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STD. XI Sci.
Triumph Physics
Based on Maharashtra Board Syllabus
Salient Features
Exhaustive subtopic wise coverage of MCQs
Important formulae provided in each chapter
Hints included for relevant questions
Various competitive exam questions updated till the latest year
Includes solved MCQs from JEE (Main), AIPMT, CET 2014
Evaluation test provided at the end of each chapter
No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, C.D.
ROM/Audio
Video
Cassettes
or
electronic,
mechanical
including photocopying; recording or by any information storage and retrieval system
without permission in writing from the Publisher.
TEID : 770
Preface
Std. XI: Sci. Triumph Physics is a complete and thorough guide to prepare
students for a competitive level examination. The book will not only assist students with MCQs
of Std. XI but will also help them to prepare for JEE, AIPMT, CET and various other
competitive examinations.
The content of this book is based on the Maharashtra State Board Syllabus. Formulae
that
form
a
vital
part
of
MCQ solving are provided in each chapter. Notes provide important information about the
topic.
Shortcuts
provide
easy and less tedious solving methods. Mindbenders have been introduced to bridge the gap
between
a
text
book
topic and the students understanding of the same. A quick reference to the notes, shortcuts and
mindbenders
has
been
provided wherever possible.
MCQs in each chapter are divided into three sections:
Classical Thinking: consists of straight forward questions including
knowledge based questions. Critical Thinking: consists of questions that
require some understanding of the concept.
Competitive Thinking: consists of questions from various competitive examinations like JEE,
AIPMT, CET, CPMT etc.
Hints have been provided to the MCQs which are broken down to the simplest form
possible.
An Evaluation Test has been provided at the end of each chapter to assess the level
of preparation of the student on a competitive level.
An additional feature of pictorial representation of a topic is added to give the
student a glimpse of various interesting physics concept.
The journey to create a complete book is strewn with triumphs, failures and near
misses. If you think weve nearly missed something or want to applaud us for our triumphs,
wed love to hear from you.
Please write to us on : mail@targetpublications.org
Sr. No.
1
Topic Name
Page No.
Measurements
1
2
3
28
55
4
5
Force
Friction in Solids and Liquids
91
126
6
7
Sound Waves
Thermal Expansion
161
184
8
9
Refraction of Light
Ray Optics
218
256
10
11
Electrostatics
Current Electricity
284
323
12
13
356
382
14
Electromagnetic Waves
403
Target
Chapter
01: Measurements
0
1
Measurements
Syllabus
Measuring the radius
of the Earth
1.0
Introduction
1.1
1.2
Units of measurements
1.3
System of units
1.4
S.I Units
1.5
units
1.6
Dimensional analysis
1.7
and
Order
of
magnitude
significant figures
1.8
Accuracy and
in
measurements
errors
Target
Std. XI :
Triumph Physics
Formulae
Notes
1.
1.
Units are classified mainly into
two groups.
i.
Fundamental units:
These
are
independent of other
units.
The
seven
fundamental
quantities
and their units
are given below.
Fundamental Quantity
S.I Unit
units
3.
L M T
1
1
n
=
kelvin
L 2 M 2 T 2
4.
Length
1
n
second (s)
(K)
ai
=
1
n
i=1
If x
=xm
x
x
7.
x2 ,
mx
= 1 +
nx
x
1
Absolute error:
Temperature
Electric current
Mass
kilogram (kg)
Time
metre (m)
ampere (A)
Luminous intensity
candela (cd)
Amount of substance
mole (mol)
Supplementary
S.I. Unit
Plane angle
radian (rad)
Solid angle
steradian (sr)
ii.
Derived units: These units
depend upon
Average
value
8.
9.
Measured value | an | = |
am an |
Mean absolute error:
a1 + a 2 + ... + a n
1
| am | =
ai
=
n
n
Relative (fractional) error:
a
Time
Thus its unit is m/s. It
means that unit of speed
depends
upon
the
fundamental
unit
of
length and time.
i=1
2.
a
10. Percentage
error:
Practical units
Abbreviation
S.I. unit
1 Angstrom
1 Micron
m/
nm
1 Nanometer
1 Light year
ly
1 Astronomical unit AU
1 Atomic mass unit
a.m.u./u
1 Torr
T
2
1010 m
106 m
109 m
9.46 1015 m
1.496 1011 m
1.66 1027 kg
s=
1 mm of Hg
Basis
Parallactic
angle
R
=
Target
Chapter
01: Measurements
ii.
to find the size of an
astronomical object.
D
A
then
the
a is
b
s
O
EARTH
Linear diameter = distance
angular
diameter
D =s
3.
To determine dimensions of
a physical
quantity,
the
unit
of
fundamental quantities are
represented
by
L
for
length, M for mass, T for
time, K for temperature, I
or A for current, C for
luminous intensity and mol
for amount of substance.
4.
Percentage error in different
cases:
i.
If the error in a is a,
then the
a
percentage error in a =
100
a
ii.
If the error in a is a,
then the
a
percentage error in an =
n
100
b
a
+ 100
Mindbenders
1.
are
Examples
of
dimensionless
quantities: Strain, specific gravity,
relative density, angle, solid angle,
poissons ratio, relative permittivity,
Reynolds
number,
all
the
trigonometric ratios, refractive index,
dielectric
constant,
magnetic
susceptibility etc.
2.
any
3.
is a
4.
In the formula,
+
a
b
1
0
0
Formula
Distance
Time
Unit
1
ms
Dimension
[M0L1T1]
Acceleration
Changein velocity
Time
m s2
[M0L1T2]
Force
Mass Acceleration
N (newton)
[M1L1T2]
Pressure
Force
Area
N m2
[M1L1T2]
Density
Work
Mass
kg m3
Volume
joule
Force distance
[M1L3T0]
[M1L1T2] [L1]= [M1L2T2]
3
Target
Std. XI :
Triumph Physics
Force distance
Energy
Power
Work
Time
joule
watt
Momentum
Mass Velocity
Impulse
Force Time
[M1L1T1]
kg m s1
Ns
[M1L1T1]
= r F
Nm
Temperature (T)
-[M0L0T01]
kelvin
[M1L1T2] [L]=
[M1L2T2]
Heat (Q)
Energy
joule
Torque
Q
m
joule/kg K
[M1L2T2]
[M0L2T-2-1]
Thermal capacity
Latent heat (L)
-heat ()
mass (m)
joule/K
joule/kg
PV
T
R
, N = Avogadro
N
number
joule/mol K
joule/K
[M1L2T-2-1]
[M0L2T-2]
[M1L2T-2-1]
[M1L2T-2-1]
From
Q
T
Coefficient of thermal
= KA
t
x
conductivity (K)
Qx 1
K=
t T A
Stefan's constant ()
=
E
T
joule/m s K
watt/m2 K4
[M1L1T-3-1]
[M1L0T-3 -4]
b = Nm T
Energy(E
)
Frequency
(F)
Coefficient of linear
Expansion ()
Mechanical
-equivalent of
Heat(J)
--
mK
joule s
[M0L1T01]
[M1L2T-1]
kelvin-1
joule/calorie
[M0L0T0-1]
[M0L0T0]
Current Time
=
charge
area
[M0L0T1A1]
coulomb
2
coulomb metre
[M0L-2T1A1]
Work
Charge
Intensity of electric
field (E)
Force
Charge
ampere
ampere/m2
[M0L0T0A1]
[M0L-
joule/ coulomb
[M1L2T-3A-1]
volt/metre, newton/coulomb
[M1L1T-3A-1]
Target
Chapter
01: Measurements
P.D.
Current
Resistance (R)
Conductance
1
R
Resistivity or
Specific resistance
()
Conductivity () 1
volt/ampere or ohm
ohm1
Ra
l
[M1L2T-3 A-2]
[M-1L-2T3A2]
ohm metre
ohm1metre1
[M1L3T-3 A-2]
[M-1L-3T3A2]
Electric dipole
moment (p)
q(2a)
Permittivity of free
space (0)
[M0L1T1A1]
coulomb metre
coulomb
=
4
Fr
[M-1L-3T4A2]
newton metre
Dielectric constant
(K)
Capacitance (C)
K=
Unitless
[M0L0T0]
Charge
P.D.
(w / q)dt
Coefficient of self
induction (L)
L=
Coefficient of mutual
inductance (M)
edt
dI
Magnetic flux ()
d =
ampere
ohm-second
dI
wdt
[M1L2T2A2]
[M1L2T-2 A-1]
[M1L0T-2 A-1]
joule
ampere
qv
metre
Magnetic intensity
H=
(H)
Magnetic
M = IA
dipole
moment (M)
volt
second
or
2
met
re
te
sl
a
Idl
ampere/ metre
[M0L-1T0 A1]
ampere metre2
newton
2
0 =
4rFr
mm
1
2
Rydberg constant
2
(R)
mk
[M1L2T-2 A-2]
volt-second or weber
Magnetic
induction
(B)
Permeability of free
space (0)
or henry or
henry
newt
or
on
ampere
or
metre
B=
[M-1L-2T4A2]
[M0L2T0A1]
or
joule
2
ampere
ampere metre
volt second
or
or
ampere metre
ohmsecond
henry
or
metre
metre
[M1L1T-2 A-2]
2 4
m1
[M0L-1T0]
ch
5
Target
Std. XI :
Triumph Physics
T-2]
[M1L1T-1]
[M0L1T-2]
[M1L1T-2]
[M1L2T-1]
[M1L0T-2]
[M0L0T0]
[M0L2T-2]
[ML2T-2-1]
[M L T ]
0
[M0L0T1]
capacitance
Quantity
Frequency, angular frequency, angular velocity, velocity gradient
and decay constant
Work, internal energy, potential energy, kinetic energy, torque,
moment
of
force
Pressure, stress, Youngs modulus, bulk modulus, modulus of rigidity,
energy
density
Momentum, impulse
Acceleration due to gravity, gravitational
field intensity Thrust, force, weight, energy
gradient
Angular momentum and Plancks constant
Surface tension, Surface energy (energy per unit area), spring constant
Strain, refractive index, relative density, angle, solid angle, distance
gradient, relative permittivity (dielectric constant), relative
permeability etc.
Latent heat and gravitational potential
Thermal capacity, gas constant, Boltzmann constant and entropy
l / g , m / k , R / g , where l = length
g = acceleration due to gravity, m = mass, k = spring constant,
R = Radius of earth
L/R, LC , RC where L = inductance, R = resistance, C =
I
2
[ML2T-2]
capacitance,
R
t
,
t, VIt, qV, LI ,
2
, CV2
R
C
where I = current, t = time, q = charge, L = inductance, C =
R = resistance
iii.
Density:
1 kg/m3 = 103 g/cm3 or
1 g/cm3 = 103 kg/m3.
Coefficient of viscosity:
SI units is decapoise (N
s/m2) and CGS unit is
poise.
1 poise = 101 decapoise or
1 decapoise = 10 poise.
iv.
Magnetic induction:
S I unit is tesla (Wb/m 2)
and CGS unit is Gauss.
1 gauss = 104 tesla or
To express large or small
magnitudes
following prefixes are used:
Power of 10
10
18
Prefix
Symbol
exa
E
P
T
G
106
mega
10
kilo
1 tesla = 104 gauss.
Magnetic flux:
SI unit is weber and CGS
unit is maxwell.
1 Wb = 108 maxwell or
1 maxwell = 108 Wb.
deci
d
centi
c
101
peta
tera
giga
hecta
h
deca
da
10
10
1012
109
15
v.
102
102
103
milli
m
106
109
micro
nano
10
1015
pico
femto
p
f
1018
atto
12
Target
Chapter
01: Measurements
is
Classical Thinking
1.0 Introduction
1.
The atomic, molecular and nuclear
phenomena
are the parts of ______ domain.
(A) macroscopic
(B) microscopic
(C) megascopic
(D) electroscopic
2.
3.
4.
_______ is needed for the
experimental
verification of various theories.
(A) Unit
(B) Symbol
(C) Instrument
(D) Measurement
1.2 Units of measurements
5.
the
6.
a
7.
8.
known as _______.
(A) supplementary units
(B) system of units
(C) complementary units
(D) metric units
9.
The physical quantity having the
same unit in
all the systems of unit is _______.
(A) length
(B) time
(C) mass
(D) foot
of writing units?
(A) 25 ms length
(C) 5 Newton
30 Kg
10 N
(B)
(D)
12.
Out of the following units, which is NOT a 18. Which of the following represents a
fundamental unit?
unified
(A) newton
(B) second
atomic mass unit (1u)?
(C) pound
(D) kg
(A) 8.333 101 of the mass of an
13.
atom of
12
C in kg
(B) 0.8333 101 of the mass of an
atom of
12
C in g
(C) 8.333 101 of the mass of an
atom of
12
C in g
(D) 0.8333 101 of the mass of an
atom of
12
C in kg
7
Target
Std. XI :
Triumph Physics
19.
10 N/m2
102 N/m2
(B)
(D)
102 N/m2
101 N/m2
30.
a
(D)
31.
its
32.
Target
Chapter
01: Measurements
38.
C.
1018 C
1019 C
50.
The number of significant figures in 0.0009 by
(A)
(C)
41.
is
(B)
(D)
1
3
(B)
(D)
4
2
(B)
(D)
2
4
3
1
(B)
(D)
3
1
100%
a
m
1 n a 100%
(B) Percentage error i
i=
=
n1
(A) systematic error
(B) random error
(C) instrumental error
(D) none of these
47.
3
1
43.
in
4
2
42.
is
48.
least count.
(D) selecting instrument with small least
count.
a
(C) Percentage error = m
100%
a
n i=1
53. If x =
error in the
b
measurement is
a/a
a
b
(B)
+
b/b
a
b
a b
b/b
(C)
(D)
a
b
a/a
54. Given: l1 = 44.2 0.1 and l2 = 23.1
0.1, the
uncertainty in l1 + l2 is
(A) 0
(B) 0.1
(C) 0.2
(D) 0.4
(A)
Target
Std. XI :
Triumph Physics
56.
57.
by
a
na
Thickness of the paper measured
Miscellaneous
58.
(D)
Critical Thinking
is
_______.
density
(A) force
(B)
momentum
4. (C) angular momentum (D) work
Universal time is based on
(A) rotation of the earth on its axis.
(B) Earths orbital motion around the
Sun.
5. (C) vibrations of cesium atom.
(D) oscillations of quartz crystal.
1 a.m.u. is equivalent to
27
(B)
6. (A) 1.6 10 kg
(C)
1.6 10
24
(D)
934 MeV
All
of
kg
(A)
m
kg
m
(C)
newton
7.
8.
balance's operation.
Electronic
analytical
scale
measures the force needed to
counter
the
mass
being
measured rather than using
actual masses.
10
kg m
(
B
)
2
sec
(D) kg
sec
Curie is a unit of
(A) energy of -rays
(B) half life
(C) radioactivity
(D) intensity of -rays
S = A(1 eBxt), where S is speed
and x is displacement. The unit of B is
(A) m1s1
(B) m2s
2
(C) s
(D) s1
Target
Chapter
01: Measurements
9.
To determine the Youngs modulus of a
wire,
F L
the formula is
A ; where L = length,
Y=
L
A = area of cross-section of the
wire, L = change in length of the
wire when stretched with a force
F. The conversion factor to
change it from CGS to MKS system
is
(A) 1
(B) 10
(C) 0.1
(D) 0.01
10.
at
11.
If
[M1L1T2]
[M1L1T1]
[M1L1T1]
[M1L2T2]
(B)
(D)
(C)
[M2L1/2T2]
(D)
[M1L1T2]
20.
the
21.
The dimensions of
(A) Velocity
(C) Capacitance
is that of
0 0
(B) Time
(D) Distance
(C) v
mgr
(B) v
mg
(D) v
m
g
r
Target
Std. XI :
Triumph Physics
25. The force F is expressed in terms of distance
x and
time t as F = a x + bt2. The dimensions of
a/b is
(A) [M0L0T2]
(B) [M0L1/2T2]
(C) [M0L1/2T2]
(D) [M0L1/2T2]
26.
the
27.
of
(A) T2 4
a
=
2 3
(B) T2 4 a
GM
=
2
G
(C) T = 42a3
T2 =
2
28.
is
(D) 4 a2
GM
The period of a body under SHM
represented by T = P D S ; where
P is pressure, D is density and S is
surface tension. The value of a, b and
c are
3 1
a
(A , , 1
)
2 2
1
3 1
(C 2 , 2 2
)
29.
(B)
(D)
1, 2, 3
1, 2,
0.1 A < 1
(B)
0.5 A
5 A< 9
(D)
1 A>
Y = A sin k
v
38.
but it
does
not
necessarily
denote
certainty is defined as _______.
(A) special figures
(B) characteristic figures
(C) unknown figures
(D) significant figures
P at
= bx
Where P is pressure, x is distance and t is
time.
(A) [M1L1T2]
(B) [M1L0T2]
1 2 2
(C) [M L T ]
(D) [M1L2T2]
31.
be
a
expressed P V 2 (Vb) = RT. Here P is
+
as
the pressure, V is the volume, T is the absolute
temperature and a, b, R are constants. The
with due regards
dimensions of a are
(A) [M1L5T2]
(B) [ML1T2]
13.00
(C) [M0L3T0]
(D) [M0L6T0]
13
12
(A)
(C)
1
3
40.
(B)
(D)
2
4
13.0
(D)
Target
Chapter
01: Measurements
41. In the reading 2.614 cm of measurement
with
a vernier calliper, only uncertain figure is
(A) 1
(B) 2
(C) 4
(D) 6
42.
m.
43.
following data.
20.17, 21.23, 20.79, 22.07, 21.78
(A) 0.85
(B) 0.58
(C) 0.03
(D) 0.01
44.
=
(A)
x
y
z
+3 y 2 z 1
00
x
(B x
)
3y
+
x
y
x
3y
+2z
100%
(C)
T
(A)
(C)
2.9%
5.9%
(B)
(D)
3.1%
6.1%
0.2%
z
2z
100%
(D)
0.8%
51.
The length,
x
y
z
x
y
z
3 +2 100%
y
z
x
45.
cm.
46.
(
D
)
The least count of a screw gauge is 0.005
The diameter of a wire is 0.020 cm as
measured by it. The percentage error in
measurement is
(A) 25%
(B) 20%
(C) 15%
(D) 5%
47.
by
rectangular
block of wood were measured to be
l = 13.12 0.02 cm, b = 7.18
0.01 cm,
h = 4.16 0.02 cm.
The percentage error in the volume of
the block will be
(A) 7%
(B) 0.77%
(C) 0.72%
(D) 0.27%
Target
Std. XI :
Triumph Physics
54. Assertion: Avogadro number is the
number of
atoms in one gram mole.
Reason: Avogadro number is a
dimensionless constant.
1.
(A)
Assertion is True, Reason is
True;
Reason
is a correct explanation for
Assertion
(B) Assertion is True, Reason is True; Reason
is not a correct explanation for
Assertion
(C) Assertion is True, Reason is False
Competitive Thinking
1.5 Fundamental and derived
units
Correct unit of surface tension is
[MH CET
2011]
N
J
2
(A)
(B) m
m
(D)
14
(C) J m
2.
of
(D)
(C) cm2K1
2
m
Which of the following is not the unit
energy?
2000]
(A) watt-hour
(C) N m
6.
(B) Nm2/mole.
(D) none of
4.
Unit of constant b in Van der Waals
equation
is
[MH CET
2006]
(A) m3/mole
(B) m2/mole
(C) m/mole
(D) m3
5.
The S.I. units of the constant in
Weins
displacement law are
[MH CET
2008; 09]
(A) cm K1
(B) mK
(D) cm K2
[MH CET
(B) charge.
(D) power.
8.
9.
1 Tesla =
(A)
(C)
10.
1 Wb/m
1 N/Am
[MH CET
2004]
(B) 1 J/Am
(D) 1 Am/N
Unit of in radioactivity is
(A) m
half life)-1
(C) (year)-1
[MH CET
2002]
(B) (unit of
(D)
sec
Target
Chapter
01: Measurements
11. If the unit of length and force be
increased
four times, then the unit of energy is
[Kerala PMT
2005]
(A) Increased 4 times
(B) Increased 8 times
(C) Increased 16 times
(D) Decreased 16 times
12.
is
13.
and
R
C
stand
for
resistance,
inductance
and capacitance
respectively) have the dimensions
of
[Kerala
PET 2010]
(A) force
(B) linear
momentum
(C) linear acceleration(D) time
(C)
21.
22.
by,
RC
1
LC
15.
X=
(B)
L
C
(D)
L
V
The quantity
(A)
[M1L1T-2]
(B)
[M0L1T-1]
: 0 is the permittivity
[MH CET
(C)
2003] 1]
23.
[M1L0T-2]
(D)
[M1L0T-
W 1 Kx2 is
= 2
2003]
(A) [M1L0T2]
[M0L1T1]
(C) [M1L1T2]
[M1L0T1]
[Orissa JEE
(B)
(D)
Target
Std. XI :
Triumph Physics
26.
is
(A)
(C)
these
27.
d
1/ 2
(A)
[L
]
(C)
[L M
]
3/2
2
3/2
T ]
2
T ]
1/ 2
1/ 2
(B)
[L
(D)
[L M
M
1/ 2
T
T
28.
(A) T = k r
/S
(B) T= k
r
/S
equation?
[MH CET
2005]
(A) [M1L1T2mol2] (B)
[M1L3T2mol2]
(C) [M1L5T2mol2] (D)
[M1L3T2mol1]
29.
of
30.
of
The dimension
1
0E2, where 0 is
2
1/ 2
(C) T = k r /S
of these
36. In the relation P =
Z is
(D) T = None
e k P is pressure,
(A) 6
(B) 4
permittivity of free space and E is
electric
field,
is
[AIPMT 2010]
(A) [L2M1T2]
(C) [L2M1T2]
(B)
(D)
[L1M1T2]
[L1M1T1]
31.
(C)
(D)
103
are
(A) length
(C) mass
16
MG
[AIEEE 2009]
(A) one minute
minute
(C) one degree
degree
(B) half
(D) half
Target
Chapter
01: Measurements
41. The diameter of a cylinder is measured
1.8 Accuracy and errors in
using a
measurements
Vernier callipers with no zero error. It
is
found
46. Choose the INCORRECT statement
that the zero of the Vernier scale lies
out of the
between
following.
5.10 cm and 5.15 cm of the main
scale.
The
[AMU 2010]
Vernier scale has 50 divisions
(A) Every measurement by any
equivalent to
measuring
2.45 cm. The 24th division of the
instrument has some error.
Vernier
(B)
Every calculated physical
scale exactly coincides with one of
quantity
that
the
main
is based on measured values has
scale divisions. The diameter of the
some
cylinder is
error.
[JEE (Advanced)
(C) A measurement can have more
2013]
accuracy
(A) 5.112 cm
(B) 5.124 cm
but less precision and vice
(C) 5.136 cm
(D) 5.148 cm
versa.
42. A student measured the length of a rod
(D) The percentage error is different
and
from
wrote it as 3.50 cm. Which instrument
relative error.
did
he
47. Assertion: The error in the
use to measure it?
[JEE
measurement of
(Main) 2014]
radius of the sphere is 0.3%. The
(A) A meter scale
permissible error in its surface area is
(B) A vernier calliper where the 10
0.6%.
divisions
Reason: The permissible error is
in vernier scale matches with 9
calculated
by
division
A
x
(B)
n
x
(C n
(D)
(n1)
)
44. A screw guage gives the following
reading
when used to measure the diameter
of a wire. Main scale reading : 0 mm
Circular scale reading : 52
divisions
The diameter of wire from the
above data is
[AIEEE
2011]
(A) 0.52 cm
(B) 0.052 cm
(C) 0.026 cm
(D) 0.005 cm
45. A spectrometer gives the following
reading
when used to measure the angle of a
prism. Main scale reading : 58.5
degree
Vernier scale reading : 09 divisions
Given that 1 division on main
scale corresponds to 0.5 degree. Total
divisions on the vernier scale is 30
and match with 29
divisions of the main scale. The
angle
of
the
prism from the above data
[AIEEE 2012]
(A) 58.59 degree
10%
(C) 58.65 degree
4%
(A)
(B)
1
100
3 0.01 5.3
3+6.01
30.1
100
0.1
100
(D)
5.3
5.3
49. Resistance of a given wire is
obtained by
measuring the current flowing in it
and
the
voltage difference applied across it. If
the
percentage errors in the measurement
of
the
current and the voltage difference
are
3%
each, then error in the value of
resistance
of
the
wire
is
(C)
[AIEEE 2012]
(A) 6%
(C) 1%
(B)
(D)
Zero
3%
a % error in P is [NEET UG
b
2013]
P=
c
d
(B)
58.77 degree
(A)
14%
(B)
(D)
59 degree
(C)
7%
(D)
17
Target
Std. XI :
Triumph Physics
51. Two full turns of the circular scale of a
screw
gauge cover a distance of 1 mm on
its
main
scale. The total number of divisions
on
the
circular scale is 50. Further, it is found
that
the
screw gauge has a zero error of 0.03
mm.
While measuring the diameter of a
thin
wire,
a
student notes the main scale reading
of
3
mm
and the number of circular scale
divisions
in
line with the main scale as 35. The
diameter
of
the
wire
is
[AIEEE 2008]
(A) 3.73 mm
(C) 3.38 mm
(B)
(D)
25
20
(C)
2.25 mm
(B)
1.20 mm
(D)
3.67 mm
3.32 mm
30
Length of
the Number
pendul of
um
oscillati
(cm) on
(n)
64.0
8
2.20 mm
1.25 mm
I
c
i
r
c
u
l
a
r
Total time
for (n) Tim
oscillati
e
ons
peri
(s)
od
(s)
128.0
16.0
II
III
64.0
4
16.0
4
20.0
64.0
36.0
9.
0
i.e.,
100 for students I, II
and III,
g
respectively,
[IIT JEE
2008]
(A) EI = 0
(B) EI is
minimum
(C)
EI = EII
(D)
EII
is
maximum Miscellaneous
4MLg
Y =
by using Searles method, a wire 56. One femtometer is equivalent to [DCE
2
2004]
ld
(A) 1015 m
(B) 1015 m
(C) 1012 m
(D) 1012 m
Which of the following units
denotes the
dimensions ML2/Q2 where Q
denotes the
electric charge?
[AIEEE
2006]
(A) henry (H)
(B) H/m2
(C) weber (Wb)
(D) Wb/m2
58.
(A)
due to the errors in the
measurements
of
d and l are the same.
(B)
due to the error in the
measurement
of
d
is twice that due to the
error in the
measure
ment of l.
18
[AIPMT
[F V T2]
[F V1 T]
Target
Chapter
01: Measurements
Answer Key
Classical Thinking
1.
(B)
9.
2. (C)
(B) 10.
3. (B)
(B)
4.
(D)
5.
(D)
6.
(C)
7.
(A)
8.
(B)
11. (D)
19.
12. (A)
(C) 20.
13. (D)
(B)
14. (D)
15. (D)
16. (C)
17. (C)
18. (D)
21. (A)
29.
22. (B)
(D) 30.
23. (D)
(D)
24. (D)
25. (A)
26. (B)
27. (C)
28. (D)
31. (A)
39.
32. (C)
(D) 40.
33. (A)
(D)
34. (B)
35. (D)
36. (C)
37. (B)
38. (D)
41. (C)
49.
42. (B)
(C) 50.
43. (A)
(B)
44. (B)
45. (B)
46. (A)
47. (D)
48. (A)
51. (A)
52. (A)
53. (B)
54. (C)
55. (C)
56. (B)
57. (C)
58. (D)
5.
6.
7.
8.
Critical Thinking
1.
(A)
9.
2. (A)
(C) 10.
3. (D)
(B)
4.
(C)
(D)
(B)
(C)
11. (D)
19.
12. (C)
(A) 20.
13. (B)
(C)
14. (D)
15. (D)
16. (A)
17. (D)
18. (C)
21. (A)
29.
22. (C)
(B) 30.
23. (C)
(B)
24. (B)
25. (C)
26. (A)
27. (B)
28. (A)
31. (A)
39.
32. (B)
(D) 40.
33. (C)
(C)
34. (B)
35. (A)
36. (B)
37. (A)
38. (D)
41. (C)
49.
42. (C)
(D) 50.
43. (B)
(C)
44. (B)
45. (A)
46. (D)
47. (D)
48. (B)
51. (B)
52. (C)
53. (B)
54. (C)
55. (A)
Competitive Thinking
1.
(D)
3.
2.
(C)
33.
12. (C)
41. (B)
43.
42. (B)
11. (C)
13.
22. (C)
51. (C)
53.
52. (C)
21. (B)
23.
31. (D)
32. (B)
Classical Thinking
(A)
(D)
4.
6.
(A)
5.
(B)
(D)
14. (B)
(D) 16.
15.
(A)
24. (D)
(A) 26.
25.
(B)
34. (D)
(A) 36.
35.
(C)
44. (B)
46.
45. (C)
(C)
54. (A)
56.
55. (C)
7. (B)
10. (B)
8.
17. (B)
20. (C)
18. (D)
19. (B)
27. (A)
30. (B)
28. (C)
29. (B)
(A)
37. (B)
40. (D)
38. (B)
39. (A)
(D)
47. (C)
50. (A)
48. (C)
49. (A)
(B)
57. (A)
58. (D)
5
7 (B)
.
(A)
Hi
nt
13.
26.
N
/
m
2
O
R
Using quick conversion for pressure,
(C)
1.
1 dyne/cm2 = 0.1 N/m2
103 dyne/cm2 = 103 0.1 = 102 N/m2
(B)
9.
(C)
Percentage error =
100%
d
=
100%
0.01
1.0
3
= 0.97%
Critical Thinking
Physical quantity (M)
= Numerical value (n) Unit (u)
If physical quantity remains constant
then n 1/u n1u1 = n2u2.
19
Target
Std. XI :
Triumph Physics
2.
Because in S.I. system, there are
seven
16.
fundamental
2
Li =
energy stored in an
inductor = [M1L2T2]
quantities.
masspressure
3.
6.
m
(F / A)
density
mv = k
= V
(m / V)
A
(As)
F
=
=Fs=
work
A
=
se
c
23.
1
m
g = M
1
Curie = disintegration/second
Bxt is unitless.
Unit of B is m1s1.
24.
9.
=
10.
A L
cm
10 m
Parallactic angle, = 57
a=
t
11.
o
rad
57
5
7
= =
60
60 180
b = Radius of earth = 6.4
106 m
Distance of the moon from
the earth,
b
6
s=
6.410 60180
=
57
s = 3.86 108 m
LT
1
r
L M T L
From F = at + bt2
1 1
2
M
L
T
7.
8.
= [L1T1]
= [M1L1T3]
1 1
1 1 4
b = F = M L T = [M L T ]
2
25. F = a 1 12 = [M1L1/2T2]
x
F M L1/T2
a =
=
x
bt2 = F
F
b=
2
t
An
g ular
diameter of sun,
= 1920 =
1920
1920
= M L T = [M1L1T4]
2
rad
6060
1 1/ 2
2
=
M
a L T = [L1/2 T2]
3600 180
Diameter of sun, D = s
M
= 1.5 1920
10 180
11
13.
3600
D 1.4 109
m
Torque = [M1L2T2],
Angular momentum =
[M1L2T1]
So mass and length have the same
dimensions.
According to Poiseuilles formula,
4
Pr
= 8l(dV / dt)
1
15.
L T
12.
1 1
4
[Electric field]
20
b = 2
b=2
2a + 2 3(1) = 1
2a = 2
a=1
27.
=
Let T 4 a
z
GyM
[M L T ][L ]
[] =
= [M1L1T1]
1
3
1
[][L /T ]
L
[Dipole moment] = [M0L1T1A1]
[Electric flux]
26.
= [M1L3T3A1]
= [M1L1T3A1]
L
[M0L0T2] =
2 y
1 0
0 z
[M L T ] [M
T ]
Target
Chapter
01: Measurements
[M0L0T2] = [Lx] [M1L3T2]y [M1]z
Comparing powers of
M, L and T y z = 0,
x
3y
= 0
and
2y
=2
y=1
Substituting
value of y, z
= 1, x = 3
Thus,
T2 =
2 3
28.
n L 1 T 1 = 980 10 km 1 /60
min
=
T2 = 1 min
G
M
T = PaDbSc
2nd system
L2 = 1 km
T1 = 1 s 6 min
=
0 b
L 2
T
2
1 min
1 km
= 980
105
3600
=
35.28 km
min2
39. The number of significant figures in
all of the
given number is 4.
Area of rectangle = 6 12 = 72 m2
30.
a t
P=
bx
a = [t2] = [T2]
2
T
P=
bx
2
b=
43.
20.17
L
1
M L
T
Px
am = 21.21
a1 = 21.21 20.17=
1.04 a2 = 21.21
21.23 = 0.02 a3 = 0.42
am =
1
=2
M
[T
= [M1T2]
]
a4
= 0.86
a5
= 0.57
a + a + a + a + a
1
31.
T
4
= [P]
2
V
32.
am =
[a]
45.
2
4
3
5
5
+ 0.02 + 0.42 + 0.86 + 0.57
1.04
=
0.58
=
5
0.005
=
100% =
25%
0.020
r
4 3
46. r 100 = 0.1% and V = r
3
V
Percentage error in
V %
volume =
= 0.3%
=r
21
Target
Std. XI :
Triumph Physics
47.
=
Competitive Thinking
A
l
so maximum error in pressure (P)
F
P
100 =
100 + 2 100
F
l
P
max
= 4% + 2 2%
3.
P n a [V nb] = nRT
+ V2
Pressure
Volum
correctio
e
n
correct
F ion
2
V 2
= 8%
48. Percentage error in
K.E =
m 2v
+
%
m v
49.
= (0.75 + 2 1.85)%
= 4.45%
Maximum possible error in measurement of 4.
T
L L
=
+2
%
2
T
T
L
= (0.1 + 2 3) % = 6.1%
2
50. T = 2 l / g T2 = 42l/g 4 l
2
g=
T
% error in 1mm
0.
100
= 0.1%
100
l=
1
100 =
cm
10
0
51.
+
PV
FlV Fl
a=
=
=
=
n2
n2
n2 n2
4
Thus, S.I.Units of a is N m /mol2.
From Van der Waals equation,
nb has dimensions of volume.
V
b=
n
Thus, S.I. units of b is
m3/mol.
and error in T
1 dyne/cm = 103 N/m
1
100
=
0.05%
0.1
=
and
R time
l
1
0.
02
=
12 +
100%
Alternate
4.16
=7.18
0.77%
+
2
method:
13.
coulomb
55.
olt
volt
[Energy] = [M1L2T2]
= [M1L1T1] [L1] [T1]
= P1A1/2T1
22
oulomb
oh ohm
=
= oulomb
v
=c
ampere
ampere
= 2 2 + 1 + 1 = 6%
volt
= second = [T]
Both RC and
of
15.
[ L]=[C]
0
CV Q
V
= Current
L =
=
t
t
t
Target
Chapter
01: Measurements
Gm m
19.
F=
30.
F
r
G
=
= [M1L3T4A2] [M1L1T3A1]2
= [M1L1T2A0]
mm
1
1 1
OR
2
M
L T L
[G] =
= [M1L3T2]
23.
W=
2
[K]
=
Kx
[W]
2
1 2
= [L1T2]
=M L T
L
= [M1T2]
24.
33.
1 1
k
26.
27.
F=
=
=
M L T
=
v LT
2
1
1 0 1
= [M L T ]
1 1 2
PV
d
[x] = [F][d ]1/2
2
3 0
34.
=
M L T L
1 2 2
=
T =
[M L T 1]
1 1
1
28.
Fv
F = kv
F
[x ]
E2 =u
1/2
= L T M L
T
=M 3/2 1/2 2
L T
35.
1 2
1 2
1 2
EJ
= [M L T ][M L T ]
1 5
1 3 2 2
5
2
MG
[M ] [M L T ]
= [M0L0T0]
The dimensions of angle is [M0L0T0].
Y
X
2
1 2
[M L T A ]
1
1 2
3Z
[M L T A ]
= [M3L2T8A4]
Let T Sxryz
Solving, x = , y = , z =
2
2
2
2
n2
[a]
29.
a P 2 = A V FlV
V
=Fl
0
=
[0]
=
=
n2
n2 n2
F 4
= [M1L5T2mol2]
l
=2
n
q q
4
Fr
T2
A
1 1
(M L T )L
= [M1 L3 T4 A2]
=k
r /S
Z
[]
=
[M L T
should
be
k
dimensi
onless,
k
=
Z
2
K K ]
[L1]
= [M1L1T2]
And P =
2
2
1/ 2
Volume
correction
Pressure
correction
T = k(r /S)
1 1
]
[] =[M L T2
=
1 1 2
P [M L T ]
[] = [M0L2T0]
23
Target
Std. XI :
Triumph Physics
39.
30 VSD = 29 MSD
Least count
= 1 M.S.D. - 1 V.S.D.
nx nx+ x
n
40.
= 1 MSD - 1 VSD
29
=
MS
D
1 30
1
=3 0.5
0
1 3 MSD
V
S0
D
=
0.8 mm
41.
1
mm
10
0
=
0.01
mm
Diameter = Main scale reading +
(Divisions
on
circular scale
least count)
1
= 0.52
= 0+
mm
52
100
Diameter = 0.052 cm.
30 VSD = 29 MSD
29
= 1 minute
20 VSD
= 16 MSD
1 VSD
= 0.8 MSD
x
cm.
n
= 0.5
1mm
10
0.5
30
Reading of
vernier
1 VSD
2.45
=
50
47.
A = 4r2
0.5
30
= M.S. reading
+ V.S. reading L.C.
L.C
= 0.049 cm
= 1 MSD 1VSD
30
Fractional
error
A
= 0.001 cm
Thus, the reading = 5.10 +
(0.001 24)
= 5.124
cm
diameter of cylinder =
5.124 cm
42.
=
A
24
100 = 2 0.3%
0.6%
4
3
r
3
% error in volume = 3
100
r
0.1
=
100
35.3
R = V R = V I
V I
R
I
= 3+3
= 6%
1 V.S.D. (n 1) x
=
n
A = r
0.01 cm = 0.1 mm
For vernier scale, where the 10 divisions in
vernier scale matches with 9 division in main
43.
= 58.65
=
+ 9
0.558.5
3 2
50.
Given that: P =
a
b
c
d
error contributed
by a
100
a
=3
= 3 1%
= 3%
Target
Chapter
01: Measurements
b
100
error contributed by b = 2
54.
d = l
=
= 2
2%
= 4%
c
100 = 3%
error contributed
by c =
51.
=
= 5
10 mm
Pitch
No.of div.in circular
scale
=
0.5
= 0.01 mm
50
Actual reading =
0.01 35 + 3
=
3.35 mm
Taking
error
into
consideration = 3.35 +
0.03
= 3.38 mm.
52.
Zero error = 5
0.5
= 0.05 mm
50
Actual measurement
= 2 0.5 mm + 25
0.5
0. mm
5
10
0
4MLg
Y= l 2
Y
d
=l +
Y
2 d
l
max
Error due to l
measurement
l
=
0.5 /100mm
0.25 mm
= 2%
Error due to
measurement,
0.5
2
100
d
=
2
d
0.5mm
=
0.5/100
0.25
= 2%
2
55.
=
g 42l
T
% error in g g 100
g
0.05
mm
+ 2
l
0.1
100
100
0.1
EI = 100+2 100 = 1.406%
64
16
0.1
0.1
EII = 100+2
100 =
1.406%
d
64
16
0.1
EIII 0.1100+2 100 = 2.72%
=
50
= 1 mm + 0.25 mm 0.05 mm
= 1.20 mm
53.
20
2
57.
1 2
ML
ML
1
1 2
= M1L2T2A2
(A T )
max
max
3 2
D
= M +3
M D
0.01
= 2% + 3
100%
2.7
= 3.1%
m=
F
[m] = t
v
= [F1 V1 T1]
25
Target
Std. XI :
Triumph Physics
Evaluation Test
1.
When dimensions of a given physical
quantity
are given, the physical quantity is unique.
(A) The statement and its converse both
are
true.
(B) The statement and its converse
both
are
false.
(C) The statement is false but its
converse
is
true.
(D)
The statement is true but its
converse
is
false.
2.
the
= m, where m is linear
B
density and A is force. The
dimensions of B will be same as that
of
(B) pressure
(D) momentum
3.
The readings of a constant potential
difference
are noted four times by a student. The
student
averages these readings but does not
take
into
account the zero error of the
voltmeter.
The
average measurement of the
potential
difference is
6.
Two full turns of the circular scale of a
screw
gauge cover a distance of 1 mm on its
main
scale. The total number of divisions on
the
circular scale is 50. Further, it is found
that
the
screw gauge has a zero error of 0.02
mm.
While measuring the diameter of a thin
wire,
a
student notes the main scale reading of
4
mm
and the number of circular scale
divisions
in
line with the main scale as 37. The
diameter
of
the wire is
(A) 4.37 mm
(B) 4.39
mm
(C) 4.74 mm
(D) 4.76
mm
7.
The potential energy U of a particle
varies
with distance x from a fixed origin
as
Ax
2 =
U
where A and B are
dimensional
+B
Reading 1 1.176 V
Reading 2 1.178 V
Reading 3 1.177 V
Reading 4 1.176 V
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
4.
The rad is the correct unit used to
report the
measurement of
, the dimensions of
D+E
are
[M0LT1]
and
[M0LT0],
respectively. Find the dimensions of
A, D and E.
(A) A = [M0L0T1], D = [T], E = [LT]
(B) A = [MLT0], D = [T2], E = [T2]
(C) A = [M0LT1], D = [MT], E =
[MT]
(D) A = [M0LT1], D = [T], E = [T]
5.
X
=
C D
in the measurements of the quantities
A,
B,
C
and D are 1%, 3%, 4% and 5%
respectively.
Then the minimum amount of
percentage
of
error in the measurement of X is
contributed
by
(A) A
(B) B
(C) C
(D) D
Target
Chapter
01: Measurements
11.
GM is same as that of
I2
E
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
12.
spring constant
wavelength
energy gradient
Rydberg constant
16.
9. (D)
13. (C)
17. (B)
10. (C)
14. (D)
18. (C)
11. (B)
15. (A)
12. (D)
16. (D)
27