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ABSTRACT
The popularity of Wireless Sensor Networks has
increased extremely due to the huge potential of the
sensor networks to join the physical world with the
virtual world. Since these devices depend on battery
power and may be placed in hostile environments
replacing them becomes a tedious task. Thus, increasing
the energy of these networks becomes important. Our
paper provides methods for clustering and cluster head
selection to WSN to improve energy efficiency. It
provides a comparative study of the different methods on
the basis of the network lifetime. It provides a modified
approach for cluster head selection with good
performance and less computational complexity. In
addition it also proposes modified communication
protocol as an algorithm for clustering of WSN which
would result in improved performance with faster
convergence.
Keywords: Battery lifetime, cluster head, sensor nodes,
leach, throughput.
1. INTRODUCTION
The WSN system has witnessed a tremendous upsurge
coming along with numerous applications, e.g., battle
field surveillance, environment monitoring, disaster
detection and rescue, biodiversity and habitat
monitoring, precise and intelligent agriculture, medicine
and health care, environment-friendly buildings, and
logistics. WSN can prevent grape plants from overheating or freezing and thus considerably increase the
plant value and the wine quality [4]. Another WSN
application serves livestock farming by attaching to each
livestock a sensor node which measures and reports the
animals health status, e.g., the body temperature and
any pest infection, farmers can be alerted to react in time
to any potential disease outbreak in the herd.
In view of application diversity, it is difficult to set up a
one-for-all node hardware framework and a standard
communication protocol stacks that application. [6]
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International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET), ISSN 2278 0882
Volume 3, Issue 4, July 2014
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International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET), ISSN 2278 0882
Volume 3, Issue 4, July 2014
of the nodes that have not yet been head nodes in the
first 1/P rounds. Using this threshold, all nodes will be
able to be head nodes after 1/P rounds. The analysis is as
follows: Each node becomes a cluster head with
probability p when the round begins, the nodes which
have been head nodes in this round will not be head
nodes in the next 1/P rounds, because the number of the
nodes which is capable of head node will gradually
reduce, so, for these remain nodes, the probability of
being head nodes must be increased. After 1/P-1 round,
all nodes which have not been head nodes will be
selected as head nodes with probability 1, when 1/P
rounds finished, all nodes will return to the same starting
line. When clusters have formed, the nodes start to
transmit the inspection data. Cluster heads receive data
was sent to the gateway after fused. . This is a frame data
transmission.
In order to reduce unnecessary energy cost, steady stage
is composed of multiple frames and the steady stage is
much longer than the set-up stage.
New improved algorithm vs LEACH:
LEACH (Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy), a
clustering-based protocol that minimizes energy
dissipation in sensor networks was developed, there after
we modified the clustering head selection and faster
convergence is achieved
Proposed
LEACH
90
80
70
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40
30
20
10
0
50
60
45
50
40
40
35
30
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10
500
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70
500
rounds
Energy
Dead
80
Proposed
LEACH
90
Proposed
LEACH
30
25
20
15
3000
rounds
10
5
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
rounds
The above figure shows the amount of energy dissipated
using Modified LEACH versus LEACH as the network
diameter is increased and the electronics energy varies.
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International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET), ISSN 2278 0882
Volume 3, Issue 4, July 2014
10
x 10
Throughput
Proposed
LEACH
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
rounds
The above figure shows that Modified LEACH more
than doubles the useful system lifetime compared with
the alternative approaches. While these simulations do
not account for the setup time to configure the dynamic
clusters (nor do they account for any necessary routing
start-up costs or updates as nodes die), they give a good
first order approximation of the lifetime extension we
can achieve using LEACH.
Future Scope
The modified algorithm for clustering of WSN has the
scope of giving better results if the algorithm parameters
are chosen suitably. The modified cluster head selection
technique may give better results if implemented with
other clustering techniques which have not been
discussed in the thesis (eg: Fuzzy C-Mean
clustering).The network lifetime may also be improved
if the clustering algorithms are made distributed as in
LEACH. In all of the methods discussed above the
energy parameter is taken into consideration only during
cluster head selection considering energy as as a
parameter during clustering itself.
Also in future it can be possible to deploy the solar cells
in order to increase the energy of the system and
eventually the network lifetime will also improve.
REFERENCES
[1] H. Karl and A. Willig,2005, Protocols and
architectures for wireless sensor networks, NJ:
Wiley, pp. 3-8, 18-36, 114-145, 289-357, 393398.
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International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET), ISSN 2278 0882
Volume 3, Issue 4, July 2014
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