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Chapter 3 Social
Development
Contexts
and
Socioemotional
Contemporary Theories
1.)Bronfenbrenners Ecological Theory
a.) Focuses on the social contexts in which people live and the people
who influence their development.
b.) Explain
how
environmental
systems
influence
childrens
development.
c.) 5 environment systems that include micro and macro inputs were
described:
i.)
Microsystem: Direct interactions with parents, teachers,
peers, and
others.
ii.)
Mesosystem: Linkages between microsystems such as
family and school,
and relationships between students and peers.
iii.)
Exosystem: Experiences in settings in which a child does
not have an
active role influence the childs experiences.
iv.)
Macrosystem: The broader culture in which students and
teachers live.
v.)
Chronosystem: The sociohistorical conditions of a students
development.
d.) Lacks attention to biological and cognitive factors and does not
address step by step development.
ii.)
iii.)
iv.)
Socialemotional Development
1.)The Self
a.) Self-concept is a cognitive appraisal of our social, physical, and
academic competence.
b.) Self-esteem is the affective or emotional reaction to ones selfconcept.
- Also referred as self-worth or self-image
c.) 4 keys to increasing students self-esteem
i.)
Identify causes of low self-esteem and areas of competence
important to the
Self.
ii.)
Provide emotional support and social approval
iii.)
Help children achieve
iv.)
Develop coping skills
d.) Marcia proposed that adolescents one of four identity statuses.
Based on the extent to which they have explored and whether they
have made a commitment.
i.)
Identity Achievement
ii.)
Identity Closure
iii.)
Identity Moratorium
iv.)
Identity Diffusion
e.) Ethnic Identity is an important dimension of identity for ethnic
minority students.
f.) Positive ethnic identity will lead higher school engagement, lower
aggression
2.)Moral Development
a.) Concerns rules and conventions about just interactions between
people.
b.) Kohlberg developed a provocative theory of moral reasoning which
consist of 3 levels.
i.)
Preconventional - Moral reasoning is controlled by external
rewards
and punishments
5
ii.)
iii.)