Amino Acids Quiz

Learning objectives:

Friday

Compare and Contrast equilibrium and steady state

Explain the difference between G and G
Predict the direction a reaction will proceed given
thermodynamic data.

Identify an amino acid:

Thermodynamics review:

Full name
Three letter code
1 letter code
Net Charge at pH 7.4

List Categories
which aa are in each one

Thermodynamic Principles
A Review
Overall Thermodynamics
determines whether a physical process is possible
(i.e. spontaneous).
provides no information about the rate of a physical
process.

Gibbs Free Energy (G)

G = H TS
H = Enthalpy (Heat Content), S = Entropy (Disorder)
A > B
G = GB GA

G = H TS

G = H TS
Change in Enthalpy (H)
[energy required to break bonds] minus
[energy released from bonds formed]

Exothermic: system releases energy

Endothermic: system gains energy

Change in Entropy (S)

[Disorder of products] minus [Disorder of reactants]

Systems tend toward disorder

Change in Free Energy (G)

Thermodynamics of the Reaction

Indicator of Spontaneity
A + B > P + Q
G = G(P+Q) G(A+B)

A + B > P + Q

Exergonic (G): spontaneous

Endergonic (+G): requires input of energy
H

+
+

If H>TS
If H<TS

Get into groups of 3

Take about 10 minutes
Take about 6 minutes
Work on critical thinking questions 3-6.
Work on critical thinking questions 1 and 2.

Standard Free Energy Change (Go)

(Biochemical Standard State Conventions)

At equilibrium
25C
1 Atmosphere
pH 7.0

Direction of the reaction

Free energy changes:
Go = standard
G = in the cell

Concentrations:
Keq = standard
[P]/[R] = in the cell

G > 0
-Reverse (towards reactants)

[P]/[R] > Keq

-Reverse (towards reactants)

G < 0
-Forward (towards products)

[P]/[R] < Keq

-Forward (towards products)

G = 0
-Equilibrium (i.e. Death)

[P]/[R] = Keq
-Equilibrium (i.e. Death)

Actual Free Energy Change (G)

(based on conditions in the cell)

Usually At Steady State

Any temperature
~pH 7.4

For the reaction:

A
B Keq = 0.5
At equilibrium there are:
A. Equal amounts of products and reactants
B. More reactants
C. More products
The = ?
A: < 0
B: 0
C: > 0

For the reaction:

A
B Keq = 0.5
If the P/R ratio = 0.8:
I. there is a higher [products] than [reactants]
II. there is a higher [reactants] than [products]
III. The reaction will proceed towards products
IV. The reaction will proceed towards reactants
A. I, III
B. I, IV
C. II, III
D. II, IV

For the reaction:

A
B Keq = 2.3
If the P/R ratio = 1.7:
I. there is a higher [products] than [reactants]
II. there is a higher [reactants] than [products]
III. The reaction will proceed towards products
IV. The reaction will proceed towards reactants
A. I, III
B. I, IV
C. II, III
D. II, IV

Take about 5 minutes

Work on critical thinking questions 7-9.

Thermodynamic Systems
Read the section provided on Steady state
And answer #10.

Closed: Physical Chemistry (Equilibrium)

Open: Biochemistry (Steady-State)

Inputs and Outputs

How is steady state the same as equilibrium?

I. rate of the forward reaction = rate of the
backwards reaction
II. Concentrations of reactants and products are
unchanging
III. Reactants and products are continuously being
made
A. I
B. II
C. III
D. I, III
E. II, III