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[2]
Cirrhosis of the liver increases the risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (a form
of liver cancer).[3]
Worldwide, viral hepatitis is the most common cause of liver inflammation.[4] Other causes
include autoimmune diseases and ingestion of toxic substances (notably alcohol),
certain medications (such as paracetamol), some industrial organic solvents, and plants
1.
Bernal, W. and J. Wendon (2013). "Acute Liver Failure." New England Journal of
Medicine 369(26): 2525-2534.
2. ^ Dienstag JL. Chapter 306. Chronic Hepatitis. In: Longo DL, Fauci AS, Kasper DL,
Hauser SL, Jameson J, Loscalzo J. eds. 'Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine,
18e. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill;
2012.http://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?
bookid=331&Sectionid=40727101. Accessed May 09, 2015.
3. ^ Carr BI. Chapter 92. Tumors of the Liver and Biliary Tree. In: Longo DL, Fauci AS,
Kasper DL, Hauser SL, Jameson J, Loscalzo J. eds. 'Harrison's Principles of Internal
Medicine, 18e. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill;
2012.http://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?
bookid=331&Sectionid=40726828. Accessed May 09, 2015.
4. ^ WHO Health Topics: Hepatitis [1]
5. ^ "Online Etymology Dictionary". Etymonline.com. Retrieved 2012-08-26.
Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver, most commonly caused by a viral infection. There are
five main hepatitis viruses, referred to as types A, B, C, D and E. These five types are of
greatest concern because of the burden of illness and death they cause and the potential for
outbreaks and epidemic spread. In particular, types B and C lead to chronic disease in
hundreds of millions of people and, together, are the most common cause of liver cirrhosis
and cancer.
Hepatitis A and E are typically caused by ingestion of contaminated food or water. Hepatitis B,
C and D usually occur as a result of parenteral contact with infected body fluids. Common
modes of transmission for these viruses include receipt of contaminated blood or blood
products, invasive medical procedures using contaminated equipment and for hepatitis B
transmission from mother to baby at birth, from family member to child, and also by sexual
contact.
Acute infection may occur with limited or no symptoms, or may include symptoms such as
jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), dark urine, extreme fatigue, nausea, vomiting and
abdominal pain