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Can a business case be made for acting sustainably? This is a difficult question to answer
precisely, largely because there is no generally accepted definition of the term
"sustainability". Is it acting sustainably to protect the human rights of the firm's workforce?
To invest in education in local communities? To switch to renewable power? All of these
actions might improve social welfare, and some of them might improve profitability but they
are very different, and the business case for each of them is similarly likely to look quite
different. Here begin to explore the issue by focusing on a more limited question, namely
whether a business case be made for acting in an environmentally sustainable way, which
define as acting in any way that reduce a firm's environmental footprint.
An accumulating body of research suggests that reducing the environmental impact of the
private sector is likely to have significant social returns. Reducing the use of fossil fuel based
energy and hence of CO2 emissions reduces the risk of climate change, for example, and
using fewer raw materials and adopting more sustainable fishing or practices reduces
pressure on the worlds eco-systems. However it is not immediately clear that these kinds of
actions are likely to yield significant private returns.
Understanding the mechanisms through which the brain represents the body is one of
the most challenging issues of neuroscience in the recent years. Our body is, in fact, a
special subject of investigation since the ways in which we deal with it are numerous:
touch, vision, proprioception, motor behavior, semantic comprehension, emotions
and feelings. So, we receive more information on our body than on any other objects,
and unlike other physical objects, the different experiences through that we deal with
our body explain the wide ranges of body representation alterations following brain
injury among these disorders, clinical neuropsychology distinguishes between body
parts localization and body awareness.
The case of FP affected by personal and extrapersonal neglect and a body
representation deficit characterized by delusional ideas. When FP performed the
human figure, he placed body parts to the left, despite his extrapersonal neglect.
Differently, when he performed the car figure he placed all parts to the right, in line
with his deficit. Comparing FP with a small patient group with the same clinical
features without delusional ideas about body emerged that he was the only one to
suffer from a specific body representation deficit characterized by a lack of body
ownership sense.
This paper examines the determinants of a multinational enterprises (MNEs) decision to set
up tax haven subsidiaries. They adapt the firm-specific advantagecountry-specific
advantage (FSACSA) framework and construct a number of empirically testable
hypotheses. The analysis is based on a database covering 14,209 MNEs in twelve OECD
countries. They found that the variety of capitalism of a MNEs home location and the level
of technological intensity has a strong impact on this decision. They also found that the home
country corporate tax rate has a minimal impact. This study suggests that corporate tax
liberalization is unlikely to deter MNEs from undertaking this activity.
There is no doubt that globalization has increased the spread and mobility of MNEs. It is
clear that governments across the OECD fear the role that tax havens may play in eroding the
corporate tax base. Tax competition across countries and the lowering of domestic tax rates
has certainly had a competitive effect in attracting foreign inward investment. Furthermore,
these results indicate that the utilization of tax haven subsidiaries is likely to become even
more widespread in the future. They found that MNEs from the high technology
manufacturing and services sectors with high levels of intangible assets are more likely to
have tax haven presence.
more responsibility for their end-of-life products, driven by customer demand and cost
efficiencies. This article explores various forms of take-back regulation and highlights some
of the key features of the institutions that emerge in response. In addition, six strategic
product recovery alternatives are presented, followed by a discussion of some factors
managers should consider in developing a take-back strategy.
Evaluating Risky Individual Behavior during Epidemics Using Mobile Network Data
Authors:Antonio Lima, VeljkoPejovic, Luca Rossi, MircoMusolesi, Marta Gonzalez
Published: 10October2015
In this paper they have proposed Progmosis, an approach to disease prevention and
containment that goes beyond traditional epidemic modeling and contact tracing, and
leverages behavioral data generated by mobile carrier networks to evaluate contagion risk on
a per-user basis. The individual risk represents the loss incurred by not isolating or treating a
specific person, both in terms of how likely it is for this person to spread the disease as well
as how many secondary infections it will cause. They have developed and released an opensource tool that calculates this risk based on cellular network events; also they have
simulated a realistic epidemic scenario, based on an Ebola virus outbreak. They found that
gradually restricting the mobility of a subset of individuals, selected using Prognosis greatly
reduces the number of infected people, compared to a random choice.
This study focuses on a theoretical model and not on its actual translation into a real-world
system. While computer-based simulations show promising results, they are obtained under
specific assumptions; real-world constraints and challenges might greatly affect the
effectiveness of that model. It is worth remarking that simulations were performed using data
of a country that is currently Ebola-free according to WHO. Finally, they also stress the fact
that this work has been commissioned neither by Orange nor by any other organization for
preparation to a real-world disease outbreak.
constraints. The results are further confirmed using an instrumental variables and a simultaneous
equations approach. Finally, they are show that the relation is driven by both the social and the
environmental dimension of CSR.