International Journal of Solids and Structures 46 (2009) 17721777

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International Journal of Solids and Structures

journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ijsolstr

Thermal stresses in an elastic space with a perfectly rigid at inclusion

under perpendicular heat ow
Andrzej Kaczynski *, Wojciech Kozowski
Faculty of Mathematics and Information Science, Warsaw University of Technology, Plac Politechniki 1, 00-661 Warsaw, Poland

a r t i c l e

i n f o

Article history:
Received 9 May 2008
Received in revised form 23 November 2008
Available online 14 January 2009
Keywords:
Three-dimensional
Rigid inclusion
Thermal stress
Potential theory method
Stress singularity

a b s t r a c t
This paper examines the three-dimensional problem of nding thermal stresses due to an insulated rigid
sheet-like inclusion (anticrack) in an elastic space under a uniform perpendicular heat ow. By using
appropriate harmonic potentials, a general method of solving this problem is presented. The resulting
boundary-value problems are reduced to classical mixed problems of potential theory. For the purpose
of illustration, a complete solution in terms of elementary functions for a rigid circularly shaped inclusion
is given and discussed from the point of view of material failure.
2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

1. Introduction
Most advanced engineering structures contain some inhomogeneities. Cracks and rigid inclusions (sometimes called anticracks)
are the two most dangerous extremes that affect the behavior of
materials. It has been recognized that these defects obstructing
the heat ow produce thermal local disturbances. Therefore, the
knowledge of induced thermal stresses from the heat environment
is essential for the study of material failure.
The results of basic research on the three-dimensional thermoelastic crack problems are included in monographs by Kassir and
Sih (1975) and Kit and Khay (1989). Employing the potential theory method, effective and important results in this area have been
obtained by Kaczynski (1994), Kaczynski and Matysiak (2003), and
Chen et al. (2004). In comparison with spatial crack problems, the
rigid sheet-like inclusions have been studied to a much lesser extent and most investigations are mainly focused on 3D isothermal
problem in a homogeneous elastic material (see e.g. Kassir and Sih,
1968; Selvadurai, 1982, 2000a; Silovanyuk, 1984; Huang and Liu,
1988; Rahman, 1999, 2002; Kachanov et al., 2002; Chaudhuri,
2003 and the basic monographs by Mura, 1982; Panasyuk et al.,
1986; Alexandrov et al., 1993). As far as interface rigid inclusions
are concerned, we mention the contributions done by Gladwell
(1999), Selvadurai (2000b), Kaczynski (1999), Li and Fan (2001)
and Chaudhuri (2006). Although signicant progress has been
made in solving some plane thermoelastic inclusions problems
(see, among others, Sekine, 1987 and Chao and Shen, 1998, and
* Corresponding author. Tel.: +48 22 6219312; fax: +48 22 6257460.
E-mail address: akacz@mini.pw.edu.pl (A. Kaczynski).
0020-7683/$ - see front matter 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
doi:10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2009.01.002

references therein), analogous three-dimensional problems remain

inadequately treated due to the complexities involved, and only
some incomplete results were reported by Podilchuk (2001).
This paper attempts to provide a potential function method for
solving the problem of a vertically uniform ow of heat in an elastic isotropic space disturbed by an arbitrary shaped heat-insulated
rigid sheet-like inclusion. A typical application to the pennyshaped anticrack is presented; the exact solution in elementary
functions for the whole-eld thermal stresses, temperature and
displacements is obtained. The properties and singular behaviour
of the thermostressed state near the inclusion border are investigated. Comparison between stress singularities of a rigid circular
inclusion and a penny-shaped crack is made. The research done
is of considerable interest for an analysis of the more realistic type
of inclusions, i.e. elastic inclusions of another material and in
applying the theoretical-numerical tools.
2. Governing equations and general potential solution
Let us consider the stationary thermoelastic equations for a
homogeneous isotropic solid. Referring to a common rectangular
Cartesian coordinate system, we set xi as the components of a typical point in the innite thermoelastic material. Latin lower case
indices range over the values 1, 2, 3 and the usual Einstein summation convention is employed throughout. Denote at the point
(x1,x2,x3) the temperature (strictly a small change from some reference state) by T and the components of displacement, stress, heat
ux by ui,rij, qi, respectively. If heat sources and bulk forces are
absent in the body, the equations governing linear uncoupled thermostatics are (Nowacki, 1986)

 ski, W. Kozowski / International Journal of Solids and Structures 46 (2009) 17721777

A. Kaczyn

T ;ii 0

rij;j 0

where a comma followed by the index i denotes partial differentiation with respect to xi.
For the constitutive equations we take the Fourier law of heat
conduction and the Duhamel-Neumann stress-displacement relations, given respectively by

qi kT ;i

rij kuk;k dij lui;j uj;i  bTdij

smooth prole in the plane Ox1x2. This inhomogeneity perturbs a

steady heat ow incident perpendicularly on the inclusion plane
with far eld constant intensity q0 (Fig. 1).
At this stage we proceed to a mathematical formulation of the
resulting boundary-value problem: nd elds T and ui,rij suitably
smooth on R3nS such that Eqs. (1)(5) hold, with the boundary conditions expressed as follows:
Thermal conditions (heat-insulated inclusion and perpendicular ow of uniform heat at innity)

q3 kT ;3 0 x1 ; x2 ; x3 0 2 S
q
q3 kT ;3 ! q0 as x21 x22 x23 ! 1

where k and l are the Lam constants, b = a (3k + 2l) with a as the
linear coefcient of thermal expansion, k is the thermal conductivity and dij is Kroneckers delta.
Upon substitution of Eq. (4) into (2) the equilibrium equations
in terms of displacements (generalized Lam equations) are shown
to be

lui;jj k luj;ji  bT ;i 0

For problems involving the plane of discontinuity at x3 = 0 , a suitable general solution to Eqs. (1) and (5) can be obtained by introducing a temperature harmonic function (potential) x such that

u1 u2 0; u3 e x1 ; x2 ; x3 0 2 S
Z Z
r33 x1 ; x2 ; 0  r33 x1 ; x2 ; 0 dx1 dx2 0
S
q
rij ! 0 as x21 x22 x23 ! 1

and by representing the displacement eld in terms of the three

harmonic functions (potentials) ui in the form (Kaczynski, 1994)

u1 u1 c
u2 u1 c

xdx3 x3 F
x3
1

xdx3 x3 F




x3

 u3;2

u3;1

k 3l
u3 u1;3 
u x3 F ;3
kl 2

where

F u 2 c x; c

b
2k 2l

r31 2l u1;3 


r32 2l u1;3 
r33
r11

r22

r12

l
kl

l
kl

u2 x3 F ;3
u2 x3 F ;3

~ i ; rij rij r
~ ij
T T Te ; ui ui u

20
21

22

where the components labeled 0 describe the principal state of

inclusion-free solid, and the components having tilde represent
the perturbations due to the anticrack.

The rst 0-solution to the basic Eqs. (1)(5) with conditions (18)
and (21) is readily obtained as
0

 lu3;23

11

lu3;13

T x1 ; x2 ; x3

0
0
q0
x3 ; q1 x1 ; x2 ; x3 q2 x1 ; x2 ; x3 0
k
0

;1

12

;2


k 2l
2l u1;33 
u2;3  cT x3 F ;33
kl
"

Z 1
k
2l u1 c
xdx3 x3 F

u
k

l 2;3
x3
;11

u3;12  2cT
"

Z 1
k
2l u1 c
xdx3 x3 F

u
k

l 2;3
x3
;22

u3;12  2cT


Z 1
2l u 1 c
xdx3 x3 F
x3

19

10

With the aid of the constitutive relations (4) the stresses corresponding to the displacements (7)(9) are found to be

18

The above thermoelastic problem breaks up into two subproblems

determination of the temperature distribution and employing it
to nd the induced thermal stress eld. By using the principle of
superposition, it is convenient to represent the total solution of
this problem as a sum of two components, namely,

;1

;2

17

Mechanical conditions (displacement free surfaces of the rigid

inclusion with regard to a small vertical rigid-body translation e
which is to be determined in solving the problem from the equilibrium condition of the inclusion and stress-free state at
innity)

T x;3

1773

13

q3 x1 ; x2 ; x3 q0
0
0
q a
q a
u1 x1 ; x2 ; x3 0 x1 x3 u2 x1 ; x2 ; x3 0 x2 x3
k
k
0
q0 a 2
2
2
x  x1  x2
u3 x1 ; x2 ; x3
2k 3
0

rij 0

23
24

25

14

15
16

;12

3. Formulation of thermoelastic rigid sheet-like inclusion

problem and method of its solution
Consider an innite isotropic thermoelastic matrix containing a
at absolutely rigid inclusion occupying a bounded region S with a

Fig. 1. A uniform heat ow in an elastic space disturbed by an insulated anticrack.

 ski, W. Kozowski / International Journal of Solids and Structures 46 (2009) 17721777

A. Kaczyn

1774

Bearing Eq. (17) in mind and anti-symmetry of the temperature

e , which is odd in x3
eld, the solution for the harmonic function T
and vanishes at innity, may be achieved by considering a half
space x3 P 0 with the following boundary conditions on x3 = 0:

q
Te ;3  0 x1 ; x2 ; x3 0 2 S
k
Te 0 x1 ; x2 ; x3 0 2 R2 n S

26
27

From potential theory (Kellogg, 1967) it follows that

~ ;3 ; x
~ x1 ; x2 ; x3
Te x
Z Z
1
cn1 ; n2 dn1 dn2
q


2p
S
x1  n1 2 x2  n2 2 x23

28

and the boundary condition (26) leads to the integro-differential

singular equation of Newtons potential type for the unknown density c

1
D
2p

Z Z

cn1 ; n2 dn1 dn2

q
q
 0
k
2
2
x1  n1 x2  n2

29

2
2
in which D @ 2 @ 2 stands for the planar Laplacian. Note that
@x1 @x2
due to the property of the normal derivative of the simple-layer po~ we have
tential x

Te x1 ; x2 ; 0  Te x1 ; x2 ; 0 2cx1 ; x2 x1 ; x2 2 S

30

which means that the rigid inclusion acts as an obstruction to the

heat ow yielding a jump of the temperature and the solution of
Eq. (29) can be identied as the temperature on the upper side of
the inclusion, i.e.

cx1 ; x2 Te x1 ; x2 ; x3 0 x1 ; x2 2 S

u1 c

x3

38
39
40
41
42
43
44

Thus, the perturbed inclusion problem described by Eqs. (32)(35)

is reduced to the classical mixed problem in the potential theory
(Sneddon, 1966) of nding the space harmonic function f in the
upper half-space satisfying the mixed conditions on the x1x2-plane

f x1 ; x2 ; x3 0

kl
f0 x1 ; x2 x1 ; x2 2 S
k 3l

f;3 x1 ; x2 ; x3 0 0 x1 ; x2 2 R2 n S

45
46

where the right-hand side in Eq. (45) is given by

f0 x1 ; x2

q0 a 2
q a
~ x1 ; x2 ; 0 0 x21 x22
x x22 e  cx
2k 1
2k
Z Z
b
qn1 ; n2 dn1 dn2
q
e
4pk 2l
S
x1  n1 2 x2  n2 2

47

34
35

f x1 ; x2 ; x3 

32
33

~ dx3 u2 f u3 0
x

37

It is interesting to note here that by using the suitable potential

solution (36), the associated thermal inclusion problem reduces to
its mechanical counterpart considered in Kaczynski (1999) pro~ x1 ; x2 ; 0 are known from
vided the values of thermal potential x
the solution of the temperature problem (see Eq. (47) and Eqs.
(28) and (29)). Furthermore, one can easily notice much similarity
between the boundary value problem described by Eqs. (45) and
(46) and the one arising in an elastic contact problem of a smooth
punch with the domain contact S pressed against a half-space (Galin, 1980; Fabrikant, 1989) as well as in the steady-state symmetrical thermal crack problem (Kassir and Sih, 1967). In what follows,
effective results will be achieved for some particular cases owing
to the use of the potentials known from the literature available
(Fabrikant, 1989; Kachanov et al., 2003).
The solution to Eqs. (45) and (46), obtained from potential theory, is expressed by a potential of a simple layer as

Moreover, the unknown rigid displacement e will be determined

from Eq. (20).
~ given by Eqs. (28) and
Having known the thermal potential x
(29), a convenient way of constructing the solution of the above
problem is to utilize the potential displacement representation
(7)(9) by reducing it to some mixed problem of potential theory.
To this end, a suitable displacement representation in terms of a
single harmonic function f that frees the plane x3 = 0 of the displacements u1,u2 is obtained by setting in Eqs. (7)(9)

~ ;1 u
~ ;2
~ 2 x3 f;2 cx
~ 1 x3 f;1 cx
u
k 3l
~ x3 f;3 Te
~3
f cx
u
kl


l
~ ;1 x3 f;31 Te ;1
r~ 31 2l
f;1 cx
kl


l
~ ;2 x3 f;32 Te ;2
r~ 32 2l
f;2 cx
kl


k 2l
r~ 33 2l
f;3 x3 f;33 Te ;3
kl


k
~ ;11
r~ 11 2l
f;3  2c Te x3 f;11 cx
kl


k
~ ;22
r~ 22 2l
f;3  2c Te x3 f;22 cx
kl
~ ;12
r~ 12 2lx3 f;12 cx

31

Besides, an important observation is that this governing equation

has the form similar to the one in mode I crack problem for the case
of constant loading (see, e.g. Fabrikant, 1989).
In the focus of attention is now the non-trivial perturbed thermoelastic inclusion problem (afxed by tilde). Bearing Eqs. 19 and
(22)(25) in mind and observing that from the anti-symmetry of
2 are
the temperature and deformation state it follows that u1,u
odd in x3, whereas u3 is even in x3, the problem in hand is equivalent to solving Eqs. (1)(5) (with the unknown functions having
tilde) in the half-space x3 P 0, with the following boundary
conditions:

~2 x1 ; x2 ; 0 0 x1 ; x2 2 R2 ;
~ 1 x1 ; x2 ; 0 u
u
q a
~ 3 x1 ; x2 ; 0 0 x21 x22 e x1 ; x2 2 S
u
2k
r~ 33 x1 ; x2 ; 0 0 x1 ; x2 2 R2 n S
0
1
q
1
C
~ i OB
u
@qA as x21 x22 x23 ! 1
x21 x22 x23

Using Eqs. (7)(16), the corresponding displacement-stress eld can

be determined from the expressions

36

1
4p

kl
lk 2l

Z Z
S

qn1 ; n2 dn1 dn2

q

x1  n1 2 x2  n2 2 x23
48

~ 33
where the unknown layer density q stands for the normal stress r
on the upper side of the inclusion, i.e.

~ 33 x1 ; x2 ; x3 0 x1 ; x2 2 S
qx1 ; x2 r

49

and in view of the boundary condition (45), satises the following

two-dimensional integral equation (similar to the one in classical
contact mechanics, cf. Fabrikant, 1989):

Z Z
S

qn1 ; n2 dn1 dn2

q
f0 x1 ; x2 x1 ; x2 2 S
x1  n1 2 x2  n2 2

50

 ski, W. Kozowski / International Journal of Solids and Structures 46 (2009) 17721777

A. Kaczyn

Z Z

with f0 given by Eq. (47) and a constant H dened as

k 3l
H
4plk 2l

51

After q is known from the solution of governing Eq. (50), the potential f can be determined from Eq. (48) and then the whole perturbed
eld is obtained from Eqs. (37)(44). Finally, the unknown settlement e is calculated from Eq. (20) which can be equivalently rewritten as

Z Z

qx1 ; x2 dx1 dx2 0

52

It turns out that for an arbitrary shaped anticrack S the derived integral Eqs. (50) and (29) generally may be solved by numerical techniques (see, for instance, Kit and Khay, 1989; Fabrikant, 1991;
Aliabadi and Rooke, 1992). Analytical solutions are available, when
the rigid inclusion is circular or elliptical and f0 is a polynomial
(Rahman, 2002). As an illustration, a complete solution in elementary functions will be presented for the circularly shaped (pennyshaped) rigid inclusion in the next section.

f0 r

53
Then by using the results of Fabrikant (1989), the exact elementary
solution of Eq. (29) and the expression for the thermal potential in
Eq. (28), independent of the angular coordinate h, are

p
0
2
2
cr 2q
pk a r 
q
2
2
~ x1 ;x2 ;x3  q0 2a2 2x23 r 2 sin1 la  2a a3l1 l22 a2
x
2
2pk

54

qr

55

q
2
a
x3 P 0
 a 2  l1
l2
q
2
a
x3 < 0
a 2  l1
l2

56

06r<a

60

RR

RR

1 dn2

p2
qqdn
a2  n21  n22 x1  n1 2 x2  n2 2

n2 n22 dn1 dn2

p42 2a2 r 2
q1q
2
2
2
2
2
a  n1  n2 x1  n1 x2  n2

61

the equality of two polynomials of the second order is obtained and

by comparing the coefcients we nd that

c 2 a2
bq0 a2

e
2
4kk 2l
q 2a  c q0 ak 6l
c2 0

k
2kk 2l

c0

62
63

Moreover, the equilibrium condition (52) yields

2 2
a c2
3

64

1
6

bq0 a2
q aa2 5k 6l
 0
6kk 2l
4kk 2l

65

Thus, bearing in mind Eqs. (64) and (60), the main function of the
thermoelastic perturbed problem (the solution to Eq. (50)) has a
simple form

~ 33 r; 0
qr r

c2
3p

2H

2a2  3r2
 p
a2  r 2

06r<a

66

The subsequent substitution of Eqs. (66) in (48) gives, due to the results of Fabrikant (1989, 1991), the explicit expression for the governing harmonic potential f for x3 P 0:
"
#

2 q
c2 k l
3
32a2 3l1 2
1 a
l2 a2
a2 3x23  r 2 sin
f x1 ;x2 ;x3 

3pk3l
2
l2
2a
67

Similarly, the components of heat ow for x3 P 0 are

8
q
2
>
2 xi
>
a2  l1
>
2q
a
> 0
<
i 1; 2
p l2 l2  l2
2 2
1


p
>
> 2q
>
a l2 a2
1
>
: p0 sin la2  2 2 2
i3
l l
2

c0  c2 r2
p
Hp2 a2  r 2

e  a2 c2 

e can be obtained
As shown in Eq. (28), the perturbed temperature T
~ with respect to x3. From Fabrikant
simply by differentiating x
(1989) (see Appendix A4.1), we get the exact result with elementary
functions as follows:

~i x1 ; x2 ; x3 k Te ;i kx
~ ;3i
q

59

and from Eq. (62) the rigid vertical displacement e is given by

q q
l1  l1 a; r; x3 12
r a2 x23  r  a2 x23
q q
r a2 x23 r  a2 x23
l2  l2 a; r; x3 12

8

>
2q0
1
>
>
<  pk x3 sin
e

T x1 ; x2 ; x3
>
>  2q0 x sin1
>
: pk
3

q0 a 2
q0 b
r e
2a2  r2
8kk 2l
2k

where c0 and c2 are the unknown coefcients to be determined.

Substituting Eq. (60) in (50) with the right side (59) and utilizing the values of the resulting two-dimensional integrals in the
interior of S (Fabrikant, 1989)

c0

where in his notation

58

In this case it is known (see Rahman, 2002 for a full account) that there
exists an unique admissible solution to Eq. (50), unbounded in the
vicinity of the circumference of the rigid disc-inclusion, given as

Let the rigid inclusion is penny-shaped with the radius a, i.e.



q
S x1 r cos h;x2 r sinh;x3 0 : 0 6 r x21 x22 6 a;0 6 h 6 2p

cn1 ; n2 dn1 dn2

pq
q
0 2a2  x21  x22
2k
2
2
x1  n1 x2  n2

so the right side of the governing Eq. (50) is a second order polynomial of one variable r, taking the following form:

4. Complete solution to the problem of rigid circular inclusion

under uniform heat ow

1775

57
Turning now to the solution to Eq. (50), we observe that only the
~ x1 ; x1 ; 0 are required from the thermal pervalues of potential x
turbed problem. Hence in view of Eqs. (54) and (47), it is found that
for (x1,x2) 2 S

All the derivatives of this potential that enter formulas for the thermal-elastic eld quantities in Eqs. (37)(44) are derived by using
Fabrikants results. They are given in Appendix A.
This, in fact, completes the solution to the problem under consideration, since without any difculties the full-eld temperature,
uxes, displacements and thermal stresses can be obtained from
the sum of (23)(25) and Eqs. (37)(44), together with Eqs. (56)
and (57). It is noteworthy that the problem has been solved in elementary functions. As might be expected, it is axially symmetric.
The complex general results simplify signicantly for x3 = 0,
namely,

 ski, W. Kozowski / International Journal of Solids and Structures 46 (2009) 17721777

A. Kaczyn

1776

(
Tr;0

p
0
2
2
 2q
pk a r

06r6a

r>a
(

2q0

p
@Tr;0

@r
0


qr r;0 k

68

r
p
a2 r2

06r6a
r>a

and separation of the material from the inclusion characterized by

the stress intensity factor

r!a

SI lim

06r<a
69

r>a

u1 r;0 u2 r;0 0 0 6 r < 1

u3 r;0
(

e
2

p e

06r<a
1
0a 2
q2k
r sin ar  qp0 aka

r33 r;0

p q a
0
r 2 a2  2k
r2

3r
p
 b3pq0 2a
a2 r2

06r<a

r >a

70

r>a

71

r>a

8
p
1
<  2q0 kb a2  p
al5k6l a2 r 2

06r<a

r>a

a2 r2

kk3l

r12 r;0 rrh r;0 r3h r;0 0 0 6 r < 1

77

These parameters describing the strength of the thermal stress singularities may be used directly or indirectly in conjunction with a
suitable failure criterion to analyze the mechanics of fracture initiation near the edge of the rigid inclusion (see e.g. Rahman, 2002).
Finally, it is worth noting to compare the stress singularities of
an anticrack and a crack in the study of the considered heat ow.
For the corresponding penny-shaped crack problem, the mode II
thermal stress intensity factor only exists and is given by (Florence
and Goodier, 1963)

p
p crack
2bcrack q0 a a
p
2pr  ar3r r; 0

78

bcrack

al1 m
3k1  m

79

Now returning to Eq. (76), it is seen that the ratio of stress intensity
factors for the two problems is
73

jK II j
K crack
II

74

where the following notations for thermo-elastic constants are

used:

2alk 6l 4al3  5m

3kk 3l
3k3  4m
3alk 2l 3al1  m
~
b

2kk 3l
k3  4m
2
a
l
k

6
l

al1  2m3  5m
b

3kk 3lk 2l
3k3  4m1  m

76

where
72

r11 r;0 r22 r;0 rrr r;0

rhh r;0

p
p
b q a a
2pa  rr33 r; 0  3 p0

r!a

06r<a

p
2
2
~
1 a
: 2q0 brsin
~
 rp
 ba rr a
r
p
r2 a2
b a3

r!a

K crack
lim
II

r3r r;0 r31 r;0 cosh r32 r;0 sinh

8
~ r
< bq
0

p
p
2b q0 a a
p
2pr  ar3r r; 0 

K II lim

q3 r;0 kT ;3 r;0

8
<0

2q 1 a
a
: 0 sin
 p
q0
r
p
r2 a2

II (edge-sliding) deformation characterized by the stress intensity factor

b
b

crack

1  2m3  5m
3  4m1 m

80

It is easy to prove that for 0 < m < 12 this ratio decreases from 1 to 0,
from which we conclude that K IIcrack > jK II j. It means that on the
viewpoint of fracture the crack is more dangerous than the rigid
inclusion in the problem under study.

b3

5. Conclusions

75

k
with m 2k
l being Poissons ratio. We can observe the following
features of the exact solution given here:

(1) The rigid insulated inclusion obstructs the given perpendicular heat ow in such a manner that produces the jump of the
temperature across the inclusion plane and the innite increase
of heat uxes in the vicinity of its edge. The identical behavior is
observed for this ow disturbed by an insulated crack (Florence
and Goodier, 1963).
(2) The thermal normal stresses have jump discontinuities on
the inclusion plane and are unbounded as r ? a.
(3) The sign q
of normal stress r33 changes from positive to negative at r 23 a.
(4) All components qi of the heat ux and rij of the stress tensor
(excluding r12) are singular at r = a (strictly, qr and r33,r11,r22
at the points on the edge of the disc, r = a, q3 and r3r at the
points exterior to the disc, r = a+) with the familiar square root
singularity in linear fracture mechanics.
From the viewpoint of classical fracture mechanics, it is of
interest to investigate highly intensied thermal stresses in
the vicinity of the rigid inclusion edge resulting in fracture initiation under the environment of given heat ow. From Eqs.
(71)(74) it is seen that there are two mechanisms controlling
failure of the material surrounding the inclusion border: mode

In the present paper we have examined the three-dimensional

thermal stress problem of an insulated and absolutely rigid
sheet-like inclusion obstructing a uniform heat ow in an elastic,
homogeneous and isotropic space. Using the method of potential
functions, the problem involving the inclusion of arbitrary shape
has been reduced to classical mixed boundary-value problems of
potential theory. It is found that by taking into account the temperature solution, the resulted governing integral equation for the induced thermal stresses is similar to the one for elastic contact
mechanics. This allowed, due to the results achieved by Fabrikant,
to obtain a new complete solution in elementary functions for the
case of a penny-shaped anticrack. From this solution, explicit
expressions for the stress intensity factors have been extracted
and discussed from the point of view of failure theory.
Appendix A
q1
2 0
2
a l2  a2
c2 k l 4 @
1 a
A
xi 3 sin
f;i x1 ;x2 ;x3 

2
3pk 3l
l2
l2
q3
2
2a2 l1 l2  a2
5 i 1;2

2
2
l2 rl2  l1

q
2c2 k l
2
1 a
f;3 x1 ;x2 ;x3 
 3 a2  l1
3x3 sin
3pk 3l
l2
q3
2
a2 a2  l1
2 2 5
l2  l1

A:1

A:2

 ski, W. Kozowski / International Journal of Solids and Structures 46 (2009) 17721777

A. Kaczyn

2 q
2
2c2 k la2 43 a2  l1
xi
f;3i x1 ;x2 ;x3 
2
2
3pk 3l
l2 l2  l1
q
3
2
2
2
a2  l1 3l2 l1  4a2
5 i 1;2

2
2
l2  l1 3
q
2
2
3a l2  a2
2c2 k l 4
1 a
f;33 x1 ;x2 ;x3 

3 sin
2
2
3pk 3l
l2
l2  l1
3

A:3

a2 2a2 2x23  r2  l1 7
q
5
2 2
2
a2  l1 l2  l1 3
q
2
2
2
3a l2  l1
c2 k l 4
1 a

 3sin
f;ii x1 ;x2 ;x3 
2
3pk 3l
l2
l2
q

3
!
2
2
2
2l2
2a3 l2  a2 3l2 l1  6a2 r21
2ax2i
5
1 2 2 2 
2 2
2
l2 l2  l1
l2 l2  l1
a2 x3

i 1 or 2

q
2
3a l2  a2

2c2 k la
x1 x2 4 4 2 2
3pk 3l
l2 l2  l1
3
4
2
2
2l
23l2 l1  6a2 r21
5

2 2
2 3
l2 l2  l1
q1
0
2
a l2  a2
q0 @
1 a
A i 1;2
~ ;i x1 ;x2 ;x3  xi  sin
x

2
pk
l2
l2
q
2
!3
2
a l2  a2
2a2 x2i
q0 4
1 a
~
x;ii x1 ;x2 ;x3 

1 2 2 2 5
sin
2
l2
pk
l2 l2  l1
l2
2

f;12 x1 ;x2 ;x3 

i 1 or 2

q
2
2q0 a x1 x2 l2  a2

A:4

A:5

A:6

A:7

A:8

~ ;12 x1 ; x2 ; x3 
x

pk

l2 l2  l1

A:9

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