0p in ion

fu.
I

Issuys

lvhat are your views on the question. ,,Should pe0ple conricted of minor
crimes do comm[nitr senice rather than go to prison?,'

,lr,ii

nead the viewpoints and reasons mentioned in the table belo\y, then lisfen to the cassette and match each of the vierypoints Fith the appropriate
reason. Then, identify which aspects of the Discussion Clock on p, 59 fhe
points relate to, Finalllt using the notes, give a one-ninute talk on the subiect,
using rods from the following list.
I

Forevnpleli$tanrc Fiqll!

Jirnly helieve

The rcasonfor

lhis

In addition

Because

i?iit\:l,it t:1t't

Paragraph 1
state the top c and your
opin on clearly

tt\

ni,t:

Paragraph 2
viewpoint 1 & reason/
exampl-o

pieceolwrling ltreq!resyouropniononatopc which

must be stated ceany, g ving variolrs v ewpoints on lhe topc supported by rasons

An opinron essay is a forma

and/or exampes. You should also ncllde the opposing viewpoint n anolrer paragrapn.
A successful opinion essay sho! d have:
a) an introduclory paragraph n whiclr you state th lopic and your opin on
b) a main body which conssts of sevral paragraphs, each presenting a separate
vewponr supported by reasons You aso incude a paragraph pfesntng the
opposing viewpointand reason whyyou ih nk t is an unconvincing viewpo nt and
c) a conclusion n which you restate your op nion Lrs ng difterent words.

Foints t0 conslder
Decid wheilr ef you ag ree o r d sag ree with the subjct of rhe lop
oTyour v ewpoinis and reasons.

c then make

Link ng words and phrases should aso be used toloin on paragraph with the other

Applytechn ques presented of

56

lo begin and end you r essay.

Paragraph 4

viewpont3&reason/
examp e"
Paragraph 5
oppos ng v ewpoint &
reason/examp e-

a tist

Write wel -developed paragraphs, join ng the sentences w ih approprtaie ink ng

wolds and phrases Do not lorget to start each paragraph with a lop c sefience
whcfrsummafses Whatthe paragraph iS about.

a
a

Paragraph 3
vewpoint2 & reason/
example

:t|',,,t,",1t1,

Final Paragraph
summar serestate opinion

'

Yau may include mare view

points, and thus mare para

graphs in the main body.

Unil 6b 00i[iol|hsoy$

Rad_the model below and complefe the paragraph plan

on the righf.
identifling the topic of each paragraph. Has the opposing
viewpoini
bcen included! .nd if so, in whirh paragraph? Then, replace
the linklng rords 0r phrases in bold type rrith other synonvmous
ones.

. lfr&tdbn summ^ry of the topic ctear statement of apinjon

Throughout this cent!ry the role ol women with n soclty

has changed. and the
majonty 0f people Jeelthat thrs change is lorthe better [,4ore
Delore. and

t la,h

womef w;rkthai evr

s accepted ir western cuiture thal rnany vr'omer now hav

careers.

Nofetheless, in my opinion thre is still a qreat da

of sexual discrimlfation against
!\itf r 5ociery aro rfF oerioi .l-dr sF,La oq,a t) 1a\ bepl ac, -\Fo
rol
^omFr
a I0gemer accurale

T0 begin with, many women fiid it very dtlficull to rettrrn

to work aftf having
.
chrldren lhe main feason lor this is that thre aTe rariy
any provtsions Tnade fol
cnridcare n the workplace and, n these cases.

"Although the
position of
women in society today has
improved, there
is still a great
deal of sexual
discrimination.,,
Do you agree?

women are lorcd to

lrd

someone to look altr

ihe children while they are al work. Obvtorsy,

mrs can prove to be a ttme_consuming and
expensrve pTocss.

yetit must be done

iJ

- Was*t

mothers

ar to be able to resume their careefs.

Secondly, the traditional views oJ the position

oT womn with n society afe so
oeepty ifgraifd that they lrave
not rea y changed For in$tance,

fot only is the view that women should stay at

nome and look atter their lamlly stilt wdely hld, but
it is reintorced thro;gh
mages seef on television programmes and advertisements.
An example ot
lhis is thatJew men are ever seen doifO housework 0n letevsion.
rs

tradltiofaly thought of as

,,a

stnce thrs

woman s job,,.

Thirdly, since iam lies oJten need two incomes n

ordr to enjoy a
good standard of living, a woman finds
hersell doing two
.ob ore o. lone drd or p ri .l-p o rre. So, r cojd o; )ao
mata woman s posttion has. tn fact deter oated rather
than
improved, with the result that women carry the bLruefs
0r
quaity but get none ol the benefits
ln contrasl, there ale some people who claim hal the problm
0l sexuaidrscrm nation no longer exists. They point
out lhat women
d0, ajter a I, have legal ights intended to prolect them
from 0lscr m
nalion. Inaddilion,afewwomef arenowbeginnlngtorcachtopposi_
tions as iudoes, buslness leadeG and politicians, whE a numDer
0l othef previousy al-male profess ons are opening

their raiks
to womer Nonetheless, thes examp es arc not he norm
and
discnminatoi is slilvery mLch with us.

Taking lhese poinls into consideration, I wauro say

that the position of womn has improved only stighfly.
While rules and laws have changed, it is lhe deep,rooted
op nions

of people with n society which are takifg a

lonor llme to evolve. Needless lo say. unttt trse
atttldes have changed, sexuai disc mtnatof
will rcmain a problem which we all need to
tace and light against

11

]n mJ opinionlrie\ n' nJ nind. To ryi Nsr of thinking, I am .on'in

belieJ that,

I sm inclincd

rutssion ol
To list advantages and

One

the

ahantase

reiolts

to

It

strikes

ne th^t, It is nJ

fim

belioe that, It seems to tne thtlt, As lM as I am concemad, I think that the ec.,not11tc

dccatlc vas foweeabte.

ol

Anothet adwntase

oJ,

ed that,

One other

Thel e

adrdntage of, The yeatun atuantase oL

abantase

oJ:

Atufther atusntase ot,lhc nain

advsntage of ndins d nurorhik?

a hryt mthopolls it thal

.f n.t getlingcoughl in najor.onBennn.

One disabranbse oJ, Anothcr di.rabantase of, one othet disadwntase of, A

nain disatuantage .'f) Tht

is that al

To

ljit pojnt!:

Firsrb, First of aA, ht

dkan sntege of, me frst di'adwntnge

oJ

hit

in(

car in 4 larye ,neltopotn

the

fust place, Se.on

r,

Thirdb, Fntslbr, To st^rtlbagin vith, \|e hoe ta udrcss th(

vithin lfu clucation $ste,n befote ve .an ta.kb unenplolncnt fitllr.

nlrcilNNr\c l.irrrj Id sirrrlbegi nith, First ofa , tlt llane SeLradry .-ill nale an intmductory
CoNTINLING J?crndlJ,,4fdr thitltlnt, AJle a s, Then, Nen, the Pnne Ministerwi \Nak.
(

oJ; The

lindinga patkitigsta.e.

"unlequade\
To lisL points in

ercdlest

lafthet di\ahartaee

r)NcLLrrrNG

llhdi\M,

but not l@n, th( ChanttlLot

aJ

the Ei.hequet will anroun e the nev budgel.

Fwthe ndz, Arytfanthi\ldnt I"additiln(bkk),Mottowr,B.5i(b (dti'),... tut to

J.tct that \our

Not onbl i\

Fir'4lll l,aell Lsst

.ho

tou

.l ur(et

:e

is a lun

chaice af carccr a

lanental decision \|hnh

speech.

$iLL

ne

ion the

nlfluti':e the rclt al Yur ltfc.

lntumentul letLtion. but it is allo

one that

vill influente th( ftst ol \.ur

tifc.
Yom .haice of carcer is hoth

To retel to orher sourles:

llith rciteru

funrlamcntal

to, Accordine to thc

lclkion snd \oneihtg

ktest rient$. rcpoLh, the

se

that viLl nfluence thc rest af yur

ol tnobile phonet can

he

dtntging

lili

to one s

hcalth in the lonE run.

Ttu tnan tras acquitted of the inne

ruse.

ing to thc lact that, due to the Jad that, on the gounds thd\

nkft M!n] xry substantial efulence.

In ie'r ol |k&ute of , O iltg to the Ltck of subs t
snw,

as

nal er ien.e the nnn wat acquitted of the ctine

Theft ]/]ts a lack af subndntial eridente; lbr thk reason the han wds aLquitted.
acquitted.
Seeing that therc $a! a la(k of substa tql ernlen.e. the mM
"rts
|1at
Lane
to
lfut.
ta
be
rctiftd
no
that
lone
trv
erriente
The trun is
Therc trat a tudden deluse; thus, thercJorc, so, co'8equentl!' as a rcsuu' 4s d consequence, he sptinte.l honc

Dr

flight Mu not be icopanlized

tun bn.lt so 4s to I in o ertoaro jeopanli.zing the

ta the statm. the pikx d.cxletl to tum back. so that

Dut to thc stam,

Lhe

pilat de.ided

l)ue to the ttamt.

the

fubt drcid&1to tun backin me

lt

the t'light \\,as ic.,patdbed.

Thq purchnsed the ald nan'ion with tht Wtposelintention of .rDe'ing it into

(I 11 .Lu) hotel.

flMt

Natun !,

Indeed,

It

is a fuct that,

Clearb), Obriousb, Of coune, Needbss to sar, the schen( ||ot houid to fait

dlt

In elIe.t, h fact, As a utter ot' /Ac4 I'he fsct ol the naftt is (th.tt), Actuu r,
tt u k,lg td iad al tine trill senol\r\ itlctcast' th( in .t hcl tt diseate.

prsctice,

Indeed, vnoking ot
To e\press tlre diflL.cnL!
oeNeen appearancc

hitia r, At.frts\ nLu proponl Mt

riewetl with \utpitian but alter nuch dcliberuthn n Ms

fi rh a(cutkt

$d
For instance, I'ot elamplx,

e.ttablislling

lot..ute dntrct a.rcs!

thc tuunor, ||orkirS

notlc^

cun he

lnurodg.tl to rcstltnc thlit urees.

Bt pt^idiry uL.entM! sttch as,likn dd! carc. centres wrltury nathus ar o@utni<ett to rcsu]tu theit .aftLts.
I wondng non0t tltc 1o rcaumt lhei trDecrt then th. ptr^'i' ,] afrrcntij,c! panitutd r, in pa icuti\

utu.en

etpeci.tllJ tlor

ts i\ crsntiuL.

As a (genercl) .le, B! and lalAe, Cetvrull|,

lo nake partlall)

poirt,

Up to a

thk

is

nk

I1 is

cetdi't ertentl.l4gt?e,

o sone

but con4nne\ r,iLl uLtr()-s need hutnak

To the best of

1o srate othe. pcoflc

To a

h BuenL

popula

n| kno ledge, At f

as

On

the

hole, ounuics neam thc

elentidegree, In a scnse,

tuptt.t haw

o ||a!, To a limiteal

ene ,

nqrl.

I kroy, Cand\

Whatl

nk tu .st b

beli.,ed tha\ People oJlen clain thaL It is often a

eCed

that,

itding

So,ne

h L.nttot.

people aryue that,

tt4.mj aryue that, itlost peopbleelint, Sone pcople poitlt out that :,'cdltll triLlhtii,t hdppi css.
Contrury to populdr helief, r,eallh l.Lt iot rccessati, hrin'hrrypiv\t.

wll knov litt

^
but,ewn

ltng in ttu dtr is ltannl1 tD o c s hulth !et, hotferer, ne'ellhetess,

so, sti|, nonethebss, t bt ol pct)ptu t1ture h thc ciry crayfedrin Jeatch ol t) bc erfuture.
tl1dt

Although, F.ru. thorgh, Resa lcss ol tte Jact that, In spbe oJ the JaLt that, Despne the fu.t that, Whita u Ls u
trcll-kno"n ldcr thnl l\nq nt the.ir^ is ltntnlil to ane't health, ( tat afpeopte nore lo the.iq et\T yeat n
seatch

To cxprcss balance (the

ala

befter

Opponents of

Ilhile it

fua

".

uitry dniwh in (qvinenL\ aryuc, cloim,

is truc to sal that

gercti( engi @nry

fact it sh.uld be tlt||cd trirh

uttia

hal

belie-e thst

ttu kq to

ahenutir nethodt of tetljng

soh,ary

catl

aha!.\

nan! t)f thc vortrl \ \enous prcbtcn', in

Jad that a p"dt unbtr al unNe\iq gadntes .avtot find emptqrnent contntdicts the betieflided that u
un0c^itJt elu.dtia Ls the l.er to a erc.cttful cat"o
The

Neg:1Iive aclditi0ni

Neithet ynokitq nor onsuning too DlLt.h dlcahalar (on\xtercd healthr.

,Snoktng i-t not.r,tsidercd htuhhr: no\ neither is ro suning too nuch uttottot.

Snnki
To c\fre\s cxceptlon:

He

hal

it not considael lttLthr

Ltuctedet'ery

other vords,

dnA

.ollsuntinij tao m\ch al.ohat isn\. either.

edibn al the tnagazinc apart fron,

Ihat ir to sq,

To

but, e:rcept

(or) o

e.

put it atrcthet waJ, il \ou &Te norc.atrlitb Jau an,less tikdr tu hdtr att

To express sinilarily:

Btulhing

yur

keth tlailr k

fool &ntaining
To give an alternatjve:

To eqfess coldition:

ryar

lndaMntul

[ol gootl orul lryitnc:

sinila ],lliLevise'lin

the

sane a],

nat tutinE

bctween tneaL\ olso ptonotes oral hlSicne

Wc

rculd use (eithet) a chain sN ot tn ev.

vle

trlttl $e ,tn af,e.O

the othcr hand, Ahenutiveb, a

&lin+t1tt ttouli

he

'inPlu

and

faster

Hi\ fathct pronised tu bu\: hin a cat on the condition that, proritun (that), prot'iding (that), onb iI' ds long as
he passel hi! uams to e

to unirusLt.

In the ewnt of a .firc alam, In thc ewnt

tlt!1t,

Il a lrc dlatm

Ieaw

shott ld ring,

ht-

the neltre.st

ft e uit quickl\ antl

Take a ndp in &Le you be@me rliloientated.

Do )ou hanen to know wheth.r (ot not) this i-' thc nost tiirect routc?
You shauld cnl het otheflrise, or (el'e) she

To erprcss

co

parisoni

The

t)tue af unllL'yound titkas is 4ue

I'n

hopingto

get

pnid today;ifso'

Mt belt frietLd 6 as ntuIiSent

wi

stdn tu he&ne vonied

iYrcdst again;

conse.que

bc going out tonryhl. if not,

as, more

tb, then,

othe

ise'

so'

it'

intelliKnt than, twice ss intelli+ent as'

in

hich c^se,

be another nighl nt

less

fiI

stat

ftont

ittte i\ent thdn tne

Fina J, Lastb, AII in all, lbkine ewrything into acc.itntlconsiderano On thc whole' A things coL'idercd.
'
In a'n t sion, On hatnnce, For the ahow nentioned reasons, Thcrelorc I feel that' To flm up' tl k unLikelJ
that

therc\|i bepcarc

Prcss the

tht countiat of th!

button $hen, whe'we\ belore, unfl'

va

ti

concurcntr'

ailer the liqht t.,ncs on

ltr, t.pnrp,rtl ttn(pt\inccl,^ i tt"I

lha\
tu

alL

sa',i, het as he

mt leaing

the

'haP.

He sdtr

her

hile he Nat woiting

I nevr s!! hin now that hi\ hourc haw chante.l.

Relatirsi

h wa\ thosc peaple orer there vholthat ditl it.

That's the \|ittess

tose

tesinant

tri

be heahl luter on toddJ

That's the jtkLge vholthnt hilL adjudi,::att

Thal's

*e kwourt

'lhat\

thc wotnan whol\rhonlthat I think \')(Is rcspotlsihle

herc Jou wiU bc l|ied.

I am vriting ta adise !-au

I an

Summarising:

wff danfl

tr

shon,

aJ a

nceting

nga

ing, coMening the uponing

ting vith resped lrcgsn rcfqence to, itt rcga lbefercnce to

eJIr, To

put it bieflr,

hi.t

rtontance

aw

J.ut tLcent,

on stage tros Jahtanicl

prctentutian ceremary'
published

ai iclc on