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[PDF]DNV-RP-B401: Cathodic Protection Design - DNV GL
https://rules.dnvgl.com/docs/pdf/DNV/codes/docs/2011.../RP-B401.pdf
by DETN VERITAS - ?2010 - ?Cited by 9 - ?Related articles
CATHODIC PROTECTION DESIGN .... NACE International . ...... to the 1993 edition
of DNV-RP-B401, design considerations for impressed current CP have.
Linear Anode Cathodic Protection Presentation at NACE UAE
www.matcor.com/linear-anode-cathodic-protection-presentation/
Matcor
Apr 27, 2015 - Explore flexible impressed current linear anode cathodic protecti
on ... the linear anodes are designed utilizing multiple internal connections, .
..
[PDF]RP0193-2001 - NACE International
https://www.nace.org/.../Corrosion.../RP019301%20f...
NACE International
This NACE Standard is being made available to you at no charge because it is ...
. Design Considerations for Impressed Current Cathodic Protection .
Cathodic - Migas-Indonesia.com
migas-indonesia.com/2012/06/cathodic.html
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Jun 13, 2012 - Methode CP biasanya ada 2, Sacrifial Anode dan Impressed Curent. .
.. Saya mhn pencerahan ttg penentuan penggunaan cathodic protection(CP) dalam ta
hap design. ... bagaimana cara kita mengetahui seberapa efektif CP itu nantinya
... NACE RP-016 Control of External Corrosion on Underground or ...
[PDF]Impressed Current Cathodic Protection - Digilib ITS - Institut ...
digilib.its.ac.id/.../ITS-paper-24484-4208100095-Pap...
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Contoh korosi yang umum terjadi adalah perkaratan logam besi. Keadaan saat ini y
ang ... utama pada perhitungan desain penggunaan Impressed. Current Cathodic ...
benar menurut Nace dan DnV RP B401 Cathodic. Protection Design ...
DESAIN SISTEM PROTEKSI KATODIK ARUS PAKSA (ICCP ...
www.academia.edu/.../DESAIN_SISTE...
Translate this pageAcademia.edu
DESAIN SISTEM PROTEKSI KATODIK ARUS PAKSA (ICCP) UNTUK PIPA AIR ... diaplikasika
n adalah metode arus paksa (impressed current cathodic protection). ... or Subme
rged Metallic Piping System, - NACE Standard RP-0572-2001 Design, ... untuk memp
ersingkat waktu pengukuran dengan cara yang lebih nyaman.
[PDF]cathodic protection of concrete bridges:a manual of practice
onlinepubs.trb.org/.../SHRP-S-372.pdf
Transportation Research Board
by JE Bennett - ?1993 - ?Cited by 13 - ?Related articles
Production Editor: Cara J. Tate. Program Area ..... systems is described in the
three major parts of this manual: "Design", "Construction", .... An impressed-cu
rrent cathodic protection system requires only these basic components: 1. ......
being finalized by a National Association of Corrosion Engineers (NACE) committ
ee. The.
Desain dan Pemilihan Deep Groundbed pada Sistem ...
www.corrosioncop.com/desain-dan-pemilihan-deep-g...
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Mar 10, 2015 - Pada system impressed current anode dikenal dengan naa groundbed.
... Cara untuk mengukur jarak remote yang kita tentukan berdasarkan rumus ... CP
1 Cathodic Protection Tester Course Manual , NACE International, ...
[PDF]analisis desain sacrificial anode cathodic - Fakultas Teknik ...
www.ftsl.itb.ac.id/.../15506038-Fajar_Alam_Hudi.pdf
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anode cathodic protection atau metode proteksi katodik dengan menggunakan anoda
korban. ... elektron dalam logam dengan cara bereaksi pada permukaan logam denga
n membentuk H2 ... Impressed Current ..... NACE International.

[PDF]ANALISIS SISTEM PROTEKSI KOROSI UNTUK PIPA ...
https://lppmunigresblog.files.wordpress.com/.../jurnal-...
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Kemudian diadakan penelitian dan perhitungan kembali desain yang terpasang adala
h: .... Gambar Sistim proteksi Impressed Current Cathodic Protection. 3. METODE
..... NACE RP-0169 (2002): National Association of Corrosion Engineers:.
[PDF]ANALISIS SISTEM PROTEKSI KOROSI UNTUK PIPA ...
https://lppmunigresblog.files.wordpress.com/.../jurnal-...
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Injeksi Arus DC (Impression Current Cathodic Protection). Potential. Anodi'c: Fe
... Sistem Injeksi Arus DC (System DC Impressed Current). Di dalam sistem .....
UPD-ST-P1-EL-BM-1008-01-0 Bill of Material Cathoa'ic Protection. Equipment.
[PDF]8 - LPPM UNIVERSITAS GRESIK
https://lppmunigresblog.files.wordpress.com/.../tugas-a...
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korosi untuk pipa Petroleum Gas material API-5L X52 ( 20 , Sch. 40,. 8560m) ... To n
ormalize cathodic protection system then it is advisable to remove the ...... UP
D-ST-P1-EL-BM-1008-01-0 Bill of Material Cathodic Protection. Equipment.
tugas-akhir-final - Scribd
https://id.scribd.com/doc/219801237/tugas-akhir-final
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Apr 23, 2014 - To normalize cathodic protection system then it is advisable to r
emove ...... 8560m) 69 UPD-ST-P1-EL-BM-1008-01-0 Bill of Material Cathodic ...
[PDF]API 651: Cathodic Protection of Aboveground Petroleum ...
https://law.resource.org/pub/us/cfr/ibr/002/api.651.1997.pdf
Sometimes a one-time extension of up to two years will be added to this review .
.. A catalog of API publications and materials is published annually and updated
... page of this document), American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L Street, N.W.,
... of cathodic protection systems for aboveground petroleum storage systems are
...
Missing: el ?bill
[PDF]PIPING DESIGN QUESTIONAIRE - PipingDesign.com
www.pipingdesign.com/piping_quiz.pdf
What is the ASME code followed for design of piping systems in Process .... clos
ed system when we use LP Steam up to 3.5 kg/sq cm. as a heating ... Ans: Bill of
Material, Pipe Routing wrt GAD, Supporting arrangement , details of .... flange
insulation associated with cathodic protection of underground piping ... EL +10
4280.
[PDF]07-R35 - Virginia Department of Transportation
www.virginiadot.org/.../07-r35.pd...
Virginia Department of Transportation
by SR SHARP - ?Related articles
Survey of Cathodic Protection Systems on Virginia Bridges. June 2007. 6. .... Br
oomfield (2007) reported that up to 10,000 m2 of reinforced concrete surface can
be protected by ..... Similar to the 13th View Street Bridge in Hampton Roads,
the CP .... The galvanic anode material used on this structure was marketed by t
he 3M.
Missing: bill
[PDF]Coatings for Corrosion Protection: Offshore Oil and Gas ...
digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1005&context...
by S PublicationsCInclude - ?2004
materials, compiled from the world's literature and critically evaluated. Develo
ped ..... Single Coat and Rapid Cure Tank Coating Systems: Improved ... Keywords
coatings; corrosion protection; offshore structures; pipelines; ship structures
..... 800 underwater facility inspections a year and up to 4000 topside and cat
hodic.
[PDF]JSP 317 Joint Service Safety Regulations for the ... - Gov.UK
https://www.gov.uk/.../system/.../20150105-JSP_317-5th-...United Kingdom
Jan 5, 2015 - JSP 317 Edition 5 (AL 3 Jan 15) ..... Material Handling Equipment
(MHE). This JSP no ...... The act of filling a car fuel tank up to the top of th
e ...... API 1632 Cathodic Protection of Underground Petroleum Storage Tanks and
Piping ...... DWS/P1/001 NATO/RAF Protected Bulk Fuel Installation Type Design.
4.
[PDF]A comparative study of Lithium Ion Batteries - University of ...
www-scf.usc.edu/~rzhao/LFP_study.pdf
University of Southern California
by M Oswal - ?2010 - ?Cited by 4 - ?Related articles
May 7, 2010 - of power, up to 3.3 kW/kg. ... Safety factor in Lithium Ion Phosph
ate Batteries: 5. 4. .... When phosphate is used as cathode material in a lithiu
m iron ... 5 )Wind energy storage and solar equipment. .... SEM photo of LiFePO4
powders (G.?. Wang et al. ..... Retrieved from http://www.a123systems.com/a123/
p1.
[PDF]Pipeline Integrity: Some Lessons Learnt - Penspen
www.penspen.com/wp-content/uploads/.../integrity-lessons-learnt.pdf
Mar 9, 2004 - Hopkins, P1 ... 1 Penspen Integrity, Hawthorn Suite, Units 7-8, St
Peter's Wharf, St Peter's Basin ... perform a 'baseline' assessment of pipeline
systems by specified dates, e.g. by intelligent pig .... The pipe coating is th
e primary protection, and cathodic protection .... $18 million clean up/damage b
ill, Figure 7.
Cathodic Protection (CP) - Marine CP Systems & Solutions?
Adwww.cathodicme.com/CathodicProtection?
Why Us? Come Find Out Here!
20 Years Experience ISO 9001:2008 Certified
Contact UsCathodic ProtectionAbout Us
Anti Corrosion Protection?
Adwww.zkwell.com.cn/?
Specialized in Corrosion Protection Online Corrosion Monitoring Systems
Cathodic Protection - Technique to control a corrosion?
Adwww.anugrahkita.co.id/?
We have experience handling problem
Contact Usproject referencesInformationProduct
1
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Cathodic Protection (CP) - Marine CP Systems & Solutions?
Adwww.cathodicme.com/CathodicProtection?
Why Us? Come Find Out Here!
ISO 9001:2008 Certified 20 Years Experience
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Search Results
[XLS]Cathodic Protection Calculations
www.nrcs.usda.gov/.../nrcs141p2...
Natural Resources Conservation Service
Cathodic Protection. A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I. 1, Cathodic Protection Calculati
ons ... 30, Reb, 700, ohm-cm, Resistivity of backfill material around pipe. 31.
[PDF]Cathodic Protection Design - Standard.no
www.standard.no/pagefiles/1186/m-503.pdf
by N STANDARD - ?Cited by 4 - ?Related articles

This Standard gives requirements for cathodic protection design of submerged ...
Specification and approval of welding procedures for metallic materials - Part
1,.
[PDF]DNV-RP-B401: Cathodic Protection Design - DNV GL
https://rules.dnvgl.com/docs/pdf/DNV/codes/docs/2011.../RP-B401.pdf
by DETN VERITAS - ?2010 - ?Cited by 9 - ?Related articles
CATHODIC PROTECTION DESIGN ... B) Materials Technology ..... Materials, Fabricat
ion of Anode Inserts and Casting of Anodes .....................................
..............26.
[PDF]Impressed Current Cathodic Protection - Bushman.cc
www.bushman.cc/pdf/impressed_current_system_design.pdf
by JB Bushman - ?Cited by 3 - ?Related articles
of materials, equipment, and/or operations detailed or referred to within this t
echnical paper. Users of this B&A technical .... Impressed Current Cathodic Prot
ection by James B. Bushman electrically continuous. .... Calculations.xls. Case
No.:.
[PPT]CATHODIC PROTECTION MATERIALS & ENGINEERING ...
www.nmta.net/downloads/6th%20Corrosion%20Happens.ppt
FUNDAMENTALS OF CORROSION CONTROL & CATHODIC PROTECTION. 3 ... Materials Selecti
on; Inhibitors/Altering the environment; Coatings; Cathodic ...
[PDF]Cathodic Protection of Storage Tank
uotechnology.edu.iq/dep-chem-eng/THESIS/HDepl_1/rana.pdf
by RM Hussain - ?2012
materials for the internal cathodic protection of tank bottom and one meter heig
ht of tank ... The results showed that the cathodic protection required 230 anod
e.
Cathodic protection - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathodic_protection
Wikipedia
Cathodic protection (CP) is a technique used to control the corrosion of a metal
... The galvanic anode continues to corrode, consuming the anode material until
...
[XLS]Click here: contact details for Procurement team - PetroSA
www.procurement.petrosa.com/Downloads/Documents/gscm-contacts.xls
23, Mossel Bay, Procurement & Material Management Manager, Andre, Snell .... 89,
JY*, 174, 11, CATHODIC PROTECTION, Berlinda Rakolota. 90, JZ*, 174 ...
[XLS]Procure
www-wds.worldbank.org/.../Egypt00Arab0Re0rement0plan0of0goods.x...
May 5, 2015 - 15, Lot (4) : Insulating Materials & Cathodic Protection, 0.231, F
eb-15, May-15, Jun-15, Jun-15, 0.231, UD$. 16, Lot (5) : API 5L Steel Pipes ...
Vendor Print Schedule List_ Cathodic Protection
https://www.scribd.com/.../Vendor-Print-Schedule-List-Cathodic-Protecti...
Jul 26, 2013 - download as XLS, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd. Flag for ..
. MATERIAL : Cathodic Protection for Jetty VENDOR NAME : PT SOUTHERN ...
Cathodic Protection - Technique to control a corrosion?
Adwww.anugrahkita.co.id/?
We have experience handling problem
Contact UsProductproject referencesInformation
1- anode to backfill resistanceRa/b /Ohm
0.29
2- Iterference factor between anodesF
1.38
3- Equivalent anode resistance
Ra0.07
4- Ground bed resistance i.e backfill versus soil, which is form normaRb
0.76
5- Equvelent anode ground bed resistanceRab
0.83
6- CP Cables resistanceRca
0
7- Total circuit resistance
R total/Ohm0.83
Cathodic Protection Co. Limited
Project Ref: 12/P16227
Venture Way, Grantham, Lincs, NG31 7XS, UK. Tel: +44 (0) 1476 590666 Fax: +44 (0
) 1476 570605
E-mail: cpc@cathodic.co.uk Website: www.cathodic.co.uk
Registered Office: Minalloy House, Regent Street, Sheffield S1 3NJ, UK Vat No. 1
16 8408 71
Registered in England No. 478098
CATHODIC PROTECTION
TETCO
GADARIF STRATEGIC DEPOT PROJECT
EXTERNAL TANK BASE SYSTEM
AND
INTERNAL TANK SYSTEMS
DETAILED DESIGN CALCULATIONS
Document Number: 16227-CP-03-DD
0 28/03/2012 Issued for client approval DM SF DM
Rev. Date Description Prepared Checked Approved
Gadarif Strategic Depot Project
No. ORIGINATOR CLIENTTETCO
Tank External Base and Internal Cathodic Protection
Detailed Design Calculations
Document Title Detailed Design Calculations Date 28/03/2012
Document No 16227-CP-03-DD Revision 0
CPCL Project No 12/P16227 Page 2 of 27
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION..................................................................
...................................................... 3
1.1 GENERAL ....................................................................
.............................................................. 3
1.2 REFERENCE DOCUMENTS ........................................................
............................................. 3
1.2.1 INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS ..................................................
...................... 3
2 CORROSION CONTROL METHODS
EXTERNAL CP ........................................
................. 4
2.1 GENERAL ....................................................................
.............................................................. 4
2.2 COATING SYSTEMS ............................................................
.................................................... 4
2.3 CATHODIC PROTECTION ........................................................
............................................... 4
2.3.1 DESIGN LIFE ..............................................................
....................................... 4
2.3.2 COATING BREAKDOWN AND DESIGN CURRENT DENSITIES ...................... 4
2.3.3 CURRENT DRAIN ............................................................
.................................. 5
2.3.4 CURRENT DEMAND ...........................................................
.............................. 5
2.3.5 CP PROTECTION POTENTIAL RANGES ...........................................
.............. 5
3 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS EXTERNAL CP ............................................
.......................... 6
3.1 DESIGN PARAMETERS ..........................................................

................................................. 6
3.2 CATHODIC PROTECTION PHILOSOPHY .............................................
.................................. 6
4 DESIGN CALCULATIONS
EXTERNAL CP ..............................................
............................ 8
4.1 CURRENT REQUIREMENTS .......................................................
............................................ 8
4.2 MMO ANODE RIBBON CALCULATIONS ..............................................
................................. 9
4.3 RIBBON ANODE BED RESISTANCE ................................................
.................................... 11
4.4 Ti CONDUCTOR BAR CALCULATIONS ..............................................
................................. 13
4.5 EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT RESISTANCE ..............................................
.................................... 14
4.5.1 GROUNDBED VOLT DROP CALCULATION ..........................................
......... 15
4.5.2 MMO RIBBON VOLT DROP .....................................................
....................... 15
4.5.3 CONDUCTOR BAR VOLT DROP ..................................................
.................. 16
4.5.1 CABLE VOLT DROP ..........................................................
.............................. 17
4.6 CALCULATION SUMMARY ........................................................
........................................... 18
EXTERNAL CP ..........................................
5 SUMMARY OF INSTALLATION
..................... 19
6 CORROSION CONTROL METHODS INTERNAL CP.........................................
................ 20
6.1 GENERAL ....................................................................
............................................................ 20
6.2 COATING SYSTEMS ............................................................
.................................................. 20
6.3 CATHODIC PROTECTION ........................................................
............................................. 20
6.3.1 DESIGN LIFE ..............................................................
..................................... 20
6.3.2 COATING BREAKDOWN AND DESIGN CURRENT DENSITIES .................... 20
6.3.3 CURRENT DRAIN ............................................................
................................ 21
6.3.4 CURRENT DEMAND ...........................................................
............................ 21
6.3.5 CP PROTECTION POTENTIAL RANGES ...........................................
............ 21
7 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS INTERNAL CP ............................................
......................... 22
7.1 DESIGN PARAMETERS ..........................................................
............................................... 22
7.2 CATHODIC PROTECTION PHILOSOPHY .............................................
................................ 22
8 DESIGN CALCULATIONS INTERNAL CP ..............................................
........................... 23
8.1 CALCULATION SUMMARY ........................................................
........................................... 23
8.2 CURRENT REQUIREMENTS .......................................................
.......................................... 24
8.3 NUMBER OF ANODES BY CURRENT OUTPUT .........................................
......................... 25
8.4 NUMBER OF ANODES BY WEIGHT .................................................
.................................... 26
INTERNAL CP ..........................................
....................... 27TETCO
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 GENERAL
This document is the design philosophy and detailed calculations that shall be a
dopted to
provide the permanent cathodic protection system installed to protect the new ta
nks at the
Gadarif Strategic Depot project.
The requirements in this document apply to permanent corrosion protection by imp
ressed
current cathodic protection to the external surfaces of the tank base and by sac
rificial anode
current cathodic protection to the internal surfaces of the tank.
1.2 REFERENCE DOCUMENTS
This section lists the codes, standards and project documents / drawings, which
are
applicable to the detailed design.
1.2.1 INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS
All CP equipment shall be designed, manufactured, tested and supplied in accorda
nce with
applicable codes of practice, British Standards, NACE and other applicable stand
ards listed
below:
Document Number Title
BS 7361:Part1 Cathodic Protection, Code of Practice for Land and Marine
Applications
NACE-RP-0193:1993 External Cathodic Protection of On-Grade Metallic Storage
Tank Bottom
Gadarif Strategic De
EDS-508 Revision A Cathodic Protection Specifications TETCO
pot Project
2 CORROSION CONTROL METHODS EXTERNAL CP
2.1 GENERAL
The corrosion protection system selected shall be based on a high integrity coat
ing system in
combination with a cathodic protection system.
2.2 COATING SYSTEMS
The tank base plates shall be coated in line with the project specification.
2.3 CATHODIC PROTECTION
The permanent CP system for the tank will be an impressed current cathodic prote
ction
(ICCP) system. The design criteria for the cathodic protection system are outlin
ed in the
sections below:
2.3.1 DESIGN LIFE
The design life shall be 25 years for permanent CP system.
2.3.2 COATING BREAKDOWN AND DESIGN CURRENT DENSITIES
The current density below is taken from CPCL experience and international specif
ications:
Structure Surface Minimum Current Density (mA/m2

)
Tank Bottom 20
For the protection of structure with elevated operating temperatures the minimum
design
current densities given above shall be increased by 25% per 10 C rise in temperat
ure above
30 C. All tanks will be at an operating temperature at 48 oC therefore, a design
current
density of 31.25 mA/m2
is considered suitable.
For the purposes of the design the coating breakdown has been assumed to be a ma
ximum
of 50 %:
Structure Surface Coating Breakdown (%)
Tank Bottom 50 TETCO
2.3.3 CURRENT DRAIN
The tank does not need to be electrically isolated from any foreign structures u
sing isolation
joints / flanges and polarisation cells as this is a close anode system. Where p
ossible the
tank should be electrically isolated from earthing / grounding systems and any r
e-bar used in
construction.
2.3.4 CURRENT DEMAND
The current demand for each tank is calculated based on the surface area and the
applicable
final current density for steel as given in section 2.3.2.
2.3.5 CP PROTECTION POTENTIAL RANGES
The effectiveness of the cathodic protection system should be determined by pote
ntial shift.
The following instant off or IR free potentials should apply in the case of all ta
nk bases.
The protection criteria for items in contact with soil are in line with internat
ional specifications
and in summary:
Steel in Soil -0.850 to -1.200 Volts with respect to a Cu/CuSO4 reference
electrode.
100 mV polarisation shift.
All above potentials are IR free or OFF potentials. TETCO
Gadarif Strategic Depot
Project
3 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS EXTERNAL CP
3.1 DESIGN PARAMETERS
Structure to be protected : Two Gas Oil Tanks
Two Gasoline Tanks
One Fire Water Tank
Diameter : 25 m
17.5 m
17.5 m
Coating : 50 % Coating Breakdown

Design Life : 25 Years
Permanent CP
Design Current Density : 31.25 mA/m
CP Protection Criteria, ECU : -0.85 V (IR Free)
Soil Resistivity : 100 Ohm.m
3.2 CATHODIC PROTECTION PHILOSOPHY
The cathodic protection system for all external surfaces will be based on an imp
ressed current
cathodic protection (ICCP) system and the design life for the permanent impresse
d current
system shall be 25 years.
All cable will be XLPE/PVC where running underground. Structure to cable connect
ions will be
by bolted connections. All junction boxes will be GRP and have a minimum of IP67
protection
and be ATEX certified for use in hazardous areas.
The permanent cathodic protection system for the tank base will be based by a clo
se anode
grid arrangement with a ribbon type anode. Temporary protection is not required
as the
permanent system can be energised upon completion of the tank. TETCO
Gadarif Str
ategic Depot Project
The tank will be electrically continuous from the remainder of any piping and ea
rthing but as this
is close anode system and there will be a containment layer
hence will not be affe
cted by any
current drains.
DC Power supply shall be transformer rectifiers to CPCL specifications. The curr
ent required is
less than 5 A for the 17.5 m tanks and 10 A for the 25 m tanks and it is recomme
nded that a 5 A
or 10 A CP station is installed for each tank.
Due to the high surface soil resistivity anticipated it is recommended that a gr
id type anode is
installed at a minimum depth of 300 mm and maximum depth of 550 mm below the tan
k base in
a mesh arrangement with MMO coated ribbon running in one direction and Titanium
conductor
bar in the other. The maximum current output of the anode is based upon a soil r
esistivity of up
to 100 Ohm.m which would be as anticipated in this method of installation and ba
ckfilling.
Impressed current anodes shall consist of a Mixed Metal Oxide (MMO) / Titanium r
ibbon anode
with Titanium conductor bar to carry the current and connected via cable and a j
unction box to
the transformer rectifier. The MMO ribbon is to be spot welded to the conductor
bar at each
intersection. Various power feed connectors are then connected to each of the co
nductor bars
and to a cable which exits the tank to the junction box.
The negative cable will be connected to tank via a junction box from the transfo
rmer rectifier unit
at two points 180o
from each other.
Permanent reference electrodes and slotted monitoring tube shall be installed un

der the tank to
allow effective monitoring.
TETCO
EXTERNAL CP
A grid of MMO / Ti ribbon and Ti conductor bar is the selected design for the in
stallation of an
anode below the bottom of the aboveground storage tank. The design of such a gri
d will be done
by taking a simplified approach, which is based on the diameter of the tank, dep
th from the
location of the anode bed, the ribbon anode width, and the cathodic protection c
urrent
requirement for the given environment. The equations derived enabled the determi
nation of the
length of anodes and the anode bed resistance.
4.1 CURRENT REQUIREMENTS
The current required for the external tank bases to be protected is shown below.
The external surface area of the structure is calculated using the following for
mula:
2
SA = ?.r
Where for Gas Oil in first column then Gasoline and Firewater in second column:
? = Pi 3.142 3.142
r = Radius 12.5 8.75 m
SA = Surface Area (m) 490.87 240.53 m
The total current required can then be calculated using the following:
Itot = (SA.J.Fc)
Where,
SA = Surface Area 490.87 240.53 m
J = Current Density 31.25 31.25 mA/m
Fc = Coating Breakdown Factor 50 50 %
Itot = Total Current 7.67 3.76 A TETCO Gadarif Strategic Depot Project
4.2 MMO ANODE RIBBON CALCULATIONS
The minimal total ribbon length, L, is determined by the current rating for the
size and type of
anode material selected:
a
tot
I
I
Lmin =
Where,
Itot = Total Current 7.67 3.76 A
Ia = Anode Current Output (A/linear m) 1 0.019 0.019 A
Lmin = Minimum Ribbon Length 410.0 201.0 m
The space between anodes should be adjusted to achieve uniform current distribut
ion under the
tanks. The MMO ribbon spacing is calculated by:
1
J
I
S
a
mmo
=
Where,
Ia = Anode Current Output (A/linear m) 12 12 mA
J1 = Applied Current Density 10 10 mA/m
S1 = MMO Ribbon Spacing 1.20 1.20 m
MMO spacing restricted to 1.2 m for correct spacing.
1
The ribbon anode output is considered to be a maximum of 3 A / m2
then for standard ribbon this is
equivalent to 0.035 A (35 mA) / linear m for a lifetime of 25 years and therefor
e any value lower is
acceptable.TETCO
The lengths of the MMO ribbon anodes are calculated below using the following fo
rmula:
Initial Spacing = 0.5 x (MMO ribbon spacing m)
Subsequent Spacing = initial spacing + (MMO ribbon spacing m)
.4 .( )
1 1 1 L = S d - S
Where,
S1 = 0.5 x MMO Ribbon Spacing 0.6 0.6 m
D = Diameter of Tank 25 17.5 m
L1 = MMO Ribbon Length 7.65 6.39 m
The length of cord in each row is calculated from the above equation.
Row
Number
Spacing Length Spacing Length
(m) (m) (m) (m)
1 0.60 7.62 0.58 6.28
2 1.79 12.88 1.75 10.50
3 2.98 16.19 2.92 13.04
4 4.17 18.63 4.08 14.80
5 5.36 20.52 5.25 16.04
6 6.55 21.98 6.42 16.87
7 7.74 23.11 7.58 17.34
8 8.93 23.96 8.75 17.50
9 10.12 24.54 9.92 17.34
10 11.31 24.89 11.08 16.87
11 12.50 25.00 12.25 16.04
12 13.69 24.89 13.42 14.80
13 14.88 24.54 14.58 13.04
14 16.07 23.96 15.75 10.50
15 17.26 23.11 16.92 6.28
16 18.45 21.98
17 19.64 20.52
18 20.83 18.63
19 22.02 16.19
20 23.21 12.88
21 24.40 7.62
Total 413.65 207.26TETCO

4.3 RIBBON ANODE BED RESISTANCE
The total resistance between the tank bottom and the bed of grid ribbon anodes w
ithout taking
into account the mutual interference between the anodes is:
)2
4
(ln
2
2
= hw
L
L
R
p
?
Where
? = Soil Resistivity 100 100 Ohm.m
L = Length of Anode 7.62 6.28 m
h = Distance between Anode and Tank 0.5 0.5 m
w = Ribbon Anode Equivalent Diameter 0.005 0.005 m
R = Resistance 20.78 24.23 Ohm
The resistance of each cord is calculated from the above equation and the total
resistance
calculated by summing the resistance of each cord. Thus the total anode resistan
ce is
calculated:
TETCO Gadarif Strategic Depot Project
Row
Number
Spacing
(m)
Resistance
(ohm)
Spacing
(m)
Resistance
(ohm)
1 0.60 20.78 0.58 24.23
2 1.79 13.59 1.75 16.05
3 2.98 11.26 2.92 13.45
4 4.17 10.03 4.08 12.13
5 5.36 9.26 5.25 11.35
6 6.55 8.74 6.42 10.89
7 7.74 8.38 7.58 10.64
8 8.93 8.13 8.75 10.56
9 10.12 7.97 9.92 10.64
10 11.31 7.88 11.08 10.89
11 12.50 7.85 12.25 11.35
12
13
14
15
16
13.69
14.88
16.07
17.26
18.45
7.88
7.97
8.13
8.38
8.74
13.42
14.58
15.75
16.92
12.13
13.45
16.05
24.23
17 19.64 9.26
18 20.83 10.03
19 22.02 11.26
20 23.21 13.59
21 24.40 20.78
Total (Ohm) 0.458 0.860 TETCO
4.4 Ti CONDUCTOR BAR CALCULATIONS
The total length of titanium conductor bar is based upon an assumption that cond
uctor bar
separation should not exceed 4.0 m.
The lengths of the individual Ti Conductor bar chords are calculated as below us
ing the following
formula:
Initial Spacing = 0.5 x (Conductor bar spacing m)
Subsequent Spacing = initial spacing + (Conductor bar spacing m)
.4 .( )
2 2 2 L = S d - S
Where,
S2 = 0.5 x Conductor Bar Spacing 1.75 1.75 m
d = Diameter of Tank 25 17.5 m
L2 = Initial Conductor Bar Length 12.88 10.5 m
The length of cord in each row is calculated from the above equation.
Row Number Spacing (m) Length (m) Spacing (m) Length (m)
1 1.79 12.88 1.75 10.5
2 5.36 20.52 5.25 16.04
3 8.93 23.96 8.75 17.5
4 12.50 25 12.25 16.04
5 16.07 23.96 15.75 10.5
6 19.64 20.52
7 23.21 12.88
Total (m) 86.6 70.6 TETCO Gadarif Strategic Depot Project
4.5 EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT RESISTANCE
This section proves through calculation that there is sufficient driving voltage
in the CP circuit
to enable the system to operate at its design current after the groundbed voltag
e, cable volt
drops and other losses have been taken into consideration.
The total system volt drop is the sum of the following components:
Groundbed volt drop
MMO Ribbon volt drop

Conductor bar volt drop
Cable volt drop
Back EMF and other losses
For the CP to be effective this total must be equal to or less than the voltage
of the
Transformer Rectifier.
This can be expressed in the following formula:
V vd +V vd +V vd +V vd +Vlosses?
? =VTR ?
?
?
?
( )1 ( )2 ( )3 ( )4
Where,
V(vd1) = Groundbed Volt Drop 4.6 4.3 V
V(vd2) = MMO Ribbon Volt Drop 0.005 0.005 V
V(vd3) = Conductor Bar Volt Drop 0.192 0.092 V
V(vd4) = Cable Volt Drop 5.45 2.73 V
Vlosses = Back EMF and Structure Losses 4.0 4.0 V
VTotal = Total Voltage 14.23 11.13 V
VTR = Transformer Rectifier Voltage 24 24 V
See below for calculations of each component TETCO
Gadarif Strategic Depot Proje
ct
4.5.1 GROUNDBED VOLT DROP CALCULATION
The groundbed volt drop is a combination of the following components:
Groundbed to earth resistance
Groundbed current
This can be expressed in the following formula:
V(vd )1 = RGB.Itot
Where,
RGB = Groundbed Resistance to Earth 0.458 0.860 Ohm
Itot = Total Current 10 5 A
V(vd1) = Groundbed Volt Drop 4.6 4.3 V
4.5.2 MMO RIBBON VOLT DROP
The MMO ribbon volt drop is calculated using the following formula:
V (vd )2 = I.R.L
Where,
I = MMO Ribbon Load / m 0.021 0.02 A
R = Resistance of MMO Ribbon2
0.138 0.138 Ohm/m
L = Length of MMO Ribbon 1.79 1.75 m
Where the load is the current required for half the distance between two conduct
or bars.
/ /( .5.0 )
1 2
I I L S = tot
Where,
L1 = Total Length of MMO Ribbon 413.65 207.26 m
S2 = Spacing of Conductor Bar 3.5 3.5 m
I = MMO Ribbon Load / m 0.014 0.014 A
2
Data from MMO anode manufacture TETCO

4.5.3 CONDUCTOR BAR VOLT DROP
The Conductor Bar volt drop is calculated using the following formula:
V (vd )3 = I.R.L
Where,
I = Load 0.223 0.152 A
R = Resistance of Conductor Bar3
0.069 0.069 Ohm/m
L = Length of Conductor Bar 12.50 9.75 m
Where the load is the current required for half the length of the longest conduc
tor bar (worst
case).
/ /( .5.0 ) L2 L3
I I = tot
Where,
L2 = Total Length of conductor Bar 139.7 70.6 m
L3 = Length of Longest conductor Bar 25 17.5 m
I = Conductor Bar Load / m 0.006 0.008 A
3
Data from conductor bar manufacture TETCO
4.5.1 CABLE VOLT DROP
Cable volt drops are calculated using the following formula:
V(vd )4 =V1 +V2 +V3 +V4
Where,
V1 = Main Positive Cable Volt Drop 1.05 V
V2 = Main Negative Cable Volt Drop 1.05 V
V3 = Powerfeed Cable Volt Drop 2.3 V
V4 = Negative Cable Volt Drop 1.05 V
V(vd4) = Cable Volt Drop 5.45 V
Individual cable volt drops are calculated using the following formula:
( ) vd cab cab cab V = R /1000 .L .I
Where,
RCab = Resistance of Cable4
0.524 0.524 Ohm/km
Lcab = Length of Cable 200 200 m
Icab = Current in Cable 10 5 A
Vvd = Cable Volt Drop 1.1 0.524 V
The volt drop of each cable is calculated from the above equation.
RCab Lcab Icab Vvd
V1 0.524 100 10 1.05
V2 0.524 100 10 1.05
V3 1.15 100 10 2.3
V4 0.524 100 10 1.05
4
From cable manufacturersTETCO

4.6 CALCULATION SUMMARY
Parameter 25 m 17.5 m Unit
SA = Surface Area (m) 490.87 240.53 m
Lmin = Minimum Ribbon Length 414 208 m
L1 = Actual Ribbon Length 414 208 m
S1 = MMO Ribbon Spacing 1.2 1.2 m
L2 = Conductor Bar Length 139.7 70.6 m
S2 = Conductor Bar Spacing 3.6 3.5 m
VTotal = Total Voltage Drop 15 12 V
VTR = Transformer Rectifier Voltage 24 24 V
TETCO
EXTERNAL CP
In summary the CP system and groundbed will be sized as follows:
Item 25 m 17.5 m
Permanent CP Station 2 3
Transformer Rectifier Voltage 24 V 24 V
Transformer Rectifier Current 10 A 5 A
MMO Ribbon Length 414 m 208 m
Powerfeed Number 7 5
Powerfeed Cable Size 16 mm2
16 mm2
Powerfeed Cable Length 150 m 100 m
Feeder Cable Size 35 mm2
35 mm2
Total Feeder Length (including 20 %
spare for routing) 200 200
Number of Reference Electrodes 5 5
6 CORROSION CONTROL METHODS
INTERNAL CP
6.1 GENERAL
The corrosion protection system selected shall be based on a high integrity coat
ing system in
combination with a cathodic protection system.
6.2 COATING SYSTEMS
The tank shall be coated internally in line with project specifications.
6.3 CATHODIC PROTECTION
The permanent CP system for the tanks will be a sacrificial anode cathodic prote
ction (SACP)
system. The design criteria for the cathodic protection system are outlined in t
he sections
below:
6.3.1 DESIGN LIFE
The design life shall be 25 years for sacrificial anodes.
6.3.2 COATING BREAKDOWN AND DESIGN CURRENT DENSITIES
The current density below is taken from CPCL experience and international specif
ications:
Structure Surface Minimum Current Density (mA/m2
)
Tank Internals 100
For the protection of structure with elevated operating temperatures the minimum
design
current densities given above shall be increased by 25% per 10 C rise in temperat
ure above
30 C.
All tanks will be at an operating temperature at 48 oC therefore, a design curre
nt density of
156.25 mA/m2
is considered suitable.
The current density below is taken from Project Document:
Structure Surface Coating Breakdown (%)
Gasoline / Gas Oil 5
Firewater 10
TETCO
6.3.3 CURRENT DRAIN
The tanks do not need to be electrically isolated from any foreign structures us
ing isolation
joints / flanges and polarisation cells as this is an internal system. Where pos
sible the tank
should be electrically isolated from earthing / grounding systems and any re-bar
used in
construction.
6.3.4 CURRENT DEMAND
The current demand for each tank is calculated based on the surface area and the
applicable
final current density for steel as given in section 6.3.2.
6.3.5 CP PROTECTION POTENTIAL RANGES
The effectiveness of the cathodic protection systems should be determined by pot
ential shift.
The following instant off or IR free potentials should apply in the case of all ta
nk bases.
The protection criteria for items in contact with soil are in line with internat
ional specifications
and in summary:
Steel in Water -0.800 to -1.050 Volts with respect to a Ag/AgCl reference
electrode.
100 mV polarisation shift.
All above potentials are IR free or OFF potentials. TETCO
Gadarif Strategic Depot
Project
7 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS INTERNAL CP
7.1 DESIGN PARAMETERS
Structure to be protected and
Diameter / Height considered for CP
: Gas Oil: 25 m / 1 m
Gasoline: 17.5 m / 1 m
Firewater: 17.5 m / 12.5 m

Coating : 10 % Coating Breakdown Factor
5 % for Firewater only
Design Life : 25 Years
Permanent CP
Current Density : 156.25 mA/m at 30 oC
CP Protection Criteria, Eag : -0.80 V (IR Free)
Water Resistivity : 200 Ohm.cm or less
7.2 CATHODIC PROTECTION PHILOSOPHY
The cathodic protection system for the internal surfaces will be based on a sacr
ificial anode
cathodic protection (SACP) system and the minimum design life for the permanent
system shall
be 25 years.
The permanent cathodic protection system for the internal of the tanks will be b
ased on
aluminium sacrificial anodes which shall be bolted to welded support brackets in
stalled at
various locations around the base of each tank.
Temporary protection is not required as the permanent system can be energised up
on
completion of the tank.
INTERNAL CP
The design of the system is based on the diameter and height of the tank bottom,
anode size
and weight, and the cathodic protection current requirement for the given enviro
nment. The
equations derived enabled the determination of the number of anodes and the anod
e
resistances.
8.1 CALCULATION SUMMARY
The table below is an executive summary of the calculations in this section:
Tank Gas Oil Gasoline Firewater Unit
SA = Surface Area (m) 570 296 928 m
If = Current 8.90 4.62 7.25 A
Ia = Individual Anode Current 0.25 0.25 0.25 A
An1 = Anode Number for Current 36 19 29 No
Ma = Individual Anode Mass 25.2 25.2 25.2 kg
An2 = Anode Number for Mass 37 19 30 No
At = Anode Number Required 40 24 34 No
8.2 CURRENT REQUIREMENTS
The current required for the internal tank surface to be protected is shown belo
w:
The internal surface area of the structure (GAS OIL TANK ONLY) is calculated usi
ng the
following formula:
SA .r .d.h
2
=p +p
Where for tank,

p = Pi 3.142
R = Radius 12.5 m
D = Diameter 25.0 m
H = Height 1.0 m
SA = Surface Area (m) 569.41 m
The current required for GAS OIL TANK can then be calculated using the following
:
If = (SA.J.Fc)
Where for tank,
SA Surface Area 596.41 m
J Current Density 156.25 mA
Fc Coating Breakdown Factor 10 %
If = Final Current 8.90 A TETCO
8.3 NUMBER OF ANODES BY CURRENT OUTPUT
The anode resistance is calculated using the following equation:
Where,
? = Water Resistivity 2 Ohm.m
lf = Final Anode Length (90%) 112.5 cm
rf = Final Effective Anode Radius (50%) 49.2 cm
Rf = Final Anode Resistance to Earth 1.19 Ohm
Then, the maximum current output per anodes is calculated using Ohm s Law:
f
a
R
V
I =
Where,
V = Anode Driving Potential5
0.30 V
Rf = Final Anode Resistance to Earth 1.19 Ohm
Ia = Individual Anode Current 0.25 A
The minimum number of anodes is calculated from the total current required divid
ed by the
maximum current output for each individual anode.
a
f
n
I
I
A 1 =
Where for tank,
If = Final Current 8.90 A
Ia = Individual Anode Current 0.25 A
An1 = Anode Number (Current) 36 No.
5
Anode Driving Potential is the potentials difference between the protected poten
tial and the open circuit anode
potential
)1
4
(ln
2
= -
f
f
f
f
r
l
l
R
p
?TETCO
8.4 NUMBER OF ANODES BY WEIGHT
The total anode weight is calculated using the following equation:
Z UF
I t
M m
t
.
.. 8760
=
Where for the tank,
Im = Current 8.90 A
t = Design Life 25 Years
Z = Alloy Anode Amp/Hour Capacity 2500 A.hours/kg
UF = Utilisation Factor 85 %
Mt = Total Anode Mass 917.6 kg
Finally, the minimum number of anodes is calculated from the total mass required
divided by
the mass of each individual anode.
a
t
n
M
M
A 2 =
Where for tank,
Mt = Total Anode Mass 917.6 kg
Ma = Individual Anode Mass 25.2 kg
An2 = AADOBE
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nload and installation to your Computer and let Adobe know the Software is succe
ssfully installed. For Reader, Updates may be automatically downloaded but not i
nstalled without additional notice unless you change your preferences to accept
automatic installation. Only non-personally identifying information is transmitt
ed to Adobe when this happens, except to the extent that IP Addresses may be con
sidered personally identifiable in some jurisdictions. The use of such informati
on, including your IP Address, as provided by the auto update process is governe
d by the Adobe Online Privacy Policy. Please consult the Documentation for infor
mation about changing default update settings at http://www.adobe.com/go/setting
smanager for Flash Player, http://www.adobe.com/go/update_details_url (or succes
sor website) for Reader, and http://www.adobe.com/go/air_update_details for Adob
e AIR.
7.3 Local Storage. Flash Player and Adobe AIR may allow third parties to store c
ertain information on your Computer in a local data file known as a local shared
object. The type and amount of information that the third party application req
uests to be stored in a local shared object can vary by application and such req
uests are controlled by the third party. To find more information on local share
d objects and learn how to limit or control the storage of local shared objects
on your Computer, please visit http://www.adobe.com/go/flashplayer_security.
7.4 Settings Manager. Flash Player and third-party programs using Adobe AIR may
save certain user settings by storing them on your Computer as a local shared ob
ject. These settings do not contain personally identifiable information associat
ed with you. They are associated with the instance of Flash Player or the thirdparty program using Adobe AIR on your Computer, allowing you to customize runtim
e features. The Flash Player Settings Manager permits you to modify such setting
s, including the ability to limit third parties from storing local shared object
s or grant third party content the right to access your computer s microphone and
camera. You can find more information on how to configure settings in your versi
on of Flash Player, including information on how to disable local shared objects
using the Flash Player Settings Manager, at http://www.adobe.com/go/settingsman
ager. You can remove equivalent settings for third-party programs using Adobe AI
R by uninstalling the third-party program.
7.5 Peer Assisted Networking Technology. Adobe Flash Player and Adobe AIR runtim
es provide the ability for applications built by third parties to connect to an
Adobe Server or Service and permit direct communication between two Adobe Runtim
e clients or to connect an Adobe Runtime client as part of a peer or distributed
network that allows a portion of your resources, such as network bandwidth, to
be made directly available to other participants. Prior to joining such peer or
distributed network, you will be provided with the opportunity to accept such co
nnectivity. You can manage Peer Assisted Networking settings using the Flash Pla
yer Settings Manager. Learn more about using the Settings Manager at http://www.
adobe.com/go/settingsmanager. You can find more information on Peer Assisted Net
working at http://www.adobe.com/go/RTMFP.
7.6 Content Protection Technology. If you Use the Adobe Runtimes to access conte
nt that has been protected with Adobe Flash Media Rights Management Server or Fl
ash Access software ( Content Protection ), in order to let you play the protected c
ontent, the Software may automatically request media usage rights and individual
ization from a server on the Internet, and may download and install required com
ponents of the Software, including any available Content Protection Updates. You
can clear the content license information using the Flash Player Settings Manag
er. Learn more about using the Settings Manager at http://www.adobe.com/go/setti
ngsmanager. You can find more information on Content Protection at http://www.ad
obe.com/go/protected_content.
7.7 Use of Adobe Online Services. If your Computer is connected to the Internet,
the Software may, without additional notice and on an intermittent or regular b
asis, facilitate your access to content and services that are hosted on websites
maintained by Adobe or its affiliates ( Adobe Online Services ). Examples of such A
dobe Online Services might include, but are not limited to: Acrobat.com. In some
cases an Adobe Online Service might appear as a feature or extension within the
Software even though it is hosted on a website. In some cases, access to an Ado
be Online Service might require a separate subscription or other fee in order to
access it, and/or your assent to additional terms of use. Adobe Online Services
might not be available in all languages or to residents of all countries and Ad
obe may, at any time and for any reason, modify or discontinue the availability
of any Adobe Online Service. Adobe also reserves the right to begin charging a f
ee for access to or use of an Adobe Online Service that was previously offered a
t no charge. If your Computer is connected to the Internet, the Software may, wi
thout additional notice, update downloadable materials from these Adobe Online S
ervices so as to provide immediate availability of these Adobe Online Services e
ven when you are offline. When the Software connects to the Internet as a functi
on of an Adobe Online Service, your IP Address, user name, and password may be s
ent to Adobe s servers and stored by Adobe in accordance with the Additional Terms
of Use or the help menu in the Software. This information may be used by Adobe to
send you transactional messages to facilitate the Adobe Online Service. Adobe m
ay display in-product marketing to provide information about the Software and ot
her Adobe products and Services, including but not limited to Adobe Online Servi
ces, based on certain Software specific features including but not limited to, t
he version of the Software, including without limitation, platform version, vers
ion of the Software, and language. For further information about in-product mark
eting, please see the help menu in the Software. Whenever the Software makes an In
ternet connection and communicates with an Adobe website, whether automatically
or due to explicit user request, the Adobe Online Privacy Policy shall apply. Ad
ditionally, unless you are provided with separate terms of use at that time, the
Adobe.com Terms of Use (http://www.adobe.com/go/terms) shall apply. Please note
that the Adobe Privacy Policy allows tracking of website visits and it addresse
s in detail the topic of tracking and use of cookies, web beacons, and similar d
evices.
8. Third Party Offerings. You acknowledge and agree to the following:
8.1 Third Party Offerings. The Software may allow you to access and interoperate
with third party content, software applications, and data services, including r
ich Internet applications ( Third Party Offerings ). Your access to and use of any T
hird Party Offering, including any goods, services, or information, is governed
by the terms and conditions respecting such offerings and copyright laws of the
United States and other countries. Third Party Offerings are not owned or provid
ed by Adobe. You agree that you will not use any of such Third Party Offerings i
n violation of copyright laws of the United States or other countries.Adobe or t
he third party may at any time, for any reason, modify or discontinue the availa
bility of any Third Party Offerings. Adobe does not control, endorse, or accept
responsibility for Third Party Offerings. Any dealings between you and any third
party in connection with a Third Party Offerings, including such party s privacy
policies and use of your personal information, delivery of and payment for goods
and services, and any other terms, conditions, warranties, or representations a
ssociated with such dealings, are solely between you and such third party. Third
Party Offerings might not be available in all languages or to residents of all
countries and Adobe or the third party may, at any time and for any reason, modi
fy or discontinue the availability of any Third Party Offerings.
8.2 EXCEPT AS EXPRESSLY AGREED BY ADOBE OR ITS AFFILIATES OR A THIRD PARTY IN A
SEPARATE AGREEMENT, YOUR USE OF ADOBE AND THIRD PARTY OFFERINGS IS AT YOUR OWN R
ISK UNDER THE WARRANTY AND LIABILITY LIMITATIONS OF SECTIONS 1.1 AND 10.
9. Digital Certificates. You acknowledge and agree to the following:
9.1 Use. Adobe AIR uses digital certificates to help you identify the publisher
of Adobe AIR applications created by third parties. Additionally, Adobe AIR uses
digital certificates to establish the identity of servers accessed via the Tran
sport Layer Security (TLS) protocol, including access via HTTPS. Adobe Reader us
es digital certificates to sign and validate signatures within PDF documents and
to validate certified PDF documents. Adobe Runtimes use digital certificates to
secure protected content from unauthorized usage. Your Computer may connect to
the Internet at the time of validation of a digital certificate in order to down
load current certificate revocation lists (CRLs) or to update the list of digita
l certificates. This access may be made both by the Software and by applications
based on the Software. Digital certificates are issued by third party certifica
te authorities, including Adobe Certified Document Services (CDS) vendors listed
at http://www.adobe.com/go/partners_cds and Adobe Approved Trust List (AATL) ve
ndors listed at http://www.adobe.com/go/aatl, and individualization vendors foun
d at http://www.adobe.com/go/protected_content (collectively Certification Author
ities ), or can be self-signed.
9.2 Terms and Conditions. Purchase, use and reliance upon digital certificates a
re the responsibility of you and a Certification Authority. Before you rely upon
any certified document, digital signature, or Certification Authority services,
you should review the applicable terms and conditions under which the relevant
Certification Authority provides services, including, for example, any subscribe
r agreements, relying party agreements, certificate policies, and practice state
ments. See the links on http://www.adobe.com/go/partners_cds for information abo
ut Adobe s CDS vendors and http://www.adobe.com/go/aatl for information about Adob
e s AATL vendors.
9.3 Acknowledgement. You agree that (a) a digital certificate may have been revo
ked prior to the time of verification, making the digital signature or certifica
te appear valid when in fact it is not, (b) the security or integrity of a digit
al certificate may be compromised due to an act or omission by the signer of the
document, the applicable Certification Authority, or any other third party, and
(c) a certificate may be a self-signed certificate not provided by a Certificat
ion Authority. YOU ARE SOLELY RESPONSIBLE FOR DECIDING WHETHER OR NOT TO RELY ON
A CERTIFICATE. UNLESS A SEPARATE WRITTEN WARRANTY IS PROVIDED TO YOU BY A CERTI
FICATION AUTHORITY, YOU USE DIGITAL CERTIFICATES AT YOUR SOLE RISK.
9.4 Third Party Beneficiaries. You agree that any Certification Authority you re
ly upon is a third party beneficiary of this agreement and shall have the right
to enforce this agreement in its own name as if it were Adobe.
9.5 Indemnity. You agree to hold Adobe and any applicable Certification Authorit
y (except as expressly provided in its terms and conditions) harmless from any a
nd all liabilities, losses, actions, damages, or claims (including all reasonabl
e expenses, costs, and attorneys fees) arising out of or relating to any use of,
or reliance on, by you or any third party that receives a document from you wit
h a digital certificate, any service of such authority, including, without limit
ation (a) reliance on an expired or revoked certificate, (b) improper verificati
on of a certificate, (c) use of a certificate other than as permitted by any app
licable terms and conditions, this agreement, or applicable law; (d) failure to
exercise reasonable judgment under the circumstances in relying on issuer servic
es or certificates, or (e) failure to perform any of the obligations as required
in the terms and conditions related to the services.
10. Limitation of Liability.
IN NO EVENT WILL ADOBE, ITS SUPPLIERS, OR CERTIFICATION AUTHORITIES BE LIABLE TO
YOU FOR ANY DAMAGES, CLAIMS OR COSTS WHATSOEVER INCLUDING ANY CONSEQUENTIAL, IN
DIRECT, INCIDENTAL DAMAGES, OR ANY LOST PROFITS OR LOST SAVINGS, EVEN IF AN ADOB
E REPRESENTATIVE HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH LOSS, DAMAGES, OR C
LAIMS. THE FOREGOING LIMITATIONS AND EXCLUSIONS APPLY TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY
APPLICABLE LAW IN YOUR JURISDICTION. ADOBE S AGGREGATE LIABILITY AND THAT OF ITS
SUPPLIERS AND CERTIFICATION AUTHORITIES UNDER OR IN CONNECTION WITH THIS AGREEME
NT SHALL BE LIMITED TO THE AMOUNT PAID FOR THE SOFTWARE, IF ANY. Nothing contain
ed in this agreement limits Adobe s liability to you in the event of death or pers
onal injury resulting from Adobe s negligence or for the tort of deceit (fraud). A
dobe is acting on behalf of its suppliers and Certification Authorities for the
purpose of disclaiming, excluding, and/or limiting obligations, warranties, and
liability as provided in this agreement, but in no other respects and for no oth
er purpose. For further information, please see the jurisdiction specific inform
ation at the end of this agreement, if any, or contact Adobe s Customer Support De
partment.
11. Export Rules.
You agree that the Software will not be shipped, transferred, or exported into a
ny country or used in any manner prohibited by the United States Export Administ
ration Act or any other export laws, restrictions, or regulations (collectively

the Export Laws ). In addition, if the Software is identified as export controlled
items under the Export Laws, you represent and warrant that you are not a citize
n, or otherwise located within, an embargoed nation (including without limitatio
n Iran, Syria, Sudan, Cuba, and North Korea) and that you are not otherwise proh
ibited under the Export Laws from receiving the Software. All rights to Use the
Software are granted on condition that such rights are forfeited if you fail to
comply with the terms of this agreement.
12. Governing Law.
If you are a consumer who uses the Software for only personal non-business purpo
ses, then this agreement will be governed by the laws of the state in which you
purchased the license to use the Software. If you are not such a consumer, this
agreement will be governed by and construed in accordance with the substantive l
aws in force in: (a) the State of California, if a license to the Software is ob
tained when you are in the United States, Canada, or Mexico; or (b) Japan, if a
license to the Software is obtained when you are in Japan; or (c) Singapore, if
a license to the Software is obtained when you are in a member state of the Asso
ciation of Southeast Asian Nations, the People s Republic of China (including Hong
Kong S.A.R. and Macau S.A.R.), Taiwan, or the Republic of Korea; or (d) England
, if a license to the Software is obtained when you are in any jurisdiction not
described above. The respective courts of Santa Clara County, California when Ca
lifornia law applies, Tokyo District Court in Japan, when Japanese law applies,
and the competent courts of London, England, when the law of England applies, sh
all each have non-exclusive jurisdiction over all disputes relating to this agre
ement. When Singapore law applies, any dispute arising out of or in connection w
ith this agreement, including any question regarding its existence, validity, or
termination, shall be referred to and finally resolved by arbitration in Singap
ore in accordance with the Arbitration Rules of the Singapore International Arbi
tration Centre ( SIAC ) for the time being in force, which rules are deemed to be in
corporated by reference in this section. There shall be one arbitrator, selected
jointly by the parties. If the arbitrator is not selected within thirty (30) da
ys of the written demand by a party to submit to arbitration, the Chairman of th
e SIAC shall make the selection. The language of the arbitration shall be Englis
h. Notwithstanding any provision in this agreement, Adobe or you may request any
judicial, administrative, or other authority to order any provisional or conser
vatory measure, including injunctive relief, specific performance, or other equi
table relief, prior to the institution of legal or arbitration proceedings, or d
uring the proceedings, for the preservation of its rights and interests or to en
force specific terms that are suitable for provisional remedies. The English ver
sion of this agreement will be the version used when interpreting or construing
this agreement. This agreement will not be governed by the conflict of law rules
of any jurisdiction or the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the Inter
national Sale of Goods, the application of which is expressly excluded.
13. General Provisions.
If any part of this agreement is found void and unenforceable, it will not affec
t the validity of the balance of this agreement, which shall remain valid and en
forceable according to its terms. This agreement shall not prejudice the statuto
ry rights of any party dealing as a consumer. This agreement may only be modifie
d by a writing signed by an authorized officer of Adobe. Updates may be licensed
to you by Adobe with additional or different terms. This is the entire agreemen
t between Adobe and you relating to the Software and it supersedes any prior rep
resentations, discussions, undertakings, communications, or advertising relating
to the Software.
14. Notice to U.S. Government End Users.
For U.S. Government End Users, Adobe agrees to comply with all applicable equal
opportunity laws including, if appropriate, the provisions of Executive Order 11
246, as amended, Section 402 of the Vietnam Era Veterans Readjustment Assistance
Act of 1974 (38 USC 4212), and Section 503 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, a
s amended, and the regulations at 41 CFR Parts 60-1 through 60-60, 60-250, and 6
0-741. The affirmative action clause and regulations contained in the preceding
sentence shall be incorporated by reference in this agreement.
15. Compliance with Licenses.
If you are a business or organization, you agree that upon request from Adobe or
Adobe s authorized representative, you will, within thirty (30) days, fully docum
ent and certify that use of any and all Software at the time of the request is i
n conformity with your valid licenses from Adobe.
16. European Union Provisions.
Nothing included in this agreement (including Section 4.5) shall limit any non-w
aivable right to decompile the Software that you may enjoy under mandatory law.
For example, if you are located in the European Union (EU), you may have the rig
ht upon certain conditions specified in the applicable law to decompile the Soft
ware if it is necessary to do so in order to achieve interoperability of the Sof
tware with another software program, and you have first asked Adobe in writing t
o provide the information necessary to achieve such interoperability and Adobe h
as not made such information available. In addition, such decompilation may only
be done by you or someone else entitled to use a copy of the Software on your b
ehalf. Adobe has the right to impose reasonable conditions before providing such
information. Any information supplied by Adobe or obtained by you, as permitted
hereunder, may only be used by you for the purpose described herein and may not
be disclosed to any third party or used to create any software which is substan
tially similar to the expression of the Software or used for any other act which
infringes Adobe or its licensors copyright.
17. Specific Provisions and Exceptions.
17.1 Limitation of Liability for Users Residing in Germany and Austria.
17.1.1 If you obtained the Software in Germany or Austria, and you usually resid
e in such country, then Section 10 does not apply. Instead, subject to the provi
sions in Section 17.1.2, Adobe s statutory liability for damages shall be limited
as follows: (a) Adobe shall be liable only up to the amount of damages as typica
lly foreseeable at the time of entering into the license agreement in respect of
damages caused by a slightly negligent breach of a material contractual obligat
ion and (b) Adobe shall not be liable for damages caused by a slightly negligent
breach of a non-material contractual obligation.
17.1.2 The aforesaid limitation of liability shall not apply to any mandatory st
atutory liability, in particular, to liability under the German Product Liabilit
y Act, liability for assuming a specific guarantee or liability for culpably cau
sed personal injuries.
17.1.3 You are required to take all reasonable measures to avoid and reduce dama
ges, in particular to make back-up copies of the Software and your computer data
subject to the provisions of this agreement.
If you have any questions regarding this agreement, or if you wish to request an
y information from Adobe, please use the address and contact information include
d with this product or via the web at http://www.adobe.com to contact the Adobe
office serving your jurisdiction.
Adobe, Adobe AIR, AIR, Authorware, Flash, Reader, and Shockwave are either regis
tered trademarks or trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated in the United State
s and/or other countries.
PlatformClients_PC_WWEULA-en_US-20110809-1357
34 No.

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