Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

EC 3012 Digital Communication- Monsoon 2015

Tutorial-II
List of Topics: DPCM, Adaptive DPCM, Delta modulation, Line shaping, Line codes, Pulse
shaping, Equalization, Eye diagram, Duo binary Pulse shaping

1. Find PSDs for polar, on-off, and bipolar signalling, where p(t) is a full-width rect- angular pulse, that is,
p(t) = rect(t = T b)? Sketch roughly these PSDs and and their bandwidths. For each case, compare the
bandwidth of the case where p(t) is a half-width rectangular pulse.
2. A random binary data sequence 100110... is transmitted using a Manchester (split- phase) line code.
Sketch the waveform y(t). Derive the PSD of a Manchester (split-phase) signal assuming 1 and 0 equally
likely. Roughly sketch this PSD and its bandwidth.
3. The Fourier transform P () of the basic pulse p(t) used in a certain binary communication system is
shown below:

(a) From the shape of P (), explain if this pulse satisfies the Nyquist criterion.
(b) Find p(t) and verify that this pulse does (or does not) satisfy the Nyquist criterion.
(c) If the pulse does satisfy the Nyquist criterion, what is the transmission rate (in bits per second) and
what is the roll-off factor?
4. A pulse p(t) whose spectrum P () is shown below satisfies the Nyquist criterion. If f1 = 0.8 MHz and
f2 = 1.2 MHz, determine the maximum rate at which binary data can be transmitted by this pulse using
the Nyquist criterion. What is the roll-off factor?

5. Binary data at 9600 bits/s are transmitted using 8-ary PAM modulation with a system using a raised
cosine roll-off filter characteristic. The system has a frequency response out to 2.4 kHz. What is the
symbol rate and the roll-off factor of the filter characteristic?
6. A voice signal in the range 300 to 3300 Hz is sampled at 8000samples/s. We may transmit these samples
directly as PAM pulses or we may first convert each sample to a PCM format and use binary (PCM)
waveforms for transmission.
(a) What is the minimum system bandwidth required for the detection of PAM with no ISI and with a
fillter roll-off characteristic of r = 1?
(b) Using the same filter roll-off characteristic, what is the minimum bandwidth required for the detection
of binary (PCM) waveforms if the samples are quantized to eight levels?
7. What is the theoretical minimum system bandwidth needed for a 10 M bits/s signal using 16-level PAM
without ISI? How large can the filter roll-off factor be if the allowable system bandwidth is 1.375M Hz?
8. Binary data at a rate of 1M bits/s is to be transmitted using Nyquist criterion pulses with P () given in
Problem 4. The frequencies f1 and f2 (in hertz) of this spectrum are adjustable. The channel available
for the transmission of this data has a bandwidth of 700 kHz. Determine f1 and f2 and the roll-off factor.
9. In a certain telemetry system, there are eight analog measurements, each of bandwidth 2kHz. Samples of
these signals are time-division multiplexed, quantized, and binary coded. The error in sample amplitudes
cannot be greater than 1% of the peak amplitude.
(a) Determine L, the number of quantization levels.
(b) Find the transmission bandwidth BT if Nyquist criterion pulses with roll-off factor r = 0.2 are used.
The sampling rate must be at least 25% above the Nyquist rate.
(c) A linear delta modulator is designed to operate on speech signals limited to 3.4kHz. The specification
of the modulator are as follows. Sampling rate is 10fN yquist and step size is 100mV . The modulator is
tested with a 1 kHz sinusoidal signal. Determine the maximum amplitude of this test signal required
to avoid slope overload.
10. Consider a DM system designed to accommodate analog signals limited to bandwidth W = 5kHz. A
sinusoidal of amplitudeA = 1 and frequency fm = 1kHz is applied to the system. The sampling rate
of the system is 50kHz. Calculate the step size required to minimize slope overload and the signal to
quantization noise ratio of the system.
11. Consider a low pass signal with a bandwidth of 3 kHz. A linear delta modulation system with step size
0.1 V is used to process this signal at a sampling rate ten times the Nyquist rate.
(a) Evaluate the maximum amplitude of the test sinusoidal signal of frequency 1 kHz, which can be
processed by the system without slope over load.
(b) For the specification given in part (a), evaluate the output signal to noise ratio under pre filtered
and post filtered conditions.
12. A stationary process X(t) has the following values for its autocorrelation function RX (0) = 1, RX (1) =
0.8, RX (2) = 0.6, RX (3) = 0.4. Calculate the coefficients of an optimum linear predictor involving the use
of three units delays and variance of the resulting prediction error.
13. The result of a single pulse (impulse) transmission is a received set of sample (impulse response) with values
0.1, 0.3, 0.2, 1.0, 0.4, 0.1, 0.1 where the left most sample is the earliest. Design a three tap equalizer that
forces the ISI to zero at one sampling point on each side of the main lobe. Calculate the value of equalized
output pulse at time 0, 1, 2, 3. After equalization what is the largest magnitude sample contributing
to the ISI and what is the sum of all ISI magnitudes.
2

14. In a single integration DM system the voice signal is sampled at a rate of 64kHz. The maximum amplitude
Amax = 1.
(a) Determine minimum value of step size so as to avoid slope over load
(b) Determine granular noise power N0 if the voice signal is of bandwidth 3.5kHz
(c) Assume that the voice signal is sinusoidal determine SNR.
(d) Assume the voice signal amplitude is uniformly distributed in the range (11)
(e) Determine the minimum transmission bandwidth.
15. The data stream 001101001 is applied to the input of a duobinary system.
(a) Construct the duobinary coder output and corresponding receiver output, without a precoder.
(b) Suppose that owing to error during transmission, the level at the receiver input produced by the
second digit is reduced to zero. Construct the new receiver output.
16. The data stream 011100101 is applied to the input of a modified duobinary system.
(a) Construct the modified duobinary coder output and corresponding receiver output, without a precoder.
(b) Suppose that due to error during transmission, the level produced by the third digit is reduced to
zero. Construct the new receiver output.
17. A DPCM system uses a linear predictor with a single tap. The normalized autocorrelation function of
the imput signal for a lag of one sampling interval is 0.75. The predictor is designed to minimize the
prediction error variance. Determine the processing gain attained by the use of this predictor.