SECTION 261210

OIL-TYPE DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMER

PART 1 - GENERAL
1.1

GENERAL
A.

Codes and standards: The equipment will be designed, manufactured and

tested in compliance with the latest IEC standards and specially the following
codes and standards:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

B.

IEC 60076
Power transformers
IEC 60296
Specification for New Insulating Oils for Transformers
IEC 60076-10 Measurement of transformer and reactor sound level
IEC 60137
Bushings for alternating voltages above 1kV
IEC 60076-7 Loading guide for oil-immersed Transformers

Preference of codes and standards: In case of conflict between this

specification and any of the referenced codes and standards, the following
order of preference shall apply:
1.
2.
3.

This specification
Referenced codes and standards
Acceptable alternative codes and standards

C.

Qualifications of vendors: The transformer(s) subject to this specification shall

be manufactured by an organization with proven experience of manufacturing
Oil immersed transformers for at least fifteen years. Main transformer parts
shall be manufactured by the said company. Main transformer parts are: core,
HV winding and LV winding, tank with corrugated cooling fins. Companies
not having their own manufacturing of these items will not be considered.

D.

Service conditions: Service conditions shall be as follows:

1.
2.
3.

E.

Altitude: Maximum 1000 meters above sea level.

Maximum ambient temperature:
Never over 50 C and never below -25 C.

In addition, an ambient air temperature never exceeding:

1.
2.

40C average in any one day.

30C average in any one year.

Note: Other environmental conditions may be accepted under request

F.

Rated Voltage of Transformers: The characteristics of the purchasers are as

follows:
Rated service voltage:

HV: 13.8 kV OR 33 kV
LV: 400 V OR 231 V at no load

Number of phases:
Frequency:

3
60 Hz

Project No. JE-0924

Manarat Al Maarifa

Volume II

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SECTION 261210
G.

OIL-TYPE DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMER

Documentation
1.

With the commercial offer the bidder shall send the following
documents:
a.
b.

2.

Technical datasheet
Product Catalogue

After receipt of Purchase Order, the supplier shall submit to the owner
the following documents for approval.
a.

Outline transformer drawing showing position of fittings and

attachments
Details of HV & LV terminals
Rating plate drawing
Catalogues / Drawings of accessories
Operation and maintenance manual for transformers

b.
c.
d.
e.
PART 2 - PRODUCTS
2.1

DESIGN AND CONTRUCTION

A.

Rated power: The transformer shall be designed so that they can deliver
continuously its rated current under steady loading conditions without
exceeding their temperature rise, assuming that the applied voltage is equal to
the rated voltage and that the supply is at rated frequency.

B.

Cooling: Cooling shall be by natural circulation of oil internal to the

transformer and external air i.e. ONAN.

C.

Transformer Oil
1.

2.

Transformers shall be supplied initially filled of uninhibited

transformer Mineral oil complying with latest revision of IEC 60296.
The oil must be virgin. Use of recycled or used oil is strictly
prohibited.
Oil shall be procured only from manufacturers of international repute
like Nynas, Ergon. The following documents shall be submitted during
inspection.
a.
b.

D.

Bill of Lading
Manufacturers test certificates

Core assembly
1.

Project No. JE-0924

Manarat Al Maarifa

The core shall be constructed of the best quality, low loss, CRGO (cold
rolled, grain oriented) electrical steel laminations insulated on both
sides. The grade of electrical steel shall be at least M4 or better.
Following documents for electrical steel to be submitted during
inspection :

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OIL-TYPE DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMER

a.

2.
3.
4.
E.

Manufacturers test certificates

CRGO material must be new & PRIME Grade. Second grade or used
CRGO material is not acceptable.
Laminations shall be step lap overlapped to minimise core losses and
noise.
The assembled core shall be braced in suitable steel frames that make
up the base-frame and lifting facilities for complete transformer.

Windings: Windings shall be of high conductivity conductors of best quality,

copper. The transformer shall have separate high voltage and low voltage
windings. The insulation system of the windings shall consist of approved
materials for assigned temperature class. The insulation level of the windings
shall comply with the stated table:
Highest voltage for Rated short duration power
equipment Um
frequency
withstand
kV (rms)
voltage
kV (rms)
< 1.1
3
17.5
38
36
70

1.

High Voltage Bushings

1)

2)

F.

Bushings shall generally comply with the requirements

of IEC Standard 60137. The High Voltage Bushings
shall be labeled U, V, W by using indelible black color
paint. Phase identification by adhesive stickers is not
acceptable.
High Voltage bushings shall be mounted on top cover.

Low voltage windings

a.
b.

3.

95
170

High voltage windings: HV windings shall be made of either enameled

or paper covered copper conductors.
a.

2.

Rated lightning impulse

withstand voltage
kV (peak)

LV windings of voltages below 1 kV shall be made copper foil.

LV windings of voltages above 1 kV shall be made of round or
rectangular paper covered copper conductors.

Low Voltage Bushings / terminals: The low voltage leads of all

transformers shall be brought out on top cover of transformer tank
inside a cable box (Cable box not applicable if the transformer is a part
of a Compact Substation). The LV Bushings shall be connected to
conductors / cables by means of cable lugs.

Short circuit withstanding: The transformer shall be capable of

withstanding, on any position of tap changer, for two seconds (IEC value = 2

Project No. JE-0924

Manarat Al Maarifa

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SECTION 261210

OIL-TYPE DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMER

s), without damage, under service conditions, the thermal and mechanical
effects of a short circuit at the terminals of any winding in line with IEC
60076-5.
G.

Tap changer: Transformer shall be fitted with a lockable 5 positions, manual,

off-circuit tap changer having the following taps:
Tap No. 1
Tap No. 2
Tap No. 3
Tap No. 4
Tap No. 5

+5%
+2 %
0%
-2 %
-5%

of rated voltage
of rated voltage
of rated voltage
of rated voltage
of rated voltage

H.

Vector Group: Unless otherwise specified, the transformer shall be connected

delta-star in accordance with vector group reference Dyn 11.

I.

Impedance Voltage: The impedance voltage at normal tap shall be 4% for

transformers up to 300kVA, 5% for 500kVA, 6% for transformers greater than
500 kVA up to 2500 kVA and 7% for transformers greater than 2500 kVA.

J.

Temperature Rise: At the rated power, the transformers shall comply with the
following maximum temperature rises:
Top Oil
50 C Max.
Winding
55 C Max.
Accordingly, Hot Spot temperature shall not exceed 98 C.

K.

Noise level: Noise level shall be in accordance to the NEMA-TR1 standards.

L.

Earthing
1.

2.

M.

Earthing terminal: Provision shall be made to connect external earthing

at position close to the bottom the tank at two points. Earthing terminal
shall be adequately dimensioned to receive the external earthing
conductor/strip.
Internal earthing arrangement: All metal parts of the transformer with
the exception of the individual core laminations core bolts and
associated individual clamping plates shall be maintained at some fixed
potential. The bottom main core clamping structure shall be connected
to tank by copper cable.

Accessories: The transformers shall be equipped with all the accessories

deemed necessary for proper operation by the manufacturer plus the ones
specified in the specification. Additional available accessories shall be quoted
as options.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Project No. JE-0924

Manarat Al Maarifa

Dial type thermometer with Alarm & Trip contacts

Pressure Relief Device
Oil level Indicator
Lifting lugs
Oil drain device with sampling facility
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SECTION 261210
6.
7.
N.

OIL-TYPE DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMER

Bi-directional rollers
Rating & diagram plate

Rating plate: Transformer shall have a rating plate of weatherproof steel

material placed in a clear position. Nameplate information as called for by IEC
standards shall be provided. This includes:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.

Type of transformer
IEC codes must be stated
Manufacturers name
Serial number
Year of Manufacture
Insulation Level
Number of phases
Rated power
Rated frequency
Rated voltage
Rated currents
Vector Group
Impedance voltage at rated current
Type of Cooling
Total Mass
Temperature rise of oil & winding

PART 3 - EXECUTION
3.1

Tank
A.

Tank Fabrication
1.

Transformer tanks shall be corrugated type and made of mild steel

material.
a.
b.

c.
2.
3.

Project No. JE-0924

Manarat Al Maarifa

All fins or corrugations that are welded to the tank shall be

externally welded.
Top cover shall be bolted type and fitted with neoprene cork
seals suitable for temperatures as specified in this specification.
The cover shall be in such a design and construction as to
prevent the ingress of moisture and accumulation of rainwater.
Tanks shall be tested at different stages to ensure that there is
no leakage. The criterion of testing shall be as under :

Penetrant shall be applied on all welding joints and then the joints shall
be tested for any leakage by UV (Ultra Violet) rays.
Ready assembled transformers after oil filling shall be applied 1.25
times normal operating pressure and internal pressure shall be observed
for at least 2 hours. If there should not be any pressure drop during 2
hours, the tank can be assumed leak proof.

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SECTION 261210
B.

OIL-TYPE DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMER

Tank corrosion protection and finish

1.

The procedure be stated shall be applicable to the metallic parts of the

transformer and tank.
a.
b.

c.

d.

e.
f.
C.

Painting System Evaluation: The manufacturer to submit the following test

certificate as an evidence of quality and reliability of their surface treatment
procedure.
1.
2.

3.2

The exterior surfaces shall be sandblasted.

Iron phosphate process shall be carried out on exterior surfaces
in order to make it chemically passive, and particularly meet
surface treatment requirement of transformers located in heavy
exposed environment regarded to corrosion.
An Epoxy powder type shall be used and color shall be RAL
7033, cement grey. Thickness of coating should be 0.07 to 0.08
mm.
Powder system to be used keeping in view that it contains no
solvents and therefore results in a very dense and homogeneous
surface. Besides, the powder system gives good adhesion to the
surface, good covering of sharp edges and corners and good
resistance to mechanical stresses.
The powder to be cured in a heating cabin at around 200 C.
Inside the transformer, i.e. on oil side, no treatment is required.

A 1000 hour salt spray (fog) test according to ASTM B-117 and
evaluated according to ASTM D-1654, Procedure A & B.
Adhesion test according to ASTM D-3359, Method B.

Testing
A.

Routine tests
1.
2.

The transformers are subject to inspection during their manufacture.

Routing test of each transformer shall be according to IEC60076
The following routine tests shall be carried out.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.

B.

Measurement of windings resistance

Measurement of the turns ratio and vector group
Measurement of impedance voltage and load loss
Measurement of no load loss and no load current
Separate source voltage withstand test on HV & LV windings
Induced voltage dielectric test
Oil leakage test, to be carried out by applying 1.25 times
normal operating pressure at least for 2 hours.

Type and special tests: Type or special tests may be available under request,
subject to prior agreement of the supplier:
1.

Project No. JE-0924

Manarat Al Maarifa

Temperature rise test.

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SECTION 261210
2.
3.
3.3

OIL-TYPE DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMER

Lightning impulse test.
Noise level test.

Inspection
A.

The purchaser may wish to witness tests or visit factory during manufacture of
any or all items covered in this specification. Accordingly, the supplier shall
give advance notice to the Purchaser of the manufacturing and test schedule.

END OF SECTION 261210

Project No. JE-0924

Manarat Al Maarifa

Volume II

261210-7