ISSN 2319-8885

Vol.03,Issue.17
August-2014,
Pages:3593-3598
www.semargroup.org,
www.ijsetr.com

Comparison of 12-Story Steel Structure Based on Different Ground

Motion Excitations
SAN AUNG THURA1, DR. ZAW MIN HTUN2
1

Dept of Civil Engineering, Mandalay Technological University, Mandalay, Myanmar, E-mail: sanaungthuyaa@gmail.com.
2
Dept of Civil Engineering, Mandalay Technological University, Mandalay, Myanmar.

Abstract: The main aim of this study is to investigate the structural behavior of steel structure under ground motion
excitations. Ground motion excitations are considered four functions such as 1g, 2g , 3g and 4g for both directions. The
proposed building is twelve-storyed steel structure. Not only gravity loads but also lateral loads are considered in this study.
Required data for design specification of structural elements are considered according to AISC-LRFD 1999 codes. By
considering lateral loads such as wind loads and earthquake loads are based on UBC-1997(Uniform Building Code). Necessary
checking such as overturning moment, sliding, story drift, torsion irregularity and P- effect are carried out for the stability of
the superstructure. The proposed building is analyzed response spectrum analysis, Finally, the percentage of failed members
and comparison of story drift, story shear, story moments with different ground motion excitations are presented.
Keywords: Ground Motion Excitations, AISC-LRFD 1999 Codes, UBC-1997 (Uniform Building Code).
I. INTRODUCTION
Myanmar is a developing country in South-East Asia and
rapid growth of urban population; many high-rise buildings
are needed to be constructed. The building must have
durability for the loads that can be applied upon them.
Myanmar is situated in a secondary seismic belt which is in
the junction of two major belts called Alps-Himalaya and
Circum-Pacific belts. Because of major hazards in Myanmar,
seismic excitation resistant structural designs are really
required. Therefore, in constructing the buildings, they
should be designed to withstand earthquake with no or
minimum damage. An earthquake is sudden, ground
movement caused by the release of the energy stored in the
rocks. An earthquake caused by a fault movement on the
earth surface results in severe ground shaking leading to the
damage and collapse of the buildings and civil-infrastructures, landslides in the case of loose slopes, and
liquefaction of sandy soil.
Earthquake causes shaking of the ground in all three
directions-along the two horizontal directions (X and Y),
vertical direction (Z). The vertical motion usually having
much smaller magnitude but the horizontal motion can be
severe. The goal of earthquake resistance design is to
construct buildings that will withstand moderate earthquakes
without damage and severe earthquakes without collapse.
The proposed is situated in seismic zone 4.In this study, the
analysis results of the twelve-storyed steel structure under
different ground motion excitations are compared by using
ETABS software.

II. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

To analyse and design steel structure based on ground
motion excitations.
To investigate the behaviour of the structural members
based on various ground motion excitations.
To study the comparison of analysis results of
proposed building with various ground motion
excitations.
III. EFFECT OF EARTHQUAKE ON BUILDING
The primary effect of an earthquake is shaking of a
building or infrastructure. Buildings as a whole and all their
components are badly shaken in all possible directions during
severe earthquakes by the ground motion (shown in Fig.1).
The shaking loosens the joints of different components of
building that lead to subsequent damage or collapse.

Fig.1.Building movements due to ground shaking.

Copyright @ 2014 SEMAR GROUPS TECHNICAL SOCIETY. All rights reserved.

SAN AUNG THURA, DR. ZAW MIN HTUN

Fig.2 presents the general philosophy of building damage
under earthquake is that;
For minor earthquakes there should be no damage.
For moderate earthquakes there may be minor,
repairable, structural damage and some nonstructural
damage.
For major earthquakes there may be major,
unrepairable, structural and nonstructural damage but
without collapse of the building.

Fig.4. 3D view of the proposed building.

Fig.2.Performance of Objectives
Intensities of Earthquake Shaking.

Under

Different

IV. DATA PREPARATION FOR PROPOSED

BUILDING
A. Site Location and Structural System
Location
: Seismic zone 4
Type of Structure
: 12-story steel structure
Type of Occupancy
: Residential
Plan Dimension
: X direction = 84 ft
Y direction = 48 ft
Height of Structure
: 129 ft
Typical story height
: 10 ft
Bottom story height
: 12 ft
Shape of Structure
: Octagonal shape
Number of Elevator
: 2 numbers

B. Material Properties
-Weight per unit volume of steel
-Modulus of elasticity of steel
-Compressive strength of concrete, fc
-Yield strength of structural steel, Fy
-Ultimate strength of structural steel, Fu

= 490 pcf
= 29000 ksi
= 3 ksi
= 50 ksi
= 65 ksi

C. Loading Consideration
The structure is defined gravity loads and lateral loads.
The gravity loads consist of dead load, live load. The lateral
loads contain wind load and earthquake load. Earthquake
loads and wind loads are designed according to UBC97.
Dead Loads:
Data for dead loads are as follows:
- Unit weight of concrete
- 4.5inches thick brick wall weight
- 9 inches thick brick wall weight
- Superimposed dead load
- Weight of elevator

= 150 psf
= 55 psf
= 100 psf
= 25 psf
= 2 tons

Live Loads:
Data for live loads are as follows:
- Live load on residential areas
- Live load on landing
- Live load on public areas
- Live load on roof
-Weight of water

= 40 psf
= 100 psf
= 100 psf
= 20 psf
= 62.4 pcf

Wind Loads:
Data in designing for wind load:
- Exposure type
- Wind speed
- Height
- Importance factor
- Windward coefficient
Fig.3.Plan view of the proposed building.
- Leeward coefficient
International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Technology Research
Volume.03, IssueNo.17, August-2014, Pages: 3593-3598

= Type B
= 80 mph
= 129 ft
= 1.0
= 0.8
= 0.5

Comparison of 12-Story Steel Structure Based on Different Ground Motion Excitations

Seismic Loads:
TABLE III & TABLE IV: Design Sections of Columns
Required data for earthquake load:
- Seismic source type
=A
-Seismic zone
=4
- Seismic zone factor, Z
= 0.4
- Seismic importance factor, I
=1
- Soil profile Type
= SD
- Seismic Response Coefficient, Ca
= 0.22 Na
- Seismic Response Coefficient, Cv
= 0.32Nv
- Near Source factor, Na
=1
-Near Source factor, Nv
=1
-Framing system
= SMRF
-Response modification factor, R
= 8.5
-Numerical coefficient, Ct
= 0.035
D. Load Combinations
Design codes applied are AISC-LRFD 99 and UBC97.There are 18 numbers of load combinations which are
used in the structural analysis.
TABLE I: Load Combinations

VI. CHECKING FOR STABILITY OF THE

STRUCTURE
According to UBC-97, the stability for structure has been
checked in the following cases.
Checking for overturning moment
Checking for sliding
Checking for storey drift
Checking for P-
Checking for torsion
A. Overturning Moment
In checking for overturning, the ratio of resisting moment
to overturning moment of the building (the factor of safety) is
greater than 1.5. As the safety factor for both X and Y
directions are 3.7036 and 2.1694 respectively, so these are
greater than 1.5. Therefore, the structure is capable of
resisting overturning effect.

V. ANALYSIS RESULTS OF STRUCTURE WITH

STATIC ANALYSIS
The column and beam sections of the proposed building
with static analysis are followed in Table II, III and IV.
TABLE II: Design Sections of Beam

B. Sliding
In the checking for sliding, when the ratio of resistance
due to friction to sliding force, V is greater than or equal to
that of 1.5. For these proposed building, the factor of safety
for sliding in both directions is 1.99, so there are greater than
that of 1.5.Therefore, there is no sliding occurs in the
structure.
C. Story Drift
In checking for story drift, it is found that story drift for all
stories do not exceed limit. Based on the analysis, all story
drifts are within story drifts limitation. The maximum story
drift in X and Y directions are 0.005238 and 0.004786, so
these are less than 2.4. Therefore the structure is stable.
D. P- effect
Based on the UBC-97, P- effect does not exist when the
ratio of story drift to story height (story drift ratio) does not
exceed 0.02/R in seismic zone 3 and 4. The maximum drift
ratio in X and Y directions are 0.005238 and 0.004786. So
these values are greater than 0.02/R = 0.02/8.5 =0.00235, P-
effect can be neglected.

International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Technology Research

Volume.03, IssueNo.17, August-2014, Pages: 3593-3598

SAN AUNG THURA, DR. ZAW MIN HTUN

E. Torsion Irregularity
VIII. COMPARISON OF ANALYSIS RESULTS WITH
In proposed building, the maximum drift at one end of the
STATIC AND DYNAMIC (RESPONSE SPECTRUM)
structure transverse to its axis is not more than 1.2 times the
ANALYSIS
average story drifts of both ends. Therefore the effect of
In comparison of analysis results, story drift, story shear,
torsional irregularity can be neglected.
story moment and member forces for ground motion
excitations in both directions are presented.
VII. RESULTS OF FAILED MEMBERS
A. Comparison of Story Drift
When the structures have been analyzed with different
Comparisons of story drift in X-direction and Y-direction
ground motion excitations (1g, 2g, 3g and 4g) beams and
are shown in Fig.7 and 8.
columns are failed in frame members. But, beams and
columns are not failed with ground motion excitation at
1g.The number of failed beams and columns are summarized
in Table V, VI and the relative percentage of failed beams
and columns are graphically represented in Fig.5 and 6.
TABLE V: Number of Failed Members

TABLE V: Percentage of Failed Members

Fig.7.Comparison of Maximum Story Drift in XDirection for Different Ground Motion Excitations.

Fig.5.Percentage of failed members (Column).

Fig.8. Comparison of Maximum Story Drift in YDirection for Different Ground Motion Excitations.
From the above fig,7 and 8, maximum story drift in Xdirection is occurred 0.008348 (in) at story level 4 for 4g.
The most value of story drift in Y-direction is 0.006374 (in)
at story level 4 for 4g.

Fig.6.Percentage of failed members (Beam).

B. Comparison of Story Shear

Comparisons of story shear in X-direction and Y-direction
are shown in Fig.9 and 10. In comparison of maximum story
shear in X and Y directions, maximum story shears are
267.75 (kips) and 279.45 (kips) at story level 1 for 4g.

International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Technology Research

Volume.03, IssueNo.17, August-2014, Pages: 3593-3598

Comparison of 12-Story Steel Structure Based on Different Ground Motion Excitations

Fig.9.Comparison of Maximum Story Shear in XDirection for Different Ground Motion Excitations.

Fig.12.Comparison of Maximum Story Moment in YDirection for Different Seismic Excitation Angles.
In comparison of story moment in X and Y-directions,
maximum story moments are 274250.6 (kips-in) and
262060.1 (kips-in) at story level 1 for 4g.

Fig.10.Comparison of Maximum Story Shear in YDirection for Different Ground Motion Excitations.
C. Comparison of Story Moment
Comparisons of story moment in X-direction and Ydirection are shown in Fig.11 and 12.

IX. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION

In this paper, twelve storyed steel building is selected to
analyze the behavior of the structural members under the
various ground motion excitations. The response spectrum
case is considered for the dynamic analysis of the structure.
The response spectrum case is taken according toUBC-97. In
comparison of analysis results, the maximum values of story
drift and story shear are occurred in X-direction. And then,
the maximum value of bending moment is found in Ydirection. When the proposed building is analyzed with
ground motion excitation 1g, there are no failed members. In
analyzing with 2g, 3g and 4g, failed members are found. And
then, when the model is analyzed with 4g, 248 numbers of
beams and 11 mumbers of columns are failed. According to
these failed members, ground motion excitation (4g) is the
most effect than 1g , 2g and 3g.The effect of ground motion
excitation has influenced on the structural members. So, we
need to design the proposed building in order to safe at 4g.
X. APPENDIX

Fig.11.Comparison of Maximum Story Moment in XDirection for Ground Motion Excitations.

Fig.13.Column Layout Plan of Proposed Building.

International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Technology Research

Volume.03, IssueNo.17, August-2014, Pages: 3593-3598

SAN AUNG THURA, DR. ZAW MIN HTUN

Fig14. Beam Layout Plan for Story 1-12 of Proposed

Building.
XI. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The author wishes to express her deep gratitude to her
Excellency, Minister Dr. Ko Ko Oo, Ministry of Science and
Technology, for opening the Master of Engineering course at
Mandalay Technological University. The author would like
to express her profound gratitude to Dr.Myint Thein, rector
of Mandalay Technological University for his encouragement
and managements. The author also wishes to express
gratitude to Dr.Kyaw Moe Aung, Associate Professor and
Head of Department of Civil Engineering, Mandalay
Technological University for his helpful advice, management
and encouragement. The author also wishes to record the
greatest and special thanks and owe in gratitude to her
supervisor, Dr.Zaw Min Htun, Lecturer, Department of Civil
Engineering, Mandalay Technological University, for his
careful guidance, advices and invaluable encouragement.
Finally, the author specially thanks to all her teachers and her
family, especially my parents, for their supports and
encouragement.
XII. REFERENCES
[1] Charles G.Salmon, John E.Johnson, Steel structures
(Design and Behavior). 3rd ed.
[2] Michael R. Lindeburg, PE with Majid Baradar: A
Professionals Introduction to Earthquake Forces and Design
Details, In Seismic Design of Building Structures, 8 th Ed.,
Professional Publications, Inc, (2001).
[3] Murty, C.V.R: How the ground shakes? and What are
the seismic effects on structures? New Delhi, India: Building
Materials and Technology Promotion Council.
[4] Uniform Building Code, 1997.Volume 2. "Structural
Engineering Design Provisions", U.S.A: International
Conference of Building Officials.
[5] U Nyi Hla Nge: Structural Steel Design, first edition:
Yangon Institute of Technology.
International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Technology Research
Volume.03, IssueNo.17, August-2014, Pages: 3593-3598