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1. AGRICULTURE IN SPAIN
1.1. The characteristics of agriculture.
The aim of this modern agriculture is to grow produce for sale on the market, focusing
on
the
best
suited,
most
profitable
crops
in
each
region.
There is a wide range of crops cultivated in Spain, the most widespread are: cereals,
legumes, grapes, olives. fruit, vegetables, industrial plants and fodder, Organic farming
is also becoming increasingly important.
1.2. Livestock farming and forestry
Livestock farming accounts for a large proportion of overall agricultural production. It
tends to be intensive, stable farming, and use animal feeds and on the improvement of
breeds.
Cattle provide milk and meat; sheep provide meat and cures meat products; and poultry
meat and Cured and eggs.
Forestry has resources, due, to the lack of forests by intensive deforestation. Today, it is
specialised in certain hardwood species and conifers. Different products are obtained
from these trees, such as wood, cellulose, resin and cork.
1.3. The problems in the primary sector.
The problems faced by Sector are Very include ageing of population, of surpluses of
Some products, such as cereals, wine, milk or beef, lack of competitiveness of some
small farms, and the deterioration of the environment due to the use of chemical
products.
to resolve them, public administrations apply different policies: increase funding aimed
at rural development; impose production quotas', promote new crops; encourage
agricultural consolidation; increase areas of fallow land and forest, etc.
2. SPANISH AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPES
2.1. The oceanic agricultural landscape
This landscape is in the north and north-west of the peninsula. is characterised by land
and an Climate, numerous small enclosed by hedges, and disperse settlement.
The interior of the peninsula characterise by flat land at high altitudes, a continental
climate, and the predominance of large fields and concentrated settlements.
Agriculture varies greatly. Non -irrigated land is used for extensive crops, especially the
Mediterranean trilogy, while on irrigated land there is intensive cultivation of industrial
plants and fodder.
Traditional livestock farming of both cows and pigs is extensive. Intensive livestock
farming.
This area includes the Mediterranean Coastal Strip, Guadalquivir valley, Balearic
Islands, Ceuta and Melilla. It is Characterised by low altitudes and a mild Climate, with
little precipitation. The fields are generally small and the settlements are disperse.
Agriculture use intensive irrigation. The main crops are vegetables, fruit, and tropical
fruit in areas with warmer temperatures
2.3. The agricultural landscape of the Canary Islands .
The Canary Island are by uneven volcanic land and a subtropical Climate. There are
Sharp Contrasts in size of large farms and Small farms in the interior, Settlement is
disperse in general.
The agriculture of the coast specialises in single-crop farming for export, cultivation
under plastic and tropical fruits. In the interior, agriculture tends co be mixed farming
for
self-consumptions,
focussing
On
Vines,
potatoes
and
wheat,
There is very little livestock farming, due to the poor quality of the pasture, although
extensive sheep and goat farming and intensive pig and poultry farming does exist.
3. FISHING ACTIVITY IN SPAIN
3.1. Characteristics of the fishing industry.
The fishing has undergone a profound transformation. It includes traditional, small
ships, an offshore and high-seas composed fleet, composed of large, modern Ships
equipped the technologies.
The majority of species caught are. Other species of great value are the mollusc
crustaceans and cephalopods.
Fishing production is used primarily for human consumption of fresh fish. However,
some of the fish caught undergoes industrial transformation: freezing, canning, salting
and the production of oils and fishmeal.
3.2. Fishing grounds and regions
Today, Spanish fleets fish in national, EU and international fishing grounds, especially
those of the Atlantic and Indian oceans. To fish internationally, the EU negotiates and
signs fishing agreements with the corresponding countries, main Spanish fishing region
is Galicia, in the Atlantic coast of Andaluca, the Canary Island and considerable way
behind these, the Mediterranean.
3.3. Problems with fishing
The most notable problems related to fishing are the small and ageing fishing
population the excessive size of the fleet in relation to the resources of the fishing
grounds which leads to the exhaustion of some species, due to overfishing.
Industrial regions of the Ebro Mediterranean, National and multinational firms have
set up here to reduce costs or take advantage of the resources from the surrounding
area.
To resolve these problems, varied measures are taken: policies to support SMEs,
promoting the use of advanced technologies,iIncreasing spending on R&D, preventing
environmental problems or rehabilitating areas in decline.
6. THE TERCEARY SECTOR IN SPAIN I. COMMERCE AND TRANSPORT
6.1. The growth of the service industry
The tertiary sector has grown spectacularly in Spain. Contributed of the gross domestic
product.
There are various reasons for this growth: the increase in the standard of living, which
demands numerous and specialises services; the growth of welfare state, consequents
increase in social and increased demand for by industry and tourism.
The creation of the autonomous communities and Spains entry into the EU have also
contributed to this growth, as they have increased the number of jobs in regional and
European administrations.
6.2. Commerce. Domestic and foreign trade
The majority of trade in Spain is traditional small shops; however, these are suffering as
they face growing competition from large retail outlets, such as hypermarkets,
department stores and shopping centres, which in decades have increased their market
share at the cost or the traditional retailers.
Foreign trade has increased as a result of the incorporation into the European Union
and economic globalisation. The vast majority of exchanges are carried out with the
other European Union countries, followed by the United States, Japan, China and some
countries of the Middle East and Latin America.
The most notable imports are Capital goods' and energy products. The biggest exports
are Capital goods, motor vehicles and foodstuffs. The trade balance is in deficit, we
import more than we export.
6.3. Transport. Characteristics and networks
The Spanish transport system uses mad transport above all for both passengers and
freight. The land and air networks are both radial in nature, with Madrid and the centre.
The quality and density of the network varies in different areas.
Land transport is most widely used, and is based on two networks: the roads network
and the railway network.
Railway transport is used for the transfer of goods and passengers over short and
medium distances.
Water transport is used for international heavy goods traffic, which is concentrated in
the ports of Algeciras, Barcelona and Valencia. Passenger transport is limited to routes
between island or across the Strait of Gibraltar, us it is concentratreted in the ports or
Canary Island, Balearic Island, Algeciras and Ceuta.
Air transport is the most competitive from of international passenger transport. The
main airports are Madrid, Barcelona. Palma Malaga and Tenerife.
7. THE TERTIARY SECTOR IN SPAIN II. TOURISM
7.1. The favourable factors of tourism
A series of favourable factors have influenced the development of
tourism since
1960, .These factors include: proximity to other European the climate and the cultural,
artistic, folklore and and political and compared to other nearby .
7.2. Types of tourism
The main type of tourism in Spain is sun and sand tourism, concentrate along the
Mediterranean coastline and in the Balearic and Canary Islands. Other types, which are
growing, are mountain tourism in the ski resorts, ecological tourism in the countryside,
rural tourism, cultural tourism in cities with important historical heritage and also
business tourism.
Foreign demand comes from European countries in search of sun and sand in the
summer. Domestic demand comes mainly from Madrid, Catalonia and Andaluca; it
includes various types of tourism and is better distributed across the year.
7.2. Repercussions and future prospects
Tourism has had both positive and negative consequences for Spain.
The positive consequences are the generation of income and employment, which
allowed the promotion of Other economic activities and the development of transport
infrastructure.
The negative consequences are the seasonality of employment, the rise in prices, of
and the environmental damage caused by on a massive Scale, pollution, production of
production of waste and over-use or water..
To ensure the future of the sector, certain problems must be resolved, such as the control
of business by foreign tour operators, the low-to- medium level. Of the majority of the
tourism and the concentration of tourism in the summer.
As solutions to these problems, the sector is seeking to promote domestic tour operators,
provide high quality tourism and developed new, less seasonal forms of tourism. A
commitment to sustainable tourism is also necessary, making sure the development of
the sector is compatible with care of the environment.