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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_cellulitis
Orbital cellulitis
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Orbital cellulitis
/classifications/icd10/browse
Contents
/2015/en#/H05.0)
ICD-9
H05.0 (http://apps.who.int
376.01 (http://www.icd9data.com
/getICD9Code.ashx?icd9=376.01)
DiseasesDB 9249
3 Treatment
(http://www.diseasesdatabase.com
4 Prognosis
/ddb9249.htm)
6 Complications
7 References
8 External links
/001012.htm)
eMedicine
article/1217858
(http://emedicine.medscape.com
/article/1217858-overview)
MeSH
D054517 (https://www.nlm.nih.gov
/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&
term=D054517)
Causes
Orbital cellulitis occurs commonly from bacterial infection spread via the paranasal sinuses. Other ways
in which orbital cellulitis may occur is from infection in the blood stream or from an eyelid skin
infection. Upper respiratory infection, sinusitis, trauma to the eye, ocular or periocular infection and
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Treatment
Immediate treatment is very important for someone with orbital cellulitis. Treatment typically involves
intravenous (IV) antibiotics in the hospital and frequent observation (every 4-6 hours). Along with this
several laboratory tests are run including a complete blood count, differential, and blood culture.
Antibiotic Therapy - Since orbital cellulitis is commonly caused by Staphylococcus and
Streptococcus species both penicillins and cephalosporins are typically the best choices for IV
antibiotics. However, due to the increasing rise of MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus
aureus) orbital cellulitis can also be treated with Vancomycin, Clindamycin, or Doxycycline. If
improvement is noted after 48 hours of IV antibiotics, healthcare professions can then consider
switching a patient to oral antibiotics (which must be used for 2-3 weeks).
Surgical Intervention - An abscess can threaten the vision or neurological status of a patient with
orbital cellulitis, therefore sometimes surgical intervention is necessary. Surgery typically requires
drainage of the sinuses and if a subperiosteal abscess is present in the medial orbit, drainage can
be performed endoscopically. Post-operatively, patients must follow up regularly with their
surgeon and remain under close observation.
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Prognosis
Although orbital cellulitis is considered an ophthalmic emergency the prognosis is good if prompt
medical treatment is received.
Complications
Complications include hearing loss, blood infection, meningitis, cavernous sinus thrombosis, and optic
nerve damage (which could lead to blindness).
References
Nageswaran, Savithri; Woods, Charles R.; Benjamin, Daniel K.; Givner, Laurence B.; Shetty,
Avinash K. (1 August 2006). "Orbital Cellulitis in Children". The Pediatric Infectious Disease
Journal 25 (8): 695699. doi:10.1097/01.inf.0000227820.36036.f1 (https://dx.doi.org
/10.1097%2F01.inf.0000227820.36036.f1). PMID 16874168 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
/pubmed/16874168).
Howe L, Jones N (2004). "Guidelines for the management of periorbital cellulitis/abscess". Clin
Otolaryngol Allied Sci 29 (6): 7258. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2273.2004.00889.x (https://dx.doi.org
/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2273.2004.00889.x). PMID 15533168 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed
/15533168).
Garcia GH, Harris GJ (2000). "Criteria for nonsurgical management of subperiosteal abscess of
the orbit: analysis of outcomes". Ophthalmology 107 (8). doi:10.1016/S0161-6420(00)00242-6
(https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2FS0161-6420%2800%2900242-6).
Ferguson MP, McNabb AA (1999). "Current treatment and outcome in orbital cellulitis".
Australian and New Zealand Journal of Ophthalmology 27 (6): 375379.
doi:10.1046/j.1440-1606.1999.00242.x (https://dx.doi.org
/10.1046%2Fj.1440-1606.1999.00242.x). PMID 10641894 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
/pubmed/10641894).
Noel LP, Clarke WN, MacDonald N (1990). "Clinical management of orbital cellulitis in
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External links
University of Toronto (http://eyelearn.med.utoronto.ca/Lectures05-06/RedEye/05Orbit.htm)
MedlinePlus (http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001012.htm).
Merck Manual (http://www.merck.com/mmpe/sec09/ch108/ch108d.html).
Handbook of Ocular Disease Management (http://www.revoptom.com/handbook/SECT7g.HTM).
Orbital Cellulitis Photos and Medical Notes Case Study and discussion of misdiagnosis by four
hospitals for the same patient (http://www.eyeinfectionphotos.com).
American Academy of Ophthamology (http://www.aao.org/theeyeshaveit/red-eye/orbitalcellulitis.cfm)
Death Rates for Orbital Cellulitis (http://www.springerlink.com/content/qq1x737u71588j31/)
Pub Med Health - Orbital Cellulitis (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002007/)
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Orbital_cellulitis&oldid=652761157"
Categories: Bacterial diseases Disorders of eyelid, lacrimal system and orbit
This page was last modified on 20 March 2015, at 17:46.
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