MATHE MATICS

MATHE MATICS
DIGITAL TEXT BOOK
CLASS IX

SUBMITTED BY
Sangeetha Sol.M
B.Ed Mathematics
Reg No : 180/14376009

CONTENT
Chapter 1
CIRCLES
1.
2.
3.
4.

CIRCLES
CHORD OF A CIRCLE
LENGTH OF A CHORD
CIRCLE THROUGH THREE POINTS

Chapter 2
IRRATIONAL NUMBERS
1.
2.
3.
4.

IRRATIONAL NUMBERS WITH EXAMPLES

PRODUCT OF IRRATIONALS
DIVISION OF IRRATIONALS
PROBLEMS

Chapter 1
CIRCLES

The centres of all the circles passing through two fixed points
lie on the perpendicular biseector of the line jiining these two
points.

Chord of a Circle
A line joining any pair of points on a circle is called chord of the
circle.

All circles sharing a common chord have their centres on the

perpendicular bisector of this chord.

How can we find the centre of a circle ?

i.
Draw a circle using a bangle

Circles

ii

Draw a chord of this circle

iii.

Draw Perpendicular bisector of this chord.

The centre of the circle is on the perpendicular

bisector of this chord.

The perpendicular through the midpoint ofr a chord

passes through the centre of the circle.
The line joining the centre of a circle and the midpoint of a
chord is perpendicular to the chord.

Activity
1.

AB and AC are two chords of a circle and the bisector of <BAC

is a diameter of the circle. Prove that AB=AC

Circles

Length of a chord
In the figure below, O is the centre of the circle and AB is a
chord.
o
d
A

r
c

OC is the perpendicular from Oand AB. If we denote its length

by d and the radius of the circle by r, then the Pythagoras Theorem.
AC2 = r2-d2
Ac = AB
OAC, OA2= OC2+AC2
r2 = d2 + ()2
r = d2 +()2
d= r2 +()2
1 = 2 r2-d2

Circles

Activity

1.

i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.

What is the length of a chord which is 3 cm away from the

centre of a circle of radius 5 cm ?
Circle through three points
Mark three points A,B and C
Join AB, BC
Draw perpendicular bisector for AB and BC
Mark O where the bisectors intersect
Draw a circle with centre as O.
B
O

If we join AC we get

A
ABC

C
B
O
A

Circles

The circle which passes through the three vertices of a triangle,

is called the circumcircles of the triangle.

The Perpendicular bisector of the three sides of a triangle

intersect at a single point. This point is called the circumcentre of
the triangle.

Excercise
Circle
1)
2)

Draw a triangle with sides 4 centimetres, 5 centimeteres and 6

centimetres and draw its circumcircle.
Find the radius of the circle shown below.
8 cm
24 cm

3)

Draw triangle
ABC with measurements as given below and
draw the circum circle of each.
AB = 4 cm, AC = 5 cm, <A = 60

Circles

Chapter II
IRRATIONAL NUMBERS
Irrational numbers
Numbers which are not rational are called irrational.
For example 2, 3 are irrational numbers.
How do we draw a line of length 2, centimetres.
Draw a right angled triangle with the length of
perpendiular sides 1. As seen now, the lenghth of hypotenuse is 2 .

2
1
1
The square of any fraction is not 2
The approximate value of 2 is 1.41421
3 1.732

Activity
1.

The hypotwbuse of a right angled triangle is 3.5 cm long and

another of its sides is 2.5 m long. Calculate its perimeter.

Product of Irrationals

For any positive numbers x and y, we have x2=x and y2 = y, so

that x2 y2 = xy
Since x2y2 = (xy)2, we have
x2y2 = (xy)2 = xy

Irrational Numbers

For any two positive numbers x and y

x y = xy
For any positive numbers x and y, we have
x2 = x
y2 y
x= x
y y

Problems
1. The length of the diagonal of a square 1 metre. Find the length
of its side correct to centimetres.

Im m

Let the length of the side be x metres

Irrational Numbers

Then by pythagoras Theorem

x2 + x2 = 1
2x2 = 1
x2 =
So

x=
x=1
2
x =1 2
2 2
=2
2
= 1.414 ( 21.414)
=

0.707

Thus the side of our square is about 71 cm long.

2.

Using 31.732 compute 1 upto three decimals.

3
1=13
3 33

Irrational Numbers

= 3
3
= 1.732

3
= 0.577

Exercise.
For each of the products below, find out wheter the
answer is rational or irrational.
1)
5 8
2)
10.5 8
3)
3 12
4)
5)

Compute 12 = 1 up to two decimals.

3
Using 6 2.449, calculate 2 + 3 correct to three decimals.
3 2

Irrational Numbers