Ered 6Q

* ro06 gOoi
{. The Monkey's Disgrace
.i. coqdO 06l,{00 06cor Ae O 6OG Er
.i. ooos0roO oddOrm6 qOoa ez
* Dr Neal Barnard &The New Four
Food Groups

6ao o6DIIoJ MITuRU toYA

Vol.
1999

do016 -ego63Gi

lll

No.1

Jan. - Apr. 1999

*
*
*
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*

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Speciesism......

The Hitopadesa (Sanskrit Book of Fables)

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They say that the gift of

freedom from fear is the greatest of
all gifts.The gift of land,
gold, cattle or food - none of
these equals the gitt of freedom
from fear.

@O@e)O

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Protein, Protein

TNE GRDATEST GIM

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The Monkey's Disgroce

.'

(TAI(N TROIrl DAR ABBV)

Three monkeys sat in a coconut tree

Discussing things as they are said to be
Said one to the others, "Now listen, you two,
There's a rumour around that can't be true
That man descended from our noble race
The very idea is a great disgrace."

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Starved her babies and ruined her life

And you've never known a mother monk
To leave her babies with others to bunk
Or pass from one on to another
Tillthey scarcely knew who is their mother."

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"No monkey has ever deserted his wife

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"Here's another thing a monkey won't do

Co out at night and get in a stew
Or use a gun or club or knife
To take some other monkey's life
Yes, man descended, the ornery cuss
But, brother, he didn't descend from us."
("ornery cuss" : .olloqrriul {o, "-ea. i.l1oor")
(Courtesy: Animal Rights Online)

UJA

HA' 17 ftIILLION

UIGETARIANS

More and more Americans are turning to a vegetarian diet, PETA reports, for their heakh. tbr
animals and for the environment. There are currently more lhan 17 million vegetarians in the Unired
States and that number is growing approximately by one million every year. According to the \ ational
Restaurant Association, one out of every five restaurant customers looks for vegetarian cursine.
(AOL/ 30.11.98)

THEY TOO CANHOT FORGET THE VEGETARIAN'

We are by no means great admirers of fast foods and their manufacturers because they are purve)-ors

of a whole lot of harmful fats to their customers. But we note with some satisfaction that that they too
have thought it fit to provide some vegetarian fare in their outlets. The recently opened Mcdonalds in
Colombo are aid to be offering a "vegetable burger based on an Indian recipe". It is reported that Big

Mac is taking "a great deal of trouble" in preparing their vegeburger to ensure that everything that
goes into it is 100% vegetarian, including rhe mayonnaise which is made without using any eggs at
all. To ensure totatr lack of contact with meat or fish, they are said to prepare the vegeburger in a
separate kitchen.
How times have changed, we are tempted to thinkl

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'1999

Dr. Neal Barnard is President of

The

Physicians Comnr ittee For Responsi ble Med icine

of physicians that
promotes preventive medicirre and addresses
controversies in modern medicine. Presently the
Committee is made up of about 3400 physicians
and 50,000 non-medical mentbers. ln April 1991,
he and three other doctors unveiled a proposalto
replace the old For"ir Food Croups concept
initiated in 1956. ln this proposal PCRM defines
(PCRM), an Anrerican group

the ideal diet as one made up of adequate servings

from the follou,ing four food

groups:
VECETABLES, \,VHOLE CRAINS, FRUIT &
LECUMES. No other ntaior health organisation
had publicised the fact that the absence of all all
animal products from the diet is the most
effective way to reduce the risk of cancer, heart
disease, diabetes and stroke.

The following is an excerpt from an

interview with Dr. Barnard that appeared in
Spectrum, Number 24, May-June 1992:
Neal Barnard:The old Four Food Croups

are meat, dairy, grains, and vegetables/fruits.

That's a prescription for premature nrortality.
That's a prescription to kill off a sizeable
percentage of the population and it's the
prescription that all of us learned as we were going
through school. It started in 1956, after years of
other various schemes that the Department of
Agriculture had developed. There used to be more
food groups than four. Science has come a long
way in the 36 years since.
Spectrum: What was behind the development of
the original Four Food Croups? Was there any

political or economic thrust behind it, or was it

concerned totally with health?

Neal Barnard: I think the original idea

probably stemmed from a desire to educate people
about simple steps they could use to stay healthy.

it has been used

essentially as a
products.
for
agricultural
promotional campaign

However,

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6D - qgocid

Dairy products got their own group, and it was

prominently featured. lf you look at the fine print
on the posters that are in schools, it indicates that
the Dairy Council has put these out. They print
the posters, and they still promote the old Four
Food Croups because it increases sales of their
products. lt's the same with the meat producers.
The original Four Food Croups is completely out
of sync with all the science that has gone on since
that time. We now know that people who eat no
meat at all - who violate the Four Food Croups live longer. They have less incidence of disease
and they are thinner. People who avoid dairy
products, far from showing signs of ill health, are

healthier than people who consume dairy

products.

We felt that we had to rewrite the Four

Food Croups- continue to use the idea of a simple
tool that kids could learn in school, but have it be
something that is in sync with modern science.
The new Four Food Croups are GRAINS,
VEGETABLES, FRUITS, AND LEGUMEs-legumes
meaning anything in a pod, such as peas, beans,
lentils. lf that were the basis of nutritional
teaching, we could revolutionise the health in this
co

ntry.

When we first made this proposal, it

wasn't just me standing up at the podium and
waving this around, we had Dennis Burkitt with
us, the British doctor who discovered the value
of fibre. He spent years in Africa comparing
different diets, and is one of the most widely
respected cancer researchers in the world. He
came to Washington and said "Yes, the new Four
Food Croups could save a lot of lives."
Colin Campbell, the head of the China
health study, also came to Washington and
endorsed it, as did Oliver Alabaster, a cancer
researcher. So, we felt we were on very solid
ground with this, and, we certainly are. There's a
wealth of research behind it.

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1999 66)

nur"read a number of times in

'-i I !'-4 t',

the newspapers about vegetarianism in Sri

Lanka. The SriLankan community should be
thankful to the Hindu community for running
a number of vegetarian restaurants in the island. Now, to hear about the interest shown
by the Buddhist community about establishing vegetarian restaurant's is indeed an encouragement for us vegetarians.
I have lived more than half of my life in

India, the land of the Buddha. In that holy land,

one may not find a huge Buddhist commu-

- rlgc6d

In SriLanka, vegetarian monks find it

difficult to consume vegetarian food because
every dish contains maldive fish (Umbalakada)
or dry fish. Further, monks depend on the
food offered by the lay community.

nity, but one can notice how the majority of

the people have adopted some of the teachings of the Buddha.

Monks cannot say "l am a vegetarian,

I am a vegetarian." The lay community should
offer the monks only what can be deemed as
suitable.

AIlthe Vipassana meditation centres in

India, or rather all over the world, under the
guidance of Acharya S. N. Goenka, adhere to
vegetarian food. Even some lifeiong non-vegetarians have become vegetarians after a
course or two of Vipassana meditation. The
meditations practised not only include to
Vipassana, but aiso Metta Bhavana. That is,
to express ioving-kindness towards all beings,
humans and non-bumans. Hence, it is not possible to commit any act which is harmful to,
painful to or injurious to another being. One
connot say "May all beings be happy and
peaceful" and fill his or her stomach with the
flesh of a killed animal. You may say that "l do
not kill; so I am not involved in the killing."
But another person kills because you demand
it. If there is no demand, there will not be a
supply. Even if there is a supply, a kue practitioner of Metta bhavana will not go for it. Every morning we hear of the chanting of Metta
bhavana. If it is put into practicel we will have
a more peacefulsociety in this country.

There are many monks who do not

want to eat non-vegetarian food. They find it
difficult to practise vegetarianism, because of
the above-mentioned Umbalakada factor. So,
the best thing would be not to add any dry
fish or Umbalakada to vegetable dishes.

The clergy is highly regarded. Hence,

some suggest that they should take the lead.
This is not something that the clergy alone can
do. The lay society has a greater part to play.

Most of the Chinese Buddhists in

Singapore, Taiwan and other parts of the world
are non-vegetarians. But they do not offer nonvegetarian food to the monks or nuns.

would like to speak once again about

restaurants. In many parts of India one finds a
large number of vegetarian restaurants. In
South India, i.e. in Tamil Nadu, Kerala
Karnataka and Andhra especially, vegetarianism is practised in a very strong way. Often
one has to wait for some time to secure a seat
in a vegetarian restaurant. It is not the case
with non-vegetarian restaurants. Even nonvegeiarians go to vegetarian restaurants to
have a vegetarian meal.
I

In Sri Lanka too one can make good

vegetarian meals of different varieties such as
Indian and Chinese dishes.

Even in European and American

countries there are many vegetarians. They
have realised how useful vegetarian food is
for a healthy life.

So let us encourage people in this

country too to use more vegetable food. This
should be done with the joint effort of both
the clergy and the lay people.

Reu.

U. Ratnapulq -.

Gangodqwila

1999

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intolerable in the suffering of animals than in the sufferings of men.

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ted that suffering is evil and that the
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donable crime. , ....

- To Cherish All Life -

NP

Roshi Philip Kapleau,

P.22

1999

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of protein for every kilogram (2.2 pounds) of body

weight. People under special circumstances (such
J as pregnant women) are advised to get a litile

ffuiciu,
( This is an article prepared by PETA [People for
the Ethical Treatment of Animals] in May 1997. Mituru
Lova is deeply gratefiil to Susan Roghair (e-mail address
<EnglandGal@aol.com>) who runs the Animal Rights
Online Newsletter and who e-mailed this and many other
valuable writings to us, some of which we will print in our
magazine. This is just one fine example of the mutual cooperation that exists among vegetarial organisations the
world over tfianks to the Internet).

an the vegan (strict vegetarian) diet

provide protein adequate for sound
human health? This question continues
to be asked despite the fact that a "yes"
answer was given some three decades
ago in a study reported by Hardinge and Stare.(
Hardinge, M.G. and F.J. Stare, "NutritionalStudies
of Vegetarians).

The question stays with us largely

because animal products (meat, milk, cheese,
and eggs) have been promoted (usually by the
industries that produce and sellthem) as the best
source of protein. This dietary assumption is
wrong and can even be harmful, as a quick study
of the facts about vegetable protein and nutrition
ShoWS.

The Importance of Protein

Protein'is essential to human health. ln
fact, our bodies-hair, muscles, fingernails, and so
on-are made up mostly of protein. As suggested
by the differences between our muscles and our

fingernails, not all proteins are alike. This is

because differing combinations of any number
of 22 known amino acids may constitute a protein.

(ln much the same way that the 26 letters of our

alphabet serve to form different words, lhe 22
amino acids serve to form different proteins.)
Amrno acids are a fundamental part of our

diet. While most of the 22 can be manufactured

in one way or another by the human body, eight
(or, for some people, 10) cannot. These "essential

amino acids" can easiiy be provided by

6eD

balanced vegan diet.

How Much Protein?

Non-animal foods can easily provide us
with the necessary protein. Despite the claims of
the meat and dairy industries, only 2.5-'10 percent
of the total calories'consumed by the average
human being needs to be in the form of protein.
The rule of thumb used by the National Academy
of Sciences Food and Nutrition Board is .57 grams

more. Vegans should not worry about getting

enough protein; if you eat a reasonably varied
diet and ingest sufficient calories. you will
undoubtedly get enough protein.
Eating too much protein can result in
osteoporosis and kidney stones. Meat and dairy
products raise the acid level in human blood,
causing calcium to be excreted from the bones
to restore the body's natural pH (acidity/alkaliniiy)

balance. This calcium depletion results

in

osteoporosis, or weakening of the bones The

excreted calcium ends up in the kidneys. where it
often forms painful stones. Kidney disease is far
more common in meat-eaters than in vegans, and
excessive protein consumption has also been
linked to cancer of the colon, breast. prostate,
and pancreas. By replacing animal protein with
vegetable protein, you can improve your health
while enjoying a wide variety of delicious foods.

Protein Sources
While just about every vegetarian food
contains some protein, the soybean deserves
special mention, for it contains all eight essential
amino acids and surpasses all other food plants
in the amount of protein it can deliver to the human
system. ln this regard it is nearly equal to meat.
The human body uses about 70 percent of the
protein found in meat and 60 to 65 percent of that
found in soybeans.

The many different and delicious soy

products
Tempeh, soy "hot dogs," "burgers,"
Tofutti "ice cream," and tofu available in some
grocery stores suggest that the soybean, in its
many forms, can accommodate a wide range of
tastes.
Other rich sources of non-animal protein
include legumes, nuts, seeds, food yeasts and
freshwater algae. Although food yeasts
("nutritional yeast" and "brewer's yeast") do not
lend themselves to forming the center of one's
diet, they are extremely nutritious additions to
most menus (in soups, gravies, breads,
casseroles, and dips). Most yeasts are 50 percent
protein (while most meats are only 25 percent).
Freshwater algae contains a phenomenal
percentage of protein. One type is the deep green

spirulina, a food that is 70 percent protein. lt is

available in tablets, powders, and even candy
bars.

1999 65)

Percentage of Calories from Protein

LEGUME'
Soybean sprouts
Soybean curd (tofu)
Soybeans
Lentils
Split peas
Kidney beans
Navy beans
Lima beans
Garbanzo beans

54%
43%
350h
29Yo

28%
260
260/o

lOYo

23%

VEGETABLE'
Spinach
Watercress

49Yo

- qg66od

12%
11%

Oatmeal
Millet
Barley

0B%

Brown rice

0B%

FRUIT'

Lemons

Honeydew melon
Cantaloupe
Strawberry
Orange
Grape
Watermelon
Tangerine
Papaya
Peach
Pear

16%
10%
09%
0B%
0B%
jBYo
0B%

06%
07Yo

Kale

46%
45%

Broccoli

45To

Brussels sprouts
Turnip greens
Cauliflower
Mustard greens
Mushrooms
Lettuce
Green peas
Zucchini
Cucumbers
Green pepper
Artichokes
Cabbage
Eggplant
Tomatoes
Onions
Beets
Potatoes

44o/o

Yams

0B%

As the above chart demonstrates, protein

deficiency need not be a concern for vegans. lf
we ate nothing but wheat, oatmeal, or potatoes,
we would easily have more than enough protein.
Eating nothing but cabbage would provide more
than twice as much protein as anyone would

31%

need

20%

Of course, an actual vegan would never

want to be limited to just one food. The vegan
diet can (and should) be full of a wide variety of
delicious foods.

GRAINS
Wheat germ
Rye

Wheat, hard
Wild rice
Buckwheat
lrr l1lrlf f rrrr rlf rr .t!rl

43a/o

40%
39%
38%

34%
30%
28%

24%
22%
22%

22%

21%
1B%

16%
15%
11%

"

17%

15%
15%

06%
050/o

05%

Banana
Grapefruit
Pineapple

0SYo

Apple

01o/o

03%

NUTS AND SEEDS

Pumpkin seeds
Peanuts
Sunflower seeds
Walnuts, black
Sesame seeds
Almonds
Cashews
Filberts

21%
1B%
17o/o

13%
13%
12%
12o/o

0B%

ft fr'rLtYf f f .ta+trf If f f f If rtfJ+rl lIf f f f Ift LrJf f f f II.'

1999

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0o 'l'he Vegetarian oodlO Oq ol a0o
1997

::,:.t2i

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acoruJat

os@ rs6Oa eClO e@ aalan EaOg dOoDce

arcsoJ 60 9a26. @O fiooaIosJ d Aa atod1 6at.
(The Vegetarian, Winter 1997, p. 50)

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6b@t.atost6macel 8@Eg Cdo6.

1999

MORE & MORE STUDIES

PROVE BENEFITS OF
VEGE DIETS
In

the three weeks between November

11

and December 2,1998 Sri Lankan papers printed

4 Reuter repofts that described the results of studies
made in prestigious rnedicai schools in USA which
showed the beneficial health effects of vegetarian
diets.

(1) Dr Christine Albert and colleagues at Harvard

Medical School looked at the diets of 22,000
doctors who have been taking part in a longterm study of health. Those who ate the most
nuts had a lower risk of dying from heart
disease, she told a meeting of the American
Heart Association in Dallas. She noted that
nuts contain Omega-3 fatty acids - in particular

an acid known as alpha-linolenic acid which

is also found in canola oil, soybean oil, flax
seed and flax oil. Albert told reporters that this

fatty acid may prevent a heart arrhythmia

called ventricular fibrillation that can cause
sudden death.

(2) A team of doctors at Tufts University in

Boston studied 43 men and women aged22to
66 who were just barely' over-rveight. They
were put on low-calorie diets of 1000 calories
a day for 6 weeks. All had normal blood
pressure. Half got wheat as a big part of the
diet and half got oats. Both groups lost r,veight.
But the oats also lowered their cholesterol by
an average of 34 milligrams per decilitre as
compared to just 13 mg for the wheat group.

ibn Batuta, medieval Arab visitor to Sri

Lanka. refers to ''sheikh Usman of Shiraz" who
acted as his guide to Adam's Peak. The Sheikh
was:heid in esteem by the king and the people.
When they found that he had slaughtered a cow,
:l'they only cut off his hand and foot". If any one,
:else had done this, "he would have been put to
death". "Though Muslims were free to practice
Iheir religion, it was expected of them to do so
without hurting the reiigious susceptibilities of the
:majority of people among whom they lived."

Uniiersitg
V,ol

sec, ii, p,,:?69

6D - Egc60

(3) Dr Edgar Miller of John Hopkins University

in Baltimore found that people who ate diets
rich in fruits and vegetables showed strong
evidence of anti-oxidant activity in their
bodies. Writing in Circulation, a journal
published by the American Heart Association,
N4iller said he tested 123 bealthy people to see
the effects of eating plenty of fruits and
vegetables. He was looking specifically Ibr
anti-oxidant action. Anti-oxidants have been
found to neutralise free radicals, the charged
molecules that can damage cells and cause
diseases ranging from heart disease to cancer.
Groups that ate added vegetables showed much
lower levels of ethane. a breakdo'uvn product
caused by the oxidation of fatty acids in the

blood. Such diets have also been shown to

lower blood pressure. "These studies support
the hypothesis that diets rich in fruits and
vegetables can increase the anti-oxidant
capacity of blood, r,vhicl-r protects against lipid
(fat) oxidation", Miller reported.

(4) Colin Campbel and fellow nutritionists at

Cornell University found that people who eat
more plant food such as bread and vegetables
probably gained less weight even if they ate
more. They said that excess protein and fat,
which come mostly from animal-based foods,
can add up to 10 pounds ayear on the average
person even if that person does not overeat.

Writing in the American Journal of Clinical

Nutrition, he said he doubted that going on a
low-protein diet would harm Americans or
others who have access to a varied diet. Even
people on strict vegetarian or vegan diets get
plenty of protein, he said. "Now that we're
learning the subtle effects of excess protein, it
is easier to see why people on healthful diets
feel more energetic".

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1999

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Vrcrrr..rRl^N Fooor
COOKING WITHOUT EGG
Many people choose not to eat eggs. More
than 50% of the calories in eggs are from fat, and
a big portion of that fat is saturated. They are also

loaded with cholesterol - about 206 milligrams

for an average sized egg.
Eggs are

often used in baked products

Use one heaped tablespoon of sor,flour or

ix..

corn flour plus two tablespoons of vvater to

replace each egg in a baked product.
Use 1/z cup of mashed tofu in place of an

because of their binding and leavening properties.

But many cooks have found good alternatives to

eggs. Try one of the following the next time you
prepare a recipe that calls for eggs:

.ixi.

lf a recipe calls for just one

ortwo eggs, you

can often skip them. Add a couple of extra
tablespoons of water or liquid for each egg
eliminated, to balance out the moisture
content of the product.

aoo
-b5.

ln muffins, % mashed banana can be used

instead of an egg, although it will change
the flavour of the recipe somewhat.
For loaves and burgers, use any of the
following to bind ingredients together:
tomato paste, mashed potato, moistened
bread crumbs, rolled oats or oat bran.

(Abridged from "Co Vegetarian! The green book

on vegetarian nutrition" edited by Chris Lehmann
and reprinted in Colombo, 1998).

1999 6eD

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tTh"

gr"utness of a nation and its

moral progress can be judged b1'
the way its animals are treated.

6r5coo 5,El6dOco or coqrOr6

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Mahathma GZndhi

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- OoC@t

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in"

admiring

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\l'
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JJJtJa

*,2-'--r-

'i#H; -@:'::'Y:)

body willbecome his own tomb.

For I tellyou truly, he who kills, kil{s
himself and whoso eats the flesh
of slain beasts eats the body of death.

@goco co6dco Sooa @deo eq o?Ddod

@o Ogocd @oloene, op gro. OdStorq
csd odeaal, oo @ @dr co56. ooq
cso@d oda @e at2eaocd od oe6 e
Og Od6o eACIO ?Dd6.

- The Lord Jesus Christ -

- odgd 6ded

oeodod -

'1999

SPDCIESISNI VERSUS

INALIENABLE
KIGIITS
arbitrarily given for the sake of convenience
to a set of individuals closely resembling each

- Charles Darwin (The Origin

of

Species).

Speciesism is the act of treating an

individual, not according to its characteristics
(such as the ability to suffer), but according
to the species to which the individual belongs.
ln the past, there have been a number

of definitions of what constitutes a different

species. Today, it is defined genetically. This
raises the following questions:

,t

lf rights should be based on genes, why

should the line be drawn at species

rather than race, order, phylum, or
kingdom?

,t

those who might force them to be caged,

killed, or mutilated, regardless of the benefits
to others that such sufferings might bring.

fear when their lives are mutilated, and

boredom and frustration when caged for long
periods of time. The physiology and behaviour
of many invertebrate animals indicates that
they probably feel pain as well.

Animals whom we have made our

slaves, we do not like to consider our equals
-Charles Darwin (Metaphysics, Materialism,
and the Evolution of the Mind).

All the arguments to prove man's

superiority cannot shatter this hard fact. in
suffering, the animals are our equals -Peter
Singer, author of Animal Liberation.

Why should rights be granted on the

basis of a particular sequence of genes?

,t

qooCl

Based on common physiology and behaviour,

it is safe to say that vertebrate animals suffer

I look at the term 'species,' as one

other

dD -

Like genes that determine one's eye

colour, skin colour, etc., which gene
determines rights?

Basing rights on species is arbitrary.

It is no more rational than basing rights on
the pigmentation of skin or on gender, which
are also determined genetically.

Inalienable Rights
As a society, we recognise basic rights

of humans to their lives and bodies. We

consider these rights "inalienable," meaning
that no one can take them away.

Humans are granted rights to their

lives because most have a strong desire to
avoid death and suffer fear when their lives
are threatened. Humans are granted control
over their own bodies because they suffer
pain when their bodies are mutilated, and
boredom and frustration when caged for long
periods of time. Since we, as a society,
understand how horrible these sorts of
sufferings are, we try to protect humans from

lf an individual can suffer. then

its
suffering should matter as much as any other

individual's suffering. ln speaking about

whether animals should be granted rights,

Jeremy Bentham (Oxford University

Professor of Jurisprudence) said,'The

question is not, Can they reason? nor. Can

they talk? But rather, Can they suffer?" (An
lntroduction to the Principles of Morals &
Legislation, 17Bg) Similarly, if an individual

desires to Iive, then its life should be

respected.

Animals show ihey value their lives

and freedom by their struggles against being
caged and killed. The act of depriving them
of life or freedom harms them in many of the
same ways a human is harmed when
deprived of life or freedom.
Since animals can feel pain and desire
to live, should they not be granted basic rights

to their lives and bodies? As individuals

capable of acting morally, how can we justify
their continued exploitation and slaughter?

(Couriesy: "Animals Writes" the official

ANIMAL R/GHIS ONLINE newsletter,
/ssue dated 02.1 2.1 998)

'1999

6a - qgo6d

September 6: Poya day Seminars at Bodhirukkharamaya, Pamunugama;

Korosduwa

Vi

haraya, Wadd uwa, Ran koth Viha raya, Panad

ra.

September 72'.Talkentitled "Obvious and not so obvious wars" atTheosophical

Society, Wellawata by the President, Prof. Mahinda
Palihwadana

October

4.

October 5:

Nooemeber

December

4:

Poya Day Seminar

Participation in World Animal Day Walk and Rally organised

by Gal Gava Mituro.

Poya Day Seminars at Siri Suseela Dharma Niketanaya,

Hokandara Gunasekara Dharmayatanaya, Kalalgoda,
Pannipitiya, Gangaramaya, Saranankara Road, Pamankada

at Kesbewa sri wijaya

Sundararamaya.

3: Poya day Seminars at Gal-len Viharaya,

Udumulia, Padukka: Purana Viharaya, Meevanapalana,

Nalanda Pirivena, Kuda Uduwa, Horana

December 72: Participation in ITN Television Programme on vegetarianism,

December 20: Participation in Panel Discussion on the First Precept of Buddhism at YMBA Borella.

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MEMBERs trF.,THE Ex
president:Prof. Mahinda Palihawadana VicePresidenf'Dr. PraneethAbhayasundara, /ointSecretaries:
Messrs. Saman Chandra Ranasinghe, and Chanaka Amaratunge, Treasurer: Mr. Manoj Krishantha
Perera, Assistant Treasurer: Mr. K. M Nishantha Lal, Other Members of the Executive committee:
Rev. Mawathagama Pemananda Thero, Messrs. Dayananda Adikaram, Premachandra Godagampala,
Nandana P. Perera, Chandika Weragala, Mrs. lndraniGunatilaka, Mrs.Wasula Kalupahana, and Mrs.
Bandu Masakorala.

The 33rd World Vegetarian Congress will be held from 4th to I Oth 0f Janu ary, 1999 at Chiang Mai,
the ancient capital of Lanna Thai, the first independent Thai kingdom in the fai:led golden triangle. The city
of Chiang Mai is located in a fertile valley 700 km north of Bangkol<. The region has a rich history dating
back to 1296, when the city was founded.
AII meals served during the congress will be entirely free of animal ingredients, prepared from
fruits and vegetables from local organic farms. Lectures and presentations will focus on ethical, economic
and environmental benefits of vegetarianism and on the increasing ecological and social upheaval caused
by wrong food choices. They will also address different techniques and campaigning methods for the
promotion of vegetarianism. Sni Lanka Vegetarian Society will be represented at the Congress by Mrs.
Bandu Masakorala, Executive Committee member of the Sociery.

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Published by the Sri Lanka Vegetarian Bikkhu Organization on behatf of Sri Lanka vegetarian

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