masks. In binary representation
this is:
Frame
Rate
Message
Time
Algorithms
Property
Param
Flow
Boundary
N/A
Bit #8
Bit #7
Bit #6
Bit #5
Bit #4
Bit #3
Bit #2
Bit #1
Bit #0
Monitoring Logfiles for Overload Diagnostics

If too many events are defined on a single machine, the CPU might be
overloaded and the actual number of frames per second processed by part or all
the event-engines might be less than the minimum required. This can lead to
misdetection of events.
Although, with proper use, such a thing is not supposed to occur (because you are
expected to follow the maximum number of events per a given machine
specifications), it can be useful to have a way of detecting overloading.
166 revision 1
To use a logfile you must use the AVAParams.txt parameters file. The relevant
flags are:
Flag = value
Description
/LOGFILE = 1
Using Logfile
Logfile messages are filtered by the following two flags:
Note:
Flag = value
Description
/LOGFILE_T_masks
Bitwise mask, by Type
You should set the following value: /LOGFILE_T_masks = 3227 to see the
processed frame rate.
Alarm Logging
Alarm logging enables the user to view events on the IVS. It is composed of two
parts: logfile output and bitmap output.
Logfile Output
By default the following information is output to the logfile:
After the first frame has been processed, the logfile will contain the status
report for each of the modeules in the system, including relevant properties
and parameters.
Each subsequent frame will output when alarms are generated and restored.
The times that the alarms occur should match the times in Alarm
Monitoring. In addition to the event engines, the following alarms may also
be generated to the log file: insufficient frame rate, poor visibility, and
invalid background.
The logfiles are located at C:\Program Files\Common

Files\Lenel\Ava\Logfiles\ and are named with the format:
AVAlogfile_<channel number>_<random number>.txt
Bitmap Output
When enabled, alarms will generate a bitmap to C:\Program Files\Common
Files\Lenel\Ava\Alarms\. The times that each bitmap is created should match
the times that events are generated in Alarm Monitoring. The bitmap is a
grayscale image of the current frame processed by the engine, with all graphical
output superimposed in red.
Bitmaps are named in the following format:
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23: Logfiles
<channel number>_<ordinal number>_<tail>.bmp

Configuration for bitmap output is performed using the AVAParams.txt file. For
more information, refer to External Parameter File on page 21.
Parameter String
Description
Use Alarm Logging
/AVAI_output_alarms
Set to 1 to enable the output of alarm bitmaps.
Maximum Number
of Bitmaps
/AlarmOutput_max_bitmaps
Maximum number of bitmaps to save per

channel. Once this number is reached, no
additional bitmaps will be saved. The default
value is 10,000.
Number of
Dropped Bitmaps
/AlarmOutput_events_to_skip_bitmap
Number of alarms to skip between successive

bitmap outputs. The default value is 0 (all
alarms are output to bitmaps).
The tail portion of the file name is a short code that describes the event that
generated the alarm. If more than one event generated the alarm in the frame, the
tail is a concatenation of all of the relevant event codes.
String
Alarm
3DPC
3-D People Counting
CAMMOVE
Camera Moved
CONG
Congestion
DIRMTN
Directional Motion
FACIAL
Facial Detection
INVBACK
Invalid Background
INVCAM
Invalid Camera
LEFTO
Object Left Behind
LOGIC
Logic (Boolean and Temporal Logic that caused the alarm)
LTR
Loitering
LURK
Object Lurking
OBJCL
OBJDTC
Object Detection
OMTF
OOF
Out of Focus
OSTP
Object Stops
OSTM
PC
People Counting
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String
Alarm
PTZTRK
PTZ Tracking
PVISIB
Poor Visibility
REMO
Object Removed
SVMD
Smart VMD
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23: Logfiles
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Chapter 24:
Calibration Filters
Filter
Relevant Events
Description
Use Unstable
Background Filter
Congestion
Used in outdoor scenes to filter out false objects caused by changes

in lighting.
Loitering
Object Detection
Object Left Behind
Object Removed
Background
Certainty
Congestion
Filters out false objects caused in areas of constant gradual change,

such as shadows.
Object Detection
Set in the AVAParams.txt file:
Object Left Behind
/AVAIflags_UseBackgroundCertainty
Object Removed
Object Stops
Object History
Object Left Behind
Filters out false objects caused by areas of change, usually because

of the sun coming out of the clouds.
Object Removed
/AVAI_filter_by_cd_hist
Object
Consistency
Object Detection
Ignores sporadic noisy objects. The object must appear in several

frames before an alarm is generated.
Object Type
Certainty
Object Detection
Discriminates between foreground and background objects, also

taking into account the saliency of the object.
Object Left Behind

Object Removed
Anti-Vibration
Object Detection
Ignores video vibrations caused by camera placement or weather.
Smart VMD
/AVAI_vibration_filter_background
Video Stabilizer
All
Stabilizes the video before processing.

/AVAIflags_FixVibrationsNoBackground
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24: Calibration Filters
Filter
Relevant Events
Description
Isolated Object
Object Left Behind
Ignores a crowd in intermittent busy scenes.

/AVAI_use_static_obj_isolation
ROI Mask
Most
Manually ignores irrelevant regions.
Constant Motion
Mask (CMM)
Object Left Behind
Automatically ignores irrelevant regions. Strongly recommended

to use the manual ROI mask whenever possible instead of CMM.
Object Removed
Smart VMD
Shape Properties
Loitering (limited)
Filters out objects by their shape properties.
Object Detection
Object Left Behind
(limited)
Object Removed (limited)
Smart VMD
Motion
Trajectories
Directional Motion
Filters out moving objects through a set of parameters such as

Motion Duration and Motion Minimum Distance.

Object Stops
Level of Motion
Directional Motion
Filters out moving objects by their size (or more accurately, by the
content features).

Object Stops
Frame Rate
Most
See relevant chapter for each event.
Background Map
People Counting
Discriminates between real objects and spots caused by dynamic

direct light in external windowed doors.
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Chapter 25:
IntelligentVideo FAQ
Background Learning
1.
What is the difference between the Initial Background Learning and

the Background Learning.
Initial Background Learning is the time required for learning the
background during the start-up stage. During the initial start-up stage
there is no valid background. The Background Learning is the time
required for updating the background. At this stage a valid background
already exists.
Diagnostic View
1.
What is the Diagnostic View?
Diagnostic View is video display on the video window which present

internal information of the algorithms for diagnostic. For each Event there is
a default Diagnostic View which can be viewed by setting the appropriate
menu command. The User can change the default Diagnostic View using the
Diagnostic Output Mode advanced parameter in the Video Channel
Configuration dialog.
Problematic Scenes
1.
What methods are there for dealing with problematic scenes?
There are various filters available for detailing with problems commonly found
in scenes. For more information, refer to Chapter 24: Calibration Filters on page
171.
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25: IntelligentVideo FAQ
Congestion
1.
Can I use the Congestion to count people (volumetric Counting)?

No, only to discriminate between few to many.
2.
Why do I need the Height parameter if I can play with the height of the
ROI?
Theoretically it is true. The Height defines the percentage of the height that
is covered by foreground objects. Practically, it is more convenient to have
this extra degree of freedom.
Directional Motion
1.
Why do I need Directional Motion? if there is a direction property

also in Object Detection and to some extent even in the Smart VMD?
The detection of the direction of motion in Directional Motion is much
more robust than the one used in Object Detection, and the context is
different. In Object Detection the direction can be used only for relatively
slow motion of isolated objects. Therefore it can work with the frame rate of
2. In Directional Motion , the detected motion can be faster (up to 180
pixels per second if we use 9 frames per second) and the objects are not
necessarily isolated.
In Smart VMD direction can be used by setting 2 ROIs and setting the
Sequential events parameter to define direction of motion. This
mechanism is limited only to sparse motion, and is meaningless if there is
constant change (motion) in both ROIs.
2.
Why can't I use Directional Motion on rectangular ROI instead of

Object Crosses a Region?
In many cases you can, but the Object Crosses a Region sets the
appropriate region for you.
3.
I tried to demo the Directional Motion and failed. What can be the
common reasons?
Several common reasons, by the order of significance. Maybe the default
value of the Sensitivity property (50) is too low. Try to change the value to
100. If it doesn't help, maybe the age of the trajectory (the time passed
174 revision 1
since the beginning of the relevant motion till its end) is too short. Try to
reduce the default value (1 second) of this parameter. If it doesn't help,
maybe the object moves too fast (the limit is 180 pixels per second). Try to
move the object slower and see if it helps. If you cannot control the speed of
the object, and the object is relatively big, you can use the parameters that
scale the frame size.
4.
Is the limit of 4 channels per 1-CPU machine can be circumvented?

Yes. First, it directly depends on the size of the ROI. The smaller the ROI is,
the more channels can be processed concurrently. Second, it depends on the
scene. The higher the level of change is, the slower is the computation.
Therefore, if the amount of motion is smaller, the throughput is higher.
Facial Detection
1.
Is it a Biometric engine?
No, it does not include the Recognition part. Facial Recognition system
usually composed of Facial Detection (detecting the location of face in the
frame) and Facial Recognition (extracting features out of the detected face
and comparing it to templates in data base. If a matching template exists, the
detected person is recognized).
2.
Can we use it with surveillance camera?

No. The current version is destined for dedicated camera located at entry
point. The distance between the eyes should be at least 30 pixels, both eyes
should be seen.
3.
What is the Motion filter parameter?

In order to accelerate the processing, only areas with change (motion) are
processed. This filter can be set to off, and then even areas with no motion
are processed.
4.
Is it for cooperative scenarios?

Not necessarily, since for camera located properly, most of the people are
captured properly. Ideal use, though, would be by granting access only after
detection, forcing the individual to be detected (and recorded).s
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5.
In cooperative situation, what is the expected time till detection.

1-2 seconds.
Loitering
1.
What is the minimal Loitering time to be detected?

30 seconds, and it's only the minimum. It depends on the frequency of object
detection during this time. In some cases it might take more time.

1.
I tried to demo the Object Crosses a Region and failed. What are the
typical reasons?
Similar to Directional Motion. In some sense, Object Crosses a Region is
even more sensitive since all the pre-condition should be satisfied at a
specific region, in contrary to Directional Motion where even if the
conditions were satisfied only in part of the scene the alarm is triggered.
2.
Can I use the Object Crosses a Region event to count vehicles?

Not directly, since you receive an alarm with the detection of a vehicle
crossing the region, but then another alarm is not generated for 8 seconds,
even if another vehicle is crossing the region. Please contact Lenel for more
information about using this event for counting.
Object Detection
1.
What can the Object Detection does that the Smart VMD cannot?
The Object Detection can detect objects by properties, filter out objects
which are not consistent and most prominent, can detect the objects even if
they are not moving. The Smart VMD extracts only objects that move.
176 revision 1
2.
What is the need in Object Consistency filter?
It is used in order to filter out false alarms of sporadic phantom objects. It is

relevant for small objects.
Object Left Behind

1.
Can I use Object Left Behind for suspicious objects in airport

terminal?
Practically no, since there are too many distractions.
2.
What is the minimal object size for Object Left Behind?

Theoretically 40 pixels. Practically for almost every reasonable situation
which is not demo scenario, this will be too small and generate false
alarms. It is highly recommended to use it only for significant objects like
vehicles or people, unless the background is very stable.
Object Removed
1.
Can the Object Removed be used for picture on the wall in museum?
We haven't tested it for this specific application, but basically yes.
2.
Can the Object Removed be used for articles in a warehouse?

Not recommended, unless the articles are distinct (and not in a pile).
People Counting
1.
What is the error rate of the People Counting?

+ or - 5%. The error rate is related to the number of incoming plus outgoing
people (flow of people).
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2.
Can it be used with any position of Camera?

Definitely not. Only overhead cameras where the image plane is parallel to
the floor (usually mounted to the ceiling). It requires an initial calibration,
which depends on the exact height and zoom of the camera. See the demo
files to get a sense of how it works.
3.
Can the People Counting engine be used to count vehicles.

We haven't tested it, but with initial calibration and a top camera (image
plane parallel to the floor) it should be even more accurate than counting
people.
4.
Can I use this event for counting people on a bus?

There are two problems with passenger counting in a bus.
a.
The ceiling height is very low, usually around 7 feet.
b.
The flow of people is very dense, and people are touching each other
constantly.
Please contact Lenel for more details.
Smart VMD
1.
Can the Smart VMD ignore heavy snow?

Yes, using the object properties. The only limitation is that the minimal size
of objects trigger an alarm should be greater than the perceived size (as they
look at the image) of the snow flakes.
Applications
1.
For protecting a perimeter, which events should I use?

Relevant Events are Smart VMD (especially in its new version, next
release, when it will detect objects by properties), Object Detection,
Object Crosses a Region and Directional Motion. It depends on the
exact needs.
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Smart VMD is the fastest, lightest and cheapest. It can detect any
motion, but it does not know the direction, and it cannot discriminate by
properties, objects which are small and moving slow. Its main
advantage, beside of being light and lean is the fact that it does not
require Background Learning and therefore it is less sensitive to lighting

conditions.
Object Crosses a Region does not depend on the Background either,

but its ability to analyze object properties is limited.
Object Detection is best in analyzing object properties but it depends

on Background Learning.
Directional Motion is similar to Object Crosses a Region. The only

difference that it can notify on Object moving in the required direction
inside a Region of Interest (and not crossing it).
Object
Properties
Direction
Static
Objects
Moving
Objects
Slow
Moving
Objects
Background
Learning
Foreground/
Background
Smart
VMD
Yes
Limited
No
Yes
No
No
Both
Object
Left
Behind
Size
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
Foreground
Object
Detection
Yes
Limited1
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Foreground
Object
Crosses a
Region
Size
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
Both
Directional
Motion
Size
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
Both
Object
Removed
Size
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
Background
Through the consistency Filter
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180 revision 1
Appendices
Appendix A:
Status Messages
This appendix contains a list of status messages that appear in IntelligentVideo
events.
Message
Description
Learning
Background
Background is being learned, engine is disabled during the initial learning period.
Background
Acquired
Background model has just been updated.
Auto Invalid
Camera
Camera became invalid during background event.
Learning CMM
CMM (Constant Motion Mask) is being learned.
CMM Acquired
CMM has just been updated.
Insufficient Frame
Rate
Current frame rate is not sufficient (too low). This message is available only for live video. It
is not displayed for recorded video even if the frame rate in the recorded video is insufficient,
since the video might be recorded in time-lapse mode. The frame rate for video can be traced
using the logfile.
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A: Status Messages
184 revision 1
Index
A
Advanced parameters definition .........................
Advanced properties definition...........................
Alerts...................................................................
Audio Level event...............................................
AVAParams.txt file ............................................
E
79
79
19
43
21
B
Background certainty ..........................................
Backgrounds
determine if a background is eligible...........
gradually but constantly changing ...............
model ...........................................................
model parameters.........................................
objects in......................................................
part is non-eligible .......................................
problem examples........................................
whole is non-eligible....................................
Basic parameters definition ................................
Basic properties definition ..................................
64
64
62
61
62
68
63
62
63
79
79
C
Calibrate
Minimum length of motion..........................
Object Consistency ......................................
Color
defining ........................................................
matching ......................................................
parameters....................................................
Configuration
optimal .........................................................
Configure
maximum object size ...................................
minimum object size....................................
perspective correction..................................
perspective correction for size .....................
video channel parameters ............................
Congestion video event.......................................
66
66
67
67
67
22
73
73
57
71
59
81
D
Database systems supported ............................... 22
Detailed scenes ................................................... 76
Diagnostics........................................................ 163
monitoring logfiles for overload................ 166
select required display ............................... 163
switch to diagnostic mode ......................... 163
Direction ............................................................. 69
Directional motion video event........................... 87
Distortion ............................................................ 69
Empty scenes ......................................................

Event Configuration/Search
dialog ...........................................................
open dialog ..................................................
procedures....................................................
Event properties ..................................................
External parameter file........................................
76
47
54
54
55
21
F
Facial detection video event ............................... 93
Filter types ........................................................ 166
Fixed vs. PTZ cameras........................................ 18
Foreground objects ............................................. 68
FPS...................................................................... 20
Frame rate parameter .......................................... 20
Frame size ........................................................... 22
I
Important terms................................................... 24
Installing IntelligentVideo software ................... 27
IntelligentAudio Events form ............................. 41
procedures.................................................... 44
IntelligentVideo
events ........................................................... 79
license .......................................................... 79
overlay ......................................................... 21
software installation..................................... 27
software upgrade.......................................... 29
IntelligentVideo events
congestion .................................................... 81
directional motion........................................ 87
facial detection............................................. 93
invalid camera.............................................. 97
loitering...................................................... 103
object crosses a region ............................... 107
object detection.......................................... 113
object left behind ....................................... 121
object lurking............................................. 127
object moves too fast ................................. 131
object removed .......................................... 135
object starts to move .................................. 139
object stops ................................................ 143
people counting.......................................... 147
smart video motion detection .................... 155
IntelligentVideo Events form
field table ..................................................... 35
procedures.................................................... 37
IntelligentVideo Server form .............................. 32
revision 1 185
Index
field table .....................................................

procedures....................................................
Invalid camera video event .................................
IV Overlay ..........................................................
IVS form .............................................................
32
33
97
21
32
L
Learning phase .................................................... 19
License for IntelligentVideo ............................... 79
Logfiles ............................................................. 165
location ...................................................... 165
message structure....................................... 165
monitoring for overload diagnostics.......... 166
Loitering video event ........................................ 103
M
Matching color .................................................... 67
Message structure ............................................. 165
Minimum length of motion
calibrate........................................................ 66
field definition ........................................... 115
Monitoring logfiles for overload diagnostics.... 166
Motion parameters .............................................. 74
detect out of home position ......................... 99

R
Recording
types.............................................................
Region of Interest
overview ......................................................
set.................................................................
Requirements for system ....................................
Resolution ...........................................................
19
19
56
21
22
S
Scenes ................................................................. 75
detailed......................................................... 76
empty ........................................................... 76
Select required diagnostic display .................... 163
Speed................................................................... 69
3-dimensional .............................................. 69
maximum 2-dimensional ............................. 70
object ........................................................... 70
Static cameras ..................................................... 18
Surveillance view................................................ 75
Switch to diagnostic mode................................ 163
System requirements........................................... 21
O
Object Consistency ............................................. 66
calibrate........................................................ 66
parameters.................................................... 66
Object crosses a region video event.................. 107
Object left behind video event .......................... 121
Object Lurking video event .............................. 127
Object moves too fast video event .................... 131
Object removed video event ............................. 135
Object starts to move video event..................... 139
Object stops video event ................................... 143
Objects
background .................................................. 68
foreground.................................................... 68
perspective distortion................................... 69
properties ..................................................... 68
Optimal configuration......................................... 22
P
Parameters
Object Consistency ...................................... 66
People counting video event ............................. 147
Perspective Correction
configure ...................................................... 57
Perspective Correction for Size .......................... 71
Problematic backgrounds.................................... 62
PTZ
cameras ........................................................ 18
186 revision 1
T
Terminology........................................................ 24
Time lapse recording .......................................... 19
U
Upgrading IntelligentVideo ................................ 29
V
Video Channel Configuration
configure parameters ................................... 60
dialog ........................................................... 59
open dialog .................................................. 58
procedures.................................................... 60
Video events
congestion .................................................... 81
directional motion........................................ 87
facial detection............................................. 93
loitering...................................................... 103
object crosses a region ............................... 107
object left behind ....................................... 121
object lurking............................................. 127
object moves too fast ................................. 131
object removed .......................................... 135
object starts to move .................................. 139
object stops ................................................ 143
people counting.......................................... 147
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Lenel Systems International, Inc.

1212 Pittsford-Victor Road
Pittsford, New York 14534 USA
Tel 585.248.9720 Fax 585.248.9185
www.lenel.com
docfeedback@lenel.com

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IntelligentVideo User Guide

Lenel OnGuard 2010 IntelligentVideo User Guide, product version 6.4