Section i: Abstract

Section ii: Definition of Terms

Section iii: List of Tables, Figures and Table of Contents

Chapter 1: Introduction
Char2 about biorefineries
History of Biorefineries
Process Biorefineries

Chapter 2: Review of Existing Industries and Manufacturing Facilities

Search biorefineries in Ph
Reason gipili ang San Carlos
Profile:

San Carlos Bioenergy, Inc. (SCBI) is a PEZA registered company incorporated

in May 2005 to construct, own and operate an integrated fuel bioethanol
distillery and power co-generation facility, thus marking both Philippine and
Southeast Asian history as the First Fuel Bioethanol and Co-generation
Facility. Situated at the San Carlos Agro-Industrial Economic Zone on the
Eastern coast of Negros Occidental, SCBI takes advantage of both favorable
weather patterns and the best quality and yield in sugarcane to supply the
country's fuel and energy demands, in compliance with the mandates of the
Biofuels Act of 2006, otherwise known as RA 9367 and the Renewable Energy
Act (REA) of 2008, otherwise known as RA 9513.
Encouraged by the passage of RA 9367 and the assurance of the Alternative Fuels
Program of the Department of Energy (DoE), Bronzeoak Philippines, SCBI's
developer, provided unique and valuable expertise in biomass power plant
engineering, while its principal sponsor, Zabaleta and Company, provided sugarbased agricultural experience. On the other hand, equity capital was raised both
domestically through San Julio Realty, Inc., Valmayor Ventures Inc., National
Development Company, and the Majent Group, and internationally through FE Clean
Energy of New York.
On a daily basis, SCBI processes a maximum of 1,500 tons of sugarcane to produce
125,000 liters of Bioethanol and generate a rated capacity of around 7.4MW where
at least 2.4 MWh is to be supplied to the power grid. The production of both
alternative and renewable energy is governed by separate contracts, apart from
those executed with other government agencies under the Executive Branch.
The company has a ten (10) year sales agreement with Petron Corporation, the
country's leading oil company and gasoline retailer, for the supply of bioethanol, as
well as a thirty (30) year agreement with VMC Rural Electric Cooperative (VRESCO),
Inc. the local distribution utility, for the supply of electricity, both on a take or pay
basis. Conversely, the company has a fifteen (15) year agreement with three (3)
local plantations for the supply of the bulk of its sugarcane requirements and works
with smaller sugarcane planters and cooperatives for the balance of its feedstock
requirements.

Chapter 3: Manufacturing Process

Process
Milling
Distillery
Waste Management

iii.

Environmental Department (77hrs)

Equipment, Machineries and Instrumentation Familiarization

Different ways of disposing the wastes (mainly spentwash/slops) was discussed by

the manager, from anaerobic digestion up to sub-surface drip irrigation. Details
about the anaerobic digestion was discussed by the operator while the sub-surface
drip irrigation system was discussed by the supervisor.

Anaerobic Digester Process Control and Monitoring

The anaerobic digester was upset when we were assigned to the department. The
sludge recirculation system was the only one that operates. So instead of operate
and monitor, we determined the parameters at their laboratory. These parameters
are Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Volatile Fatty Acids (T-VFA) and Alkalinity
of the samples from Anaerobic Digester and another areas.

Off-site Lagoons and Pump House for Irrigation System Visits

Observing how they further treat the wastes using the lagoons as an aerobic
digester. Irrigations pipelines from the plant to the sugarcane fields was also
observe.

At the Environmental Management Department, I learned that spentwash can also

be used to irrigate sugarcane. And in their anaerobic digester, the source of bacteria
is cow dung. I learned how to determine Chemical Oxygen demand, Alkalinity and
Total Volatile Fatty Acids, which are the main parameters in the operation of the
digester.

Chapter 4: Waste Management Processes

4.1. Nature and Characteristics of Industrial Wastes
4.2. Baseline Data and Methodology on Acquisition of Baseline Information
4.3. Detail of Unit Operations and Processes

Chapter 5: Waste Management Initiatives

5.1. Pollution Prevention/ Waste Minimization

5.2. Environmental Management System

Chapter 6: Future Trends and Direction

Chapter 7: Conclusion

10

Chapter 8: Recommendation

11

Annexes A: References

12

Annexes B:

13